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2.3 Carbon Compounds
2.3 Carbon Compounds

... Carbon atoms can also bond to carbon atoms Carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds Chains of carbon atoms can also form rings. ...
Alien Protein Synthesis
Alien Protein Synthesis

... Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, like hair color and blood type. Genes are composed of DNA. The DNA code is based on a triplet of nitrogen bases. Each triplet code corresponds to a specific amino acid. Amino acids combine to form proteins. In a process known as transcrip ...
Homework
Homework

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... exhibit a polar and non polar quality.  The phosphate group is hydrophilic while the fatty acid area is hydrophobic. ...
2.3_Carbon_Compounds
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... Carbon atoms can also bond to carbon atoms Carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds Chains of carbon atoms can also form rings. ...
Modified from Carley Karsten Lecture 8
Modified from Carley Karsten Lecture 8

... a. nitrogenous ring = rings made of carbon and nitrogen. Either pyrimidine (one ring) or purine (two rings). i. pyrimidines = C, T, U (T exists only in DNA, and U exists only in RNA) ii. purines = A, G b. sugar = 5-carbon ring. DNA uses deoxyribose, RNA uses ribose. Deoxyribose = ribose without a hy ...
Original
Original

Chp 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function 1
Chp 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function 1

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... mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cl.toplasm. In all cells, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome, where IRNA anticodons translate the mRNA into amino acids. The completed amino acid chain, or polypeptide, then folds into its final shape as a protein. In this iab, you will model transcr ...
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Al - Iraqia university/ college of medicine

... because their presence raises the pH of a solution. Polynucleotide Structure: Nucleotides link to make a polynucleotide, called a strand, which has a backbone made up of phosphate–sugar–phosphate–sugar. The bases project to one side of the backbone. The nucleotides of a gene occur in a definite orde ...
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Ch 2 BS

... Negative charge and are arranged around the nucleus ...
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Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering

... 3. You are left with your “gene of interest” 4. Take a plasmid (ring of DNA) out of a bacterial cell, cut it with restriction enzymes. 5. Place the gene of interest in the plasmid, making a ring again 6. Put this ring back into a bacteria and let it ...
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GENETIC ENGINEERING CHAPTER 20

... – Cut the DNA of interest and vector with the same restriction enzyme (genomic or cDNA) – Fragments are mixed and ligase seals fragments together – Vector DNA will incorporate the fragments of source DNA in them creating recombinant plasmid – Some vectors will NOT incorporate foreign DNA. They are n ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

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Unit 5 Test Review 14-15

... 11. The monomer of a protein is a(n): ___________________________________. 12. A polypeptide chain is a _______________________________. It is sometimes called a polypeptide chain because the nucleotides are held together by ______________________ bonds. 13. A chain of amino acids is called a ______ ...
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... Dissociation • In water all ionic compounds dissociate into its ionic parts • So NaCl in water dissociates into Na+ and Cl• So H3PO4 dissociates into 3H+ and PO4-3 • Remembers ionic compounds are formed by metals and nonmetals or by metals and polyatomic ions ...
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chapter 5 Macromolecules

... Phospholipids = major components of cell membranes of various organisms Phospholipids have two fatty acids attached to glycerol & a phosphate group at the third ...
Molecular genetics and molecular evolution
Molecular genetics and molecular evolution

... Almost any type of character (for example, morphological structures, characteristics of cells, biochemical pathways, genes, amino acids or nucleotides) can be used for inferring phylogenies, provided that they are homologous. In sequence data, homology is determined by similarity searching. Once ho ...
Closed Loop DNA Operating System Migration
Closed Loop DNA Operating System Migration

... that stringing together a simple alphabet of four characters together we can get enough information to create a complex organism!. ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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