Biology 3201 - novacentral.ca
... → 99.9% of all human DNA is identical. In other words, the differences among individuals in the world are from differences in 1 out of 1000 nucleotides. → human genome has 35, 000 genes but we have 100, 000 different proteins. Shows that DNA sequence alone is not only factor which controls developme ...
... → 99.9% of all human DNA is identical. In other words, the differences among individuals in the world are from differences in 1 out of 1000 nucleotides. → human genome has 35, 000 genes but we have 100, 000 different proteins. Shows that DNA sequence alone is not only factor which controls developme ...
Replication and Protein Synthesis Test
... The backbone of one strand of a DNA molecule starts at a deoxyribose sugar and ends at a phosphate group. This strand a. is the coding strand. b. is the template strand. c. runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction. d. runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. e. is unlikely to be transcribed into RNA. The two strands o ...
... The backbone of one strand of a DNA molecule starts at a deoxyribose sugar and ends at a phosphate group. This strand a. is the coding strand. b. is the template strand. c. runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction. d. runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. e. is unlikely to be transcribed into RNA. The two strands o ...
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the
... On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis (1) it was concluded that the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia, which does neither contain mitochondria nor a Golgi apparatus, represents the lowest known lineage in the eucaryal domain. In order to gain a better insight into the phylogenetic relationship between ...
... On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis (1) it was concluded that the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia, which does neither contain mitochondria nor a Golgi apparatus, represents the lowest known lineage in the eucaryal domain. In order to gain a better insight into the phylogenetic relationship between ...
The discovery of the structure and function of the genetic substance
... • The Human Genome Project published the total sequence of the human genome in 2003, consisting of ca. 20,000 genes and 6.6 billion bases • Sequencing can determine parentage and heredity (e.g. Anastasia) • In forensics to determine guilt or innocence from samples of blood or tissue left at a crime ...
... • The Human Genome Project published the total sequence of the human genome in 2003, consisting of ca. 20,000 genes and 6.6 billion bases • Sequencing can determine parentage and heredity (e.g. Anastasia) • In forensics to determine guilt or innocence from samples of blood or tissue left at a crime ...
DNA Powerpoint Notes
... the complementary bases on the DNA chain. 3. FORM _______________________________________: The nucleotides join as the sugars and phosphates bond to form a new backbone. This process occurs due to the enzyme ___________________ which also checks for ___________________ as it goes. ...
... the complementary bases on the DNA chain. 3. FORM _______________________________________: The nucleotides join as the sugars and phosphates bond to form a new backbone. This process occurs due to the enzyme ___________________ which also checks for ___________________ as it goes. ...
Welcome to the Chapter 12 Test!
... 8. Explain why DNA replication is considered a chemical reaction, and explain why this reaction will not occur without the help of enzymes. ...
... 8. Explain why DNA replication is considered a chemical reaction, and explain why this reaction will not occur without the help of enzymes. ...
DNA LIBRARIES
... fragments that collectively represent the entire genome of a given organism. • cDNA library-represents a sample of all the expressed mRNA’s from a particular cell type, particular tissue, or an entire organism which has been converted back to DNA. Thus represents the genes that were actively being t ...
... fragments that collectively represent the entire genome of a given organism. • cDNA library-represents a sample of all the expressed mRNA’s from a particular cell type, particular tissue, or an entire organism which has been converted back to DNA. Thus represents the genes that were actively being t ...
Self-Organizing Bio-structures
... • Backbone carries charge (-e) on each nucleotide • Formation of an RNA structure requires cations ...
... • Backbone carries charge (-e) on each nucleotide • Formation of an RNA structure requires cations ...
From DNA to Protein
... Single nucleotide replaced with different nucleotide Can be harmless if still codes for same amino acid ...
... Single nucleotide replaced with different nucleotide Can be harmless if still codes for same amino acid ...
Macromolecules
... • Two main functions: food storage and structure. • Most organisms use glucose as the primary food molecule, converting many other compounds into glucose, then burning it in the processes of glycolysis and respiration. – Glucose can easily be stored as a polymer. In plants this is starch, which is m ...
... • Two main functions: food storage and structure. • Most organisms use glucose as the primary food molecule, converting many other compounds into glucose, then burning it in the processes of glycolysis and respiration. – Glucose can easily be stored as a polymer. In plants this is starch, which is m ...
Chemistry of Life Vocabulary
... properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces. Chemical bond - Any rearrangement of electrons in two atoms that generates a force, ...
... properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces. Chemical bond - Any rearrangement of electrons in two atoms that generates a force, ...
Biomolecules I. Introduction. - biochemistry: study of chemical
... - destruction of tertiary structure-stabilizing bonds will alter structure and change function. V. Nucleic acids. A. General comments. - composed of C, O, H, N, P. - largest molecules in the body. - store genetic information. - template for production of all body proteins. - structural units are nuc ...
... - destruction of tertiary structure-stabilizing bonds will alter structure and change function. V. Nucleic acids. A. General comments. - composed of C, O, H, N, P. - largest molecules in the body. - store genetic information. - template for production of all body proteins. - structural units are nuc ...
The Cell
... Check For Understanding • Daughter Cells are identical. • Daughter cells contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. • DNA duplicates before this process. • This process produces eggs and sperm. ...
... Check For Understanding • Daughter Cells are identical. • Daughter cells contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. • DNA duplicates before this process. • This process produces eggs and sperm. ...
Genetic Engineering II
... particular piece of DNA in the test tube (rather than in living cells like E. coli). • Very useful if only have small quantities such as blood or semen. • Use temperature changes to separate the DNA strand, add primers, polymerase and ta-dah... new strand is made. ...
... particular piece of DNA in the test tube (rather than in living cells like E. coli). • Very useful if only have small quantities such as blood or semen. • Use temperature changes to separate the DNA strand, add primers, polymerase and ta-dah... new strand is made. ...
12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity
... amino acids make up the protein. There are 20 different amino acids. Those amino acids can be put together in many ways to make millions of different proteins. During protein synthesis, the cell reads the three-letter codes along the DNA molecule and uses that information to build a protein from dif ...
... amino acids make up the protein. There are 20 different amino acids. Those amino acids can be put together in many ways to make millions of different proteins. During protein synthesis, the cell reads the three-letter codes along the DNA molecule and uses that information to build a protein from dif ...
Slide 1
... takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
... takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
13Johnson
... takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
... takes place in two stages transcription is the process when a messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a gene within the DNA translation is the process of using the mRNA to direct the production of a protein ...
Practice MC Questions
... B. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase I in the 3' - 5' direction C. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes D. prevent new-separated strands of DNA from rejoining E. serve as a binding site for DNA ligase ____ 6. Durin ...
... B. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase I in the 3' - 5' direction C. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes D. prevent new-separated strands of DNA from rejoining E. serve as a binding site for DNA ligase ____ 6. Durin ...
Biological Molecules
... Energy is required to form covalent bonds; energy is released when bonds are broken Carbon compounds are usually combustiblethat is, they burn in the presence of oxygen ...
... Energy is required to form covalent bonds; energy is released when bonds are broken Carbon compounds are usually combustiblethat is, they burn in the presence of oxygen ...
LECT14 DNA
... What forces hold a typical DNA molecule together? ANS: Hydrogen bonds between bases either through or or around the axis and base stacking What is base stacking? Stacking implies vertical interactions between bases as they sit on top of one another ...
... What forces hold a typical DNA molecule together? ANS: Hydrogen bonds between bases either through or or around the axis and base stacking What is base stacking? Stacking implies vertical interactions between bases as they sit on top of one another ...
MBLG2x71 Course Information for mmb web site
... 15. Introduction to the structure of the Genome Review DNA structure with A, B and Z of DNA. DNA packging. Chromosome length and diversity, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes, packaging proteins e.g. histones and the chromosome packaging. Heterochromatin and euchromatin and t ...
... 15. Introduction to the structure of the Genome Review DNA structure with A, B and Z of DNA. DNA packging. Chromosome length and diversity, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes, packaging proteins e.g. histones and the chromosome packaging. Heterochromatin and euchromatin and t ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.