Evolutionary ecology of mountain birch in subarctic stress gradients
... 1996; Briggs & Walters 1997; Orr & Smith 1998; Kawecki & Ebert 2004; Bijlsma & Loeschcke 2005; Savolainen et al. 2007). Evolutionary adaptations can arise in response to practically any abiotic or biotic factor that affects the survival or reproduction of individuals, with adaptations evolved with r ...
... 1996; Briggs & Walters 1997; Orr & Smith 1998; Kawecki & Ebert 2004; Bijlsma & Loeschcke 2005; Savolainen et al. 2007). Evolutionary adaptations can arise in response to practically any abiotic or biotic factor that affects the survival or reproduction of individuals, with adaptations evolved with r ...
Impacts of maximum sustainable yield policy to prey–predator systems
... and MSY does not exists in such multispecies system. For better understanding of our analysis we introduce a term ‘maximum yield’ (MY) which means the maximum harvested biomass from ecosystem with the extinction of at least one species. By and large, the MY of the prey–predator system (4) is equal t ...
... and MSY does not exists in such multispecies system. For better understanding of our analysis we introduce a term ‘maximum yield’ (MY) which means the maximum harvested biomass from ecosystem with the extinction of at least one species. By and large, the MY of the prey–predator system (4) is equal t ...
Partitioning the effects of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on
... stability, accounting for the relative time scales of ecological and evolutionary processes. Determining when an ecosystem of interacting species is stable is of fundamental importance in ecology, offering insight into how the ecosystem will respond to inevitable perturbations. A stable system is ab ...
... stability, accounting for the relative time scales of ecological and evolutionary processes. Determining when an ecosystem of interacting species is stable is of fundamental importance in ecology, offering insight into how the ecosystem will respond to inevitable perturbations. A stable system is ab ...
Debate 2 – Exotics Species and the Chesapeake Bay Group C
... oyster beds, which prevented the formation of oyster reefs and therefore reduced the rate at which the oysters could replenish their population. ...
... oyster beds, which prevented the formation of oyster reefs and therefore reduced the rate at which the oysters could replenish their population. ...
Nutrient availability induces contrasting allocation and starch
... disturbance appears to depend on storage of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and a bud bank. The two processes resulting in the storage of TNC are accumulation and reserve formation. Chapin et al. (1990) defined accumulation as the increase in compounds because resource acquisition exceeds dem ...
... disturbance appears to depend on storage of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and a bud bank. The two processes resulting in the storage of TNC are accumulation and reserve formation. Chapin et al. (1990) defined accumulation as the increase in compounds because resource acquisition exceeds dem ...
Glenelg Ark 2005–2011 - Department of Environment, Land, Water
... include: different species being effected in different ways; complex interactions between factors such as habitat and other predators; the baiting strategy being ineffective; the time frame of the control not being sufficient; or fox predation not having a measurable impact. Most studies only monito ...
... include: different species being effected in different ways; complex interactions between factors such as habitat and other predators; the baiting strategy being ineffective; the time frame of the control not being sufficient; or fox predation not having a measurable impact. Most studies only monito ...
MS Word Document - 1.3 MB - Department of Environment, Land
... include: different species being effected in different ways; complex interactions between factors such as habitat and other predators; the baiting strategy being ineffective; the time frame of the control not being sufficient; or fox predation not having a measurable impact. Most studies only monito ...
... include: different species being effected in different ways; complex interactions between factors such as habitat and other predators; the baiting strategy being ineffective; the time frame of the control not being sufficient; or fox predation not having a measurable impact. Most studies only monito ...
Approximating Nature`s Variation: Selecting and Using Reference
... population structure and dynamics. Zedler & Goff (1973) showed that a shade-tolerant tree had a reverse-J, allaged population structure at relatively small grain sizes, but a shade-intolerant tree attained this stable distribution only at grain sizes large enough to include many independent patches ...
... population structure and dynamics. Zedler & Goff (1973) showed that a shade-tolerant tree had a reverse-J, allaged population structure at relatively small grain sizes, but a shade-intolerant tree attained this stable distribution only at grain sizes large enough to include many independent patches ...
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
... The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal The fact that species’ range dynamics are the consequence of colonizations and local extinctions (Fig. 1) immediately clarifies the importance of dispersal: while population extinctions may be due to a range of phenomena – from deterministic successional p ...
... The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal The fact that species’ range dynamics are the consequence of colonizations and local extinctions (Fig. 1) immediately clarifies the importance of dispersal: while population extinctions may be due to a range of phenomena – from deterministic successional p ...
14.1 Habitat And Niche
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis?
... between the effects of pathogenic and facilitative interactions. Thus a reduction in the negative effects of soil microbes could be the result of a reduction in negative interactions or a corresponding increase in the effects of facilitators. We therefore stress caution when citing the results of so ...
... between the effects of pathogenic and facilitative interactions. Thus a reduction in the negative effects of soil microbes could be the result of a reduction in negative interactions or a corresponding increase in the effects of facilitators. We therefore stress caution when citing the results of so ...
Toward an ecological synthesis: a case for habitat selection
... Morris 1988; Pulliam 1988). Consider the effects of idealfree distributions in landscapes with variable mosaics of two habitats that differ in their respective intrinsic growth rates at low density (e.g., as in Fig. 3B). A general principle of population dynamics is that populations possessing a hig ...
... Morris 1988; Pulliam 1988). Consider the effects of idealfree distributions in landscapes with variable mosaics of two habitats that differ in their respective intrinsic growth rates at low density (e.g., as in Fig. 3B). A general principle of population dynamics is that populations possessing a hig ...
Climate Change and Alpine Vegetation Shifts on Mountaintop
... Global temperatures have risen with c.a. 0.85 °C during the past century and are predicted to increase even further at an accelerated rate in the coming decades. These changes in the climate system are having a profound impact on the distribution and composition of plant communities. Mountain ecosys ...
... Global temperatures have risen with c.a. 0.85 °C during the past century and are predicted to increase even further at an accelerated rate in the coming decades. These changes in the climate system are having a profound impact on the distribution and composition of plant communities. Mountain ecosys ...
Fragoso 2005 Trophic strucure tropics
... Pachymerus cardo (Fåhraeus) and Speciomerus giganteus (Chevrolat) These bruchid beetles specialize on Attalea seeds, although they are not confined to the genus (Delobelle et al. 1995; Silvius 1999). They appear to be the dominant representatives of the herbivorous trophic level supported directly b ...
... Pachymerus cardo (Fåhraeus) and Speciomerus giganteus (Chevrolat) These bruchid beetles specialize on Attalea seeds, although they are not confined to the genus (Delobelle et al. 1995; Silvius 1999). They appear to be the dominant representatives of the herbivorous trophic level supported directly b ...
These_4_niveau 2 et 3 - Chaire CRSNG/Hydro
... beyond. After identification of open research questions within the BEF paradigm, the second chapter proposes an experimental design addressing those gaps. The core of this experimental design is the variation of tree communities along a gradient of continuous functional diversity (FD) to specificall ...
... beyond. After identification of open research questions within the BEF paradigm, the second chapter proposes an experimental design addressing those gaps. The core of this experimental design is the variation of tree communities along a gradient of continuous functional diversity (FD) to specificall ...
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Revision
... 50. The diagrams above show four different types of interactions between species. An arrow pointing from one organism to another means that the first organism has an effect on the second organism. Label each diagram with the correct type of interaction. 51. The cardon and organ-pipe are flowering c ...
... 50. The diagrams above show four different types of interactions between species. An arrow pointing from one organism to another means that the first organism has an effect on the second organism. Label each diagram with the correct type of interaction. 51. The cardon and organ-pipe are flowering c ...
SILICA ACCUMULATION IN GRASSES IN REPONSE TO A LARGE
... among plant species (0,1-10% dry weight). Silicon content also varies vastly in different ecotypes and different parts of the plants. In higher plants, species of Poaceae (grasses) and Cyperaceae (sedges) families are considered Si-accumulating plants (Müller 2003). Grasses actively absorb silicon f ...
... among plant species (0,1-10% dry weight). Silicon content also varies vastly in different ecotypes and different parts of the plants. In higher plants, species of Poaceae (grasses) and Cyperaceae (sedges) families are considered Si-accumulating plants (Müller 2003). Grasses actively absorb silicon f ...
04
... NRS have been using hand held Garmin GPS units in the past year to help map and plan conservation of rare plants. When interfaced with our GIS software this geographic data helps to guide surveys and conservation management. NRS are continuing to build a rare plant database to guide future projects. ...
... NRS have been using hand held Garmin GPS units in the past year to help map and plan conservation of rare plants. When interfaced with our GIS software this geographic data helps to guide surveys and conservation management. NRS are continuing to build a rare plant database to guide future projects. ...
Density-dependent migration in an Amphiura filiformis (Amphiuridae
... ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that the semi-mobile brittle star Amphiura filiformis may have densitydependent migratory behaviour and that their dispersion may be dependent on food availability was examined. Sediment with intact fauna dominated by A. filiformis (-2250 ind. m-2) was brought to the laborat ...
... ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that the semi-mobile brittle star Amphiura filiformis may have densitydependent migratory behaviour and that their dispersion may be dependent on food availability was examined. Sediment with intact fauna dominated by A. filiformis (-2250 ind. m-2) was brought to the laborat ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SOFT-WATER CALCIUM DECLINE ON THE LIFE- DAPHNIA
... (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Daphnia has some of the highest known calcium contents of any crustacean zooplankton, ranging from 2.5-7.7% dry weight, in comparison to non-daphniid species, such as copepods, which range from 0.2-0.4% (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Calcium demand is further intensified for Daphnia ...
... (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Daphnia has some of the highest known calcium contents of any crustacean zooplankton, ranging from 2.5-7.7% dry weight, in comparison to non-daphniid species, such as copepods, which range from 0.2-0.4% (Jeziorski & Yan 2006). Calcium demand is further intensified for Daphnia ...
stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2.1.2.3.1. "Supertolerance to herbivores" with 2.1.1.2.1.1.1. "Antibiosis to herbivores, Structural, Pe ...
... they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2.1.2.3.1. "Supertolerance to herbivores" with 2.1.1.2.1.1.1. "Antibiosis to herbivores, Structural, Pe ...
Wolves, people, and brown bears influence the expansion of the
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
Armstrong–McGehee mechanism revisited_ Competitive exclusion
... 2002; Abrams, 2004; Abrams et al., 2003) the authors found a substantial parameter bandwidth of coexistence, which led them to conclude that relative nonlinearity may have been discarded prematurely as a coexistence-generating mechanism. Nonlinear, saturating functional responses of the Holling type ...
... 2002; Abrams, 2004; Abrams et al., 2003) the authors found a substantial parameter bandwidth of coexistence, which led them to conclude that relative nonlinearity may have been discarded prematurely as a coexistence-generating mechanism. Nonlinear, saturating functional responses of the Holling type ...