Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review
... rate, photosynthetic parameters (maximum specific rate of photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and light adaptation parameter), nutrient limitation (half-saturation constant for growth/uptake), cellular elemental ratios, and loss terms (sinking rates, autolysis rates and grazing rates). This is ...
... rate, photosynthetic parameters (maximum specific rate of photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and light adaptation parameter), nutrient limitation (half-saturation constant for growth/uptake), cellular elemental ratios, and loss terms (sinking rates, autolysis rates and grazing rates). This is ...
Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors
... signature of competition may be entirely obscured by the synchronizing effect of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ years (e.g. drought versus wet), even if it is an important driver of species’ relative fitness and persistence [22]. Furthermore, it has been shown that embedding competitors in a food web context c ...
... signature of competition may be entirely obscured by the synchronizing effect of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ years (e.g. drought versus wet), even if it is an important driver of species’ relative fitness and persistence [22]. Furthermore, it has been shown that embedding competitors in a food web context c ...
- University of Essex Research Repository
... The Holling type II functional response used by Kretzschmar et al. (1993) to model microzooplankton grazing is presented here in Michaelis–Menten form, which is typically used to represent microzooplankton feeding (Davidson et al., 2011; Roberts et al., 2011). The maximum grazing rates of microzoopl ...
... The Holling type II functional response used by Kretzschmar et al. (1993) to model microzooplankton grazing is presented here in Michaelis–Menten form, which is typically used to represent microzooplankton feeding (Davidson et al., 2011; Roberts et al., 2011). The maximum grazing rates of microzoopl ...
Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors prevail in
... signature of competition may be entirely obscured by the synchronizing effect of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ years (e.g. drought versus wet), even if it is an important driver of species’ relative fitness and persistence [22]. Furthermore, it has been shown that embedding competitors in a food web context c ...
... signature of competition may be entirely obscured by the synchronizing effect of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ years (e.g. drought versus wet), even if it is an important driver of species’ relative fitness and persistence [22]. Furthermore, it has been shown that embedding competitors in a food web context c ...
Movement behaviour and mortality in invasive and indigenous
... beds) and at meso scales (in bays and on the open coast). M. galloprovincialis moved more and had higher mortality rates than did P. perna. For both species, mortality was greater at the edge than at the centre of beds, and on the open coast than in bays. Mussels at the edge of beds moved more than ...
... beds) and at meso scales (in bays and on the open coast). M. galloprovincialis moved more and had higher mortality rates than did P. perna. For both species, mortality was greater at the edge than at the centre of beds, and on the open coast than in bays. Mussels at the edge of beds moved more than ...
Food chain length and omnivory determine the stability of a marine
... cover (P = 0Æ05, Fig. 1b) and an increase in the summed covariances (P = 0Æ01, Fig. 1d) in the absence of predators. Predators did not affect the summed variances (P = 0Æ22, Fig. 1c). Despite a significant increase in cover in the presence of predators (P = 0Æ02), overall stability of Sargassum was n ...
... cover (P = 0Æ05, Fig. 1b) and an increase in the summed covariances (P = 0Æ01, Fig. 1d) in the absence of predators. Predators did not affect the summed variances (P = 0Æ22, Fig. 1c). Despite a significant increase in cover in the presence of predators (P = 0Æ02), overall stability of Sargassum was n ...
Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions
... Ecosystem functions: The biological underpinning of ecosystem services. While ecosystem services are governed by both ecological and social factors (e.g. business demand-supply chains), in this article, we focus on the proximate biological processes such as productivity, pest control, pollination th ...
... Ecosystem functions: The biological underpinning of ecosystem services. While ecosystem services are governed by both ecological and social factors (e.g. business demand-supply chains), in this article, we focus on the proximate biological processes such as productivity, pest control, pollination th ...
A Basis for Relative Growth Rate Differences Between Native and
... in more leaf area per unit leaf biomass (high SLA). Only a few studies have evaluated the underlying causes of RGR variation between native and invasive species. In the Great Basin, invasive annual grasses generally have greater LAR and SLA but not NAR than bunchgrasses (Arredondo et al. 1998). Howe ...
... in more leaf area per unit leaf biomass (high SLA). Only a few studies have evaluated the underlying causes of RGR variation between native and invasive species. In the Great Basin, invasive annual grasses generally have greater LAR and SLA but not NAR than bunchgrasses (Arredondo et al. 1998). Howe ...
Seed dispersal by pulp consumers, not ``legitimate`` seed
... study has quantified the net effects of seed dispersal on plant population dynamics (Godı́nez-Alvarez et al. 2002). One way to close the ‘‘seed dispersal loop’’ (Wang and Smith 2002) and examine the consequences of seed dispersal is to connect landscape patterns of seed deposition and post-dispersal ...
... study has quantified the net effects of seed dispersal on plant population dynamics (Godı́nez-Alvarez et al. 2002). One way to close the ‘‘seed dispersal loop’’ (Wang and Smith 2002) and examine the consequences of seed dispersal is to connect landscape patterns of seed deposition and post-dispersal ...
Feeding-Induced Changes in Plant Quality Mediate Interspecific
... and P. marginata) provide one of the few known examples of delayed, plant-mediated interspecific competition between two sap-feeding insects. Three lines of experimental evidence from the laboratory, field cages, and open field plots provide support for the detrimental effects of previous feeding by ...
... and P. marginata) provide one of the few known examples of delayed, plant-mediated interspecific competition between two sap-feeding insects. Three lines of experimental evidence from the laboratory, field cages, and open field plots provide support for the detrimental effects of previous feeding by ...
Effects of human actions on four ecological systems, Margaret Candace Kosmala
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
... Figure 3-11: Number of aphids per plant after two weeks of being covered by mesh or left uncovered ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 3-12: Log number of aphids per plant after two weeks of ...
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN FITNESS COMPONENTS AND
... weather or high population density (3, 7, 33, 50, 65, 76, 100, 157, 171, 177). High forage quality and quantity often increase preweaning survival of large herbivores (131, 152, 197), possibly by improving milk quality (197). Malnutrition appears to be a major cause of early mortality during some ye ...
... weather or high population density (3, 7, 33, 50, 65, 76, 100, 157, 171, 177). High forage quality and quantity often increase preweaning survival of large herbivores (131, 152, 197), possibly by improving milk quality (197). Malnutrition appears to be a major cause of early mortality during some ye ...
Direct and indirect effects of the introduced alga Sargassum
... where S. muticum was absent. The negative effects of S. muticum on native algae appear to be a result of shading, rather than changes in water flow, sedimentation, or nutrient availability. S. muticum also had a strongly negative indirect effect on the native sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus droebachie ...
... where S. muticum was absent. The negative effects of S. muticum on native algae appear to be a result of shading, rather than changes in water flow, sedimentation, or nutrient availability. S. muticum also had a strongly negative indirect effect on the native sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus droebachie ...
Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on
... giant kelp, a preferred food of sea urchins (Leighton, 1971), fluctuates greatly in response to a range of physical and biological processes (Dayton et al., 1999; Reed, Rassweiler & Arkema, 2008; Reed et al., 2011; Cavanaugh et al., 2011), and when its abundance is low sea urchins are known to shift ...
... giant kelp, a preferred food of sea urchins (Leighton, 1971), fluctuates greatly in response to a range of physical and biological processes (Dayton et al., 1999; Reed, Rassweiler & Arkema, 2008; Reed et al., 2011; Cavanaugh et al., 2011), and when its abundance is low sea urchins are known to shift ...
THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION FOR THE ROLE
... lower in the Z. renardii and Nabis spp. treatments. Comparing aphid population growth among the single-predator species treatments, only in those cages with lacewing larvae alone was there a significant impact on aphids, suggesting that of all of these predator species, lacewings are the most effect ...
... lower in the Z. renardii and Nabis spp. treatments. Comparing aphid population growth among the single-predator species treatments, only in those cages with lacewing larvae alone was there a significant impact on aphids, suggesting that of all of these predator species, lacewings are the most effect ...
Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex By Patrick William Turko
... Taylor and Hebert (1993) suggested that their separation is maintained by ecological differences, since D. mendotae was found in larger lakes than D. dentifera. Duffy et al. (2004) went a step further, and weakly correlated the dominance of D. mendotae over D. dentifera with the intensity of inverte ...
... Taylor and Hebert (1993) suggested that their separation is maintained by ecological differences, since D. mendotae was found in larger lakes than D. dentifera. Duffy et al. (2004) went a step further, and weakly correlated the dominance of D. mendotae over D. dentifera with the intensity of inverte ...
Littoral Ecosystems
... Competition between two barnacle species: a classic story in ecology Chthamalus adults ...
... Competition between two barnacle species: a classic story in ecology Chthamalus adults ...
spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between
... herbivore abundance in the plantation forest. Herbivore populations across the edge were linked by shared parasitoids in apparent competition. Consequently, an experimental reduction of herbivore density in the plantation forest changed parasitism rates in the natural forest, as predicted based on ...
... herbivore abundance in the plantation forest. Herbivore populations across the edge were linked by shared parasitoids in apparent competition. Consequently, an experimental reduction of herbivore density in the plantation forest changed parasitism rates in the natural forest, as predicted based on ...
Family Atherinidae
... Why do fish school? Hydrodynamic efficiency Increased efficiency in locating prey Reproduction Reduced predation risk o Dilution effect o Confusion effect ...
... Why do fish school? Hydrodynamic efficiency Increased efficiency in locating prey Reproduction Reduced predation risk o Dilution effect o Confusion effect ...
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on
... The present study focuses on abundance changes of a variety of alpine plant species during 12 years of increased-, maintained- and decreased sheep densities in a large-scale landscape experiment. The aim of this study was to examine long-term effects of enhanced grazing and cessation of grazing on a ...
... The present study focuses on abundance changes of a variety of alpine plant species during 12 years of increased-, maintained- and decreased sheep densities in a large-scale landscape experiment. The aim of this study was to examine long-term effects of enhanced grazing and cessation of grazing on a ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... C. ovata). Two other algae (C. vulgaris and S. leopoliensis) are an appropriate size for consumption by herbivores, and probably are consumed at least occasionally, but do not support herbivore growth on their own. The other three algae are too large for the herbivores to consume. For brevity, I wil ...
... C. ovata). Two other algae (C. vulgaris and S. leopoliensis) are an appropriate size for consumption by herbivores, and probably are consumed at least occasionally, but do not support herbivore growth on their own. The other three algae are too large for the herbivores to consume. For brevity, I wil ...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on plant competition and
... 2 G. Lin, M. L. McCormack & D. Guo In these previous studies, AMF have been shown to influence interspecific plant competition (Danieli-Silva et al. 2010; Wagg et al. 2011b; Mariotte et al. 2013). One mechanism controlling AMF effects on interspecific competition is the varying degree of benefit that A ...
... 2 G. Lin, M. L. McCormack & D. Guo In these previous studies, AMF have been shown to influence interspecific plant competition (Danieli-Silva et al. 2010; Wagg et al. 2011b; Mariotte et al. 2013). One mechanism controlling AMF effects on interspecific competition is the varying degree of benefit that A ...
Impacts of maximum sustainable yield policy to prey–predator systems
... and MSY does not exists in such multispecies system. For better understanding of our analysis we introduce a term ‘maximum yield’ (MY) which means the maximum harvested biomass from ecosystem with the extinction of at least one species. By and large, the MY of the prey–predator system (4) is equal t ...
... and MSY does not exists in such multispecies system. For better understanding of our analysis we introduce a term ‘maximum yield’ (MY) which means the maximum harvested biomass from ecosystem with the extinction of at least one species. By and large, the MY of the prey–predator system (4) is equal t ...