Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount
... that habitat patch boundaries contain or delimit populations and communities, such that each patch represents a meaningful ecological entity. I refer to this idea as the ‘habitat patch concept’. A persistent difficulty with the habitat patch concept has been uncertainty in how to delineate ecologica ...
... that habitat patch boundaries contain or delimit populations and communities, such that each patch represents a meaningful ecological entity. I refer to this idea as the ‘habitat patch concept’. A persistent difficulty with the habitat patch concept has been uncertainty in how to delineate ecologica ...
4. Mechanisms involved in salt-marsh rejuvenation J.P. Bakker
... In many cases the positive feedback between Spartina and sedimentation forms the basis for saltmarsh formation. Under ideal conditions, Spartina can rapidly invade a bare intertidal flat and form a homogeneous vegetation cover. Capturing of fine-grained sediment by Spartina stands, raises soil eleva ...
... In many cases the positive feedback between Spartina and sedimentation forms the basis for saltmarsh formation. Under ideal conditions, Spartina can rapidly invade a bare intertidal flat and form a homogeneous vegetation cover. Capturing of fine-grained sediment by Spartina stands, raises soil eleva ...
Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the
... increase in water availability under elevated [CO2], while the CO2 response of shorter C3 grasses was limited by nutrient and light availability. Carbon dioxide enrichment similarly benefited a C4 annual more than a C3 annual in a greenhouse-based competition experiment (Bazzaz et al. 1989). On the ...
... increase in water availability under elevated [CO2], while the CO2 response of shorter C3 grasses was limited by nutrient and light availability. Carbon dioxide enrichment similarly benefited a C4 annual more than a C3 annual in a greenhouse-based competition experiment (Bazzaz et al. 1989). On the ...
Density dependence in ungulates: a review of causes, and concepts
... populations only occasionally reaching K except in unusual environmental situations or under controlled conditions in an experimental setting. Mammals with strong densityindependent characteristics tend to be small, have short life-spans, high reproductive rates, and may reproduce but a single time ...
... populations only occasionally reaching K except in unusual environmental situations or under controlled conditions in an experimental setting. Mammals with strong densityindependent characteristics tend to be small, have short life-spans, high reproductive rates, and may reproduce but a single time ...
Limiting resources and the regulation of diversity in phytoplankton
... where abundance is based on total biomass of each species rather than number of individuals and where p is the percentage of total community biomass for an individual species (i). This eliminates the problem of variation in cell size among different species and reflects the true contribution of indi ...
... where abundance is based on total biomass of each species rather than number of individuals and where p is the percentage of total community biomass for an individual species (i). This eliminates the problem of variation in cell size among different species and reflects the true contribution of indi ...
Seasonal variations in species composition, abundance, biomass
... premonsoon: July –September. Because of the shallow condition of the estuary (average depth 2.5 m), the water temperature and salinity are influenced by the degree of mixing of the neritic and fluviatile elements and tidal inflow due to ebb and flow. Their ...
... premonsoon: July –September. Because of the shallow condition of the estuary (average depth 2.5 m), the water temperature and salinity are influenced by the degree of mixing of the neritic and fluviatile elements and tidal inflow due to ebb and flow. Their ...
THREAT ABATEMENT PLAN
... affect native flora and fauna, vegetation communities, landforms, geomorphic processes and sensitive sites, as well as primary industries. This situation continues despite the availability and application of chemical and physical control methods, and the release of the biological control agents myxo ...
... affect native flora and fauna, vegetation communities, landforms, geomorphic processes and sensitive sites, as well as primary industries. This situation continues despite the availability and application of chemical and physical control methods, and the release of the biological control agents myxo ...
Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... Immune-mediated interactions among parasites have been investigated among individuals in a population, but less is known about broader comparative patterns. We investigated the “macro-micro facilitation hypothesis” that higher helminth prevalence in a host species provides greater opportunities for ...
... Immune-mediated interactions among parasites have been investigated among individuals in a population, but less is known about broader comparative patterns. We investigated the “macro-micro facilitation hypothesis” that higher helminth prevalence in a host species provides greater opportunities for ...
Alarm communication: a new function for the scent
... pheromone (Holmberg 1986). However this hypothesis is unlikely, since other glandular structures (on the chelicerae and legs) have been found that serve these functions (Martens and Schawaller 1977; Martens 1979). Moreover, there is no chemical difference between the secretions from males and female ...
... pheromone (Holmberg 1986). However this hypothesis is unlikely, since other glandular structures (on the chelicerae and legs) have been found that serve these functions (Martens and Schawaller 1977; Martens 1979). Moreover, there is no chemical difference between the secretions from males and female ...
Ecosystem fragmentation drives increased diet variation in an
... One consequence of human-driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often-underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem f ...
... One consequence of human-driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often-underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem f ...
Ecosystem fragmentation drives increased diet variation in an
... One consequence of human-driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often-underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem f ...
... One consequence of human-driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often-underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem f ...
Adaptation, density dependence and the responses of trophic level
... matrix 2 in Table 2. This removes the three ‘zeroes’ present in matrix 1, which all stem from the assumption that predator population growth is independent of its own density. Given predator density dependence, an increase in the per capita death rate of a given species decreases its own equilibrium ...
... matrix 2 in Table 2. This removes the three ‘zeroes’ present in matrix 1, which all stem from the assumption that predator population growth is independent of its own density. Given predator density dependence, an increase in the per capita death rate of a given species decreases its own equilibrium ...
temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource
... study area indicated that the population was increasing; however, this increase was well below the maximum finite rate of growth (l 5 1.46) reported for elk (Kimball and Wolfe 1974). Thus, some resources may have been in short supply, and competition among large herbivores was likely. Definitions.—W ...
... study area indicated that the population was increasing; however, this increase was well below the maximum finite rate of growth (l 5 1.46) reported for elk (Kimball and Wolfe 1974). Thus, some resources may have been in short supply, and competition among large herbivores was likely. Definitions.—W ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... a. Because vertebrates are more likely than insects to be herbivores, plants have not needed to evolve responses against insect herbivory. b. Because herbivorous insects usually do not kill the plants they feed on, their role as a selective agent is questionable. c. Because most plants live a long t ...
... a. Because vertebrates are more likely than insects to be herbivores, plants have not needed to evolve responses against insect herbivory. b. Because herbivorous insects usually do not kill the plants they feed on, their role as a selective agent is questionable. c. Because most plants live a long t ...
Lourenco_with_editor_changes - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio
... vertebrate predators could be designated using four terms – “predation”, “intraguild predation”, ...
... vertebrate predators could be designated using four terms – “predation”, “intraguild predation”, ...
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES ON
... and common shrubs and the flowering by grasses in our study plots. We were unable to detect an effect of deer on these measures of vegetation. These results suggest that by changing vegetation, jackrabbits may reduce invertebrate populations that are limited by food, protective structures, or microcl ...
... and common shrubs and the flowering by grasses in our study plots. We were unable to detect an effect of deer on these measures of vegetation. These results suggest that by changing vegetation, jackrabbits may reduce invertebrate populations that are limited by food, protective structures, or microcl ...
Impacts of Invasive Species on Food Webs: A Review of Empirical
... appears “anthropocentric” and subjective despite its use in a policy context. As a consequence, for the purpose of this review, we have chosen not to include the notion of “harmfulness” in our definition of invasive species. In the following we adopt the convention of using “invasive species” to cha ...
... appears “anthropocentric” and subjective despite its use in a policy context. As a consequence, for the purpose of this review, we have chosen not to include the notion of “harmfulness” in our definition of invasive species. In the following we adopt the convention of using “invasive species” to cha ...
NUTRIENT LIMITATION IN THE SEA: DYNAMICS, IDENTIFICATION
... Goering, Don Button, and Holgcr Jannasch for their helpful suggestions and especially for their endless patience in discussing thcsc ideas in agrccment and disagreement with me. ...
... Goering, Don Button, and Holgcr Jannasch for their helpful suggestions and especially for their endless patience in discussing thcsc ideas in agrccment and disagreement with me. ...
Coexistence under positive frequency dependence Jane Molofsky , James D. Bever
... We used our model to investigate a series of di¡erent scenarios. We used the ¢ve-square neighbourhood for investigating the in£uence of the strength of positive frequency dependence on long-term coexistence within a 100 100 grid. Under these conditions, we observed the phenomenon of long-term coexi ...
... We used our model to investigate a series of di¡erent scenarios. We used the ¢ve-square neighbourhood for investigating the in£uence of the strength of positive frequency dependence on long-term coexistence within a 100 100 grid. Under these conditions, we observed the phenomenon of long-term coexi ...
COMPETITOR-INDUCED PLASTICITY IN TADPOLES
... growth and development when predators are absent. A second ubiquitous type of phenotypic plasticity is competitor-induced plasticity. In plants, increased competition for resources commonly induces morphological changes. For example, plants typically respond to competition for light by decreasing th ...
... growth and development when predators are absent. A second ubiquitous type of phenotypic plasticity is competitor-induced plasticity. In plants, increased competition for resources commonly induces morphological changes. For example, plants typically respond to competition for light by decreasing th ...
the fern understory as an ecological filter
... Abstract. We investigated the role of the fern understory of closed-canopy forests as an ecological filter shaping the density, species composition, size structure, and spatial distribution of the seedling bank. In New England deciduous forests we tested the hypothesis that the understory stratum is ...
... Abstract. We investigated the role of the fern understory of closed-canopy forests as an ecological filter shaping the density, species composition, size structure, and spatial distribution of the seedling bank. In New England deciduous forests we tested the hypothesis that the understory stratum is ...
Interactions among mutualism, competition, and predation foster
... for species coexistence. In highly diverse plant communities, such as tropical forests, negative density-dependent factors (also known as Janzen-Connell (J-C) effects; Janzen 1970; Connell 1971; Connell et al. 1984) are the most frequently studied mechanisms that could explain the tree species coexi ...
... for species coexistence. In highly diverse plant communities, such as tropical forests, negative density-dependent factors (also known as Janzen-Connell (J-C) effects; Janzen 1970; Connell 1971; Connell et al. 1984) are the most frequently studied mechanisms that could explain the tree species coexi ...
ppt檔案
... serrata and D. pseudoobscura. The solid lines are observed isoclines; the dashed lines are isoclines predicted by the ...
... serrata and D. pseudoobscura. The solid lines are observed isoclines; the dashed lines are isoclines predicted by the ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... predicted to be the key drivers of plant community dynamics and resulting structure. Tilman (1988, 1990) has argued that species-specific allocation tradeoffs should correlate with hierarchies of competitive ability, relative abundance, and coexistence in plant communities. We examined 6 classic and ...
... predicted to be the key drivers of plant community dynamics and resulting structure. Tilman (1988, 1990) has argued that species-specific allocation tradeoffs should correlate with hierarchies of competitive ability, relative abundance, and coexistence in plant communities. We examined 6 classic and ...