Wolves, people, and brown bears influence the expansion of the
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
CONSUMERS - Lubchenco/Menge Lab
... Levings, 1981; 1983; Gaines, 1983; 1985). Field observations indicate that the damselfish defend loosely-defined subtidal territories against all other fishes, but will move well into the low zone to forage at high tide. The wrasses defend dens under boulders or in deep crevices in the shallow subti ...
... Levings, 1981; 1983; Gaines, 1983; 1985). Field observations indicate that the damselfish defend loosely-defined subtidal territories against all other fishes, but will move well into the low zone to forage at high tide. The wrasses defend dens under boulders or in deep crevices in the shallow subti ...
Granivory in a Desert Ecosystem: Experimental Evidence for Indirect Facilitation... Rodents Author(s): D. W. Davidson, R. S. Inouye, J. H. Brown
... toides as dominant shrub species. Here, the bimodal distribution of annual rainfall (Fig. 2) regularly protion). In experiments in the Sonoran Desert, both ants duces two distinct seasonal peaks of ephemeral vegeand rodents increased in abundance over the short term tation. Frontal storms in winter ...
... toides as dominant shrub species. Here, the bimodal distribution of annual rainfall (Fig. 2) regularly protion). In experiments in the Sonoran Desert, both ants duces two distinct seasonal peaks of ephemeral vegeand rodents increased in abundance over the short term tation. Frontal storms in winter ...
Chap21 test review
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
“Ecology and the Environment” Handbook in Philosophy of Biology
... balance of nature idea so much as provide a theoretical framework for subsequent advocates of the idea of community “self-regulation.” Many early community ecologists imagined that competition or natural selection somehow regulated population sizes. For example, Forbes (1887), and Clements (1916) ma ...
... balance of nature idea so much as provide a theoretical framework for subsequent advocates of the idea of community “self-regulation.” Many early community ecologists imagined that competition or natural selection somehow regulated population sizes. For example, Forbes (1887), and Clements (1916) ma ...
Population growth rate and its determinants
... depicting the effects of environmental stressors on population growth rate ( gure 2a) looks very similar to gure 2b, and it is curious that while Birch’s work is generally referred to in discussions of the ecological niche, the explicit link is rarely made. Birch (1953) concluded: ‘the signi can ...
... depicting the effects of environmental stressors on population growth rate ( gure 2a) looks very similar to gure 2b, and it is curious that while Birch’s work is generally referred to in discussions of the ecological niche, the explicit link is rarely made. Birch (1953) concluded: ‘the signi can ...
The effect of obligate hyperparasitoids on biological control: Differential
... The obligate hyperparasitoids were active for most of the year, except during winter months (June-August), albeit generally at low levels individually (Fig. 2), but their combined average impact (which includes 0. sokolowskii) on C. vestalis populations was significant (r2 = 0.1151; F1, 50 = 6.5016; ...
... The obligate hyperparasitoids were active for most of the year, except during winter months (June-August), albeit generally at low levels individually (Fig. 2), but their combined average impact (which includes 0. sokolowskii) on C. vestalis populations was significant (r2 = 0.1151; F1, 50 = 6.5016; ...
Mechanistic Approaches to Community Ecology
... SYNOPSIS. Mechanistic approaches to community ecology are those which employ individual-ecological concepts—those of behavioral ecology, physiological ecology, and ecomorphology—as theoretical bases for understanding community patterns. Such approaches, which began explicitly about a decade ago, are ...
... SYNOPSIS. Mechanistic approaches to community ecology are those which employ individual-ecological concepts—those of behavioral ecology, physiological ecology, and ecomorphology—as theoretical bases for understanding community patterns. Such approaches, which began explicitly about a decade ago, are ...
REV_ISS_WEB_JPE_12709_53-6 1823..1830
... 2002–2005 in 16 geographically paired SRC willow stands in south-central Sweden (58120–60273°N, 15572–18416°E). The selected stands were established in 1990 or 1992, and coppicing cycles were synchronized in all stands at four-year intervals from 1994 to 2002 – which suggests that past disturban ...
... 2002–2005 in 16 geographically paired SRC willow stands in south-central Sweden (58120–60273°N, 15572–18416°E). The selected stands were established in 1990 or 1992, and coppicing cycles were synchronized in all stands at four-year intervals from 1994 to 2002 – which suggests that past disturban ...
Genetic considerations in shellfish restoration
... is the only option for supplementation. Furthermore, wild catch may be counterproductive if it removes animals that would otherwise have recruited naturally. Hatcheries can also undertake selective breeding programmes for conservation or commercial ends. For example, disease tolerant lines can be de ...
... is the only option for supplementation. Furthermore, wild catch may be counterproductive if it removes animals that would otherwise have recruited naturally. Hatcheries can also undertake selective breeding programmes for conservation or commercial ends. For example, disease tolerant lines can be de ...
tive structures) or than characters whose pattern is impressed on
... however, had unrelated stabilities. By comparing the stability of characters in relation to both local fluctuations and gross environmental changes, he showed that these were not necessarily related. While it could be considered difficult to distinguish between these two types of environmental varia ...
... however, had unrelated stabilities. By comparing the stability of characters in relation to both local fluctuations and gross environmental changes, he showed that these were not necessarily related. While it could be considered difficult to distinguish between these two types of environmental varia ...
Basic and Applied Ecology
... A current goal in ecology is to elucidate the relative roles of primary and secondary consumers versus plant resources in determining community structure and dynamics. The complexity and diversity of terrestrial communities has been hypothesized to strongly influence the strength of these topdown an ...
... A current goal in ecology is to elucidate the relative roles of primary and secondary consumers versus plant resources in determining community structure and dynamics. The complexity and diversity of terrestrial communities has been hypothesized to strongly influence the strength of these topdown an ...
Battle of the barnacle newcomers: niche compression in invading
... barnacle that arrived in the Hawaiian Islands ~30 yr ago, is now the most abundant and widespread non-native barnacle in the intertidal zone on the island of Oahu. In a series of field experiments, I demonstrate that the abundance of an earlier invader — the larger, faster growing barnacle Balanus r ...
... barnacle that arrived in the Hawaiian Islands ~30 yr ago, is now the most abundant and widespread non-native barnacle in the intertidal zone on the island of Oahu. In a series of field experiments, I demonstrate that the abundance of an earlier invader — the larger, faster growing barnacle Balanus r ...
Allee Effects
... stop increasing consumption depends on the predator rather than the prey, predator satiation has the potential to affect any population fed upon by a predator that does not numerically track the abundance of the small prey population, such as when a generalist predator feeds on multiple species (Kra ...
... stop increasing consumption depends on the predator rather than the prey, predator satiation has the potential to affect any population fed upon by a predator that does not numerically track the abundance of the small prey population, such as when a generalist predator feeds on multiple species (Kra ...
Ecology and Evolution of Adaptive Morphological Variation in Fish
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
Effects of invasive Pacific red lionfish Pterois volitans
... restricted to observational rather than experimental approaches. Thus, while some evidence exists that introduced marine fishes, when successful, may cause deleterious changes in native ecosystems (Friedlander et al. 2002; Bariche et al. 2004; Goren and Galil 2005; Schumacher and Parrish 2005; Dierk ...
... restricted to observational rather than experimental approaches. Thus, while some evidence exists that introduced marine fishes, when successful, may cause deleterious changes in native ecosystems (Friedlander et al. 2002; Bariche et al. 2004; Goren and Galil 2005; Schumacher and Parrish 2005; Dierk ...
The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in fishes
... measured with no additional stressors (e.g. no salinity or temperature stress, given > 24 h for acclimation to respirometers, etc.). Finally, studies were excluded if experimental temperatures were outside the range experienced by the species in nature, or if metabolic rates were not measured over a ...
... measured with no additional stressors (e.g. no salinity or temperature stress, given > 24 h for acclimation to respirometers, etc.). Finally, studies were excluded if experimental temperatures were outside the range experienced by the species in nature, or if metabolic rates were not measured over a ...
Inter- and intraspecific parasitism
... Density-dependence within the host is crucially important for the reproductive rate of macroparasites ...
... Density-dependence within the host is crucially important for the reproductive rate of macroparasites ...
Inter- and intraspecific parasitism interactions
... Density-dependence within the host is crucially important for the reproductive rate of macroparasites ...
... Density-dependence within the host is crucially important for the reproductive rate of macroparasites ...
Evolution and Ecology of Species Range Limits
... species range limit (Figure 1). Such an effect could alter the distribution of variation within and among populations (Eckert et al. 2008). Second, the mode of selection may differ between edge and central areas (Bridle & Vines 2007, Hoffmann & Blows 1994). If ecological stress gradients create rang ...
... species range limit (Figure 1). Such an effect could alter the distribution of variation within and among populations (Eckert et al. 2008). Second, the mode of selection may differ between edge and central areas (Bridle & Vines 2007, Hoffmann & Blows 1994). If ecological stress gradients create rang ...
A trade-off between growth and starvation endurance in a pit
... tested whether antlions that grew faster during the feeding phase lost more mass during the successive starvation phase compared to those that had lower growth rates during the feeding phase. When two successive measurements are taken on the same individuals, they tend, on average, to be closer to t ...
... tested whether antlions that grew faster during the feeding phase lost more mass during the successive starvation phase compared to those that had lower growth rates during the feeding phase. When two successive measurements are taken on the same individuals, they tend, on average, to be closer to t ...