Bacterial Genetics
... Lactose Operon 1. E Coli can use either Glucose or other sugars (ex: lactose) as the source of carbon & energy. 2. In Glu-medium, the activity of the enzymes need to metabolize Lactose is very low. 3. Switching to the Lac-medium, the Lac-metabolizing enzymes become increased for this change . 4. Th ...
... Lactose Operon 1. E Coli can use either Glucose or other sugars (ex: lactose) as the source of carbon & energy. 2. In Glu-medium, the activity of the enzymes need to metabolize Lactose is very low. 3. Switching to the Lac-medium, the Lac-metabolizing enzymes become increased for this change . 4. Th ...
Chapter 17 Presentation
... the formation of proteins. How could 4 different base pairs code for 20 different amino acids? 1:1 obviously didn’t work; a 2 letter code didn’t work either; but a 3 letter code would ...
... the formation of proteins. How could 4 different base pairs code for 20 different amino acids? 1:1 obviously didn’t work; a 2 letter code didn’t work either; but a 3 letter code would ...
Eukaryotic Gene Expression
... Eukaryotic mRNA can last hours or even weeks Length of time before degraded by cellular enzymes is related to quantity of protein synthesis they can direct Translation of mRNA can be delayed until control signal initiates it Initiation factors may be required for translation Polypeptides are extensi ...
... Eukaryotic mRNA can last hours or even weeks Length of time before degraded by cellular enzymes is related to quantity of protein synthesis they can direct Translation of mRNA can be delayed until control signal initiates it Initiation factors may be required for translation Polypeptides are extensi ...
Powerpoint notes for chapter 17
... the first tRNA molecule is “bumped” out of the ribosome. With each new tRNA a new amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. The cycle of amino acids linking together is repeated until a “stop” codon (UAA, UAG or UGA) is reached. Once this tRNA is read, the amino acid is released from the ribosom ...
... the first tRNA molecule is “bumped” out of the ribosome. With each new tRNA a new amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. The cycle of amino acids linking together is repeated until a “stop” codon (UAA, UAG or UGA) is reached. Once this tRNA is read, the amino acid is released from the ribosom ...
Replication of chromosomal DNA
... 2. Excision repair Base excision repair Nucleotide excision repair ...
... 2. Excision repair Base excision repair Nucleotide excision repair ...
RNA Detection and quantitation
... • Following the generation of a cDNA template the gene of interest is amplified in a cyclical manner by DNA polymerase:– Denaturation (94ºC) Double stranded DNA is made single stranded. – Annealing (Determined by primers 54ºC) Primers bind to complementary DNA sequences – Extension (72ºC) DNA pol. c ...
... • Following the generation of a cDNA template the gene of interest is amplified in a cyclical manner by DNA polymerase:– Denaturation (94ºC) Double stranded DNA is made single stranded. – Annealing (Determined by primers 54ºC) Primers bind to complementary DNA sequences – Extension (72ºC) DNA pol. c ...
Genetics: An Introduction
... 1944: Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty show that DNA can transform bacteria, demonstrating that DNA is the hereditary material. 1953: James Watson and Francis Crick determine the structure of the DNA molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates 1966: Marshall Nirenb ...
... 1944: Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty show that DNA can transform bacteria, demonstrating that DNA is the hereditary material. 1953: James Watson and Francis Crick determine the structure of the DNA molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates 1966: Marshall Nirenb ...
Info
... showing an amino group at the Cα. (B) A Fischer projection showing the Lconfiguration of the naturally occurring amino acids, converted to the standard 3D projection on a 2D surface. The name "amino acid" describes the chemical nature of these molecules; each contains an carboxylic acid function and ...
... showing an amino group at the Cα. (B) A Fischer projection showing the Lconfiguration of the naturally occurring amino acids, converted to the standard 3D projection on a 2D surface. The name "amino acid" describes the chemical nature of these molecules; each contains an carboxylic acid function and ...
chromatin fiber
... due to it’s amino acids. DNA has a negative charge due to its phosphate backbone. Amino Acid- The amino acid is altered in methylation and acetylation. Protein- structural proteins attach with DNA to form the structure of the chromatin. DNA- segments form genes. Heterochromatin effects gene expressi ...
... due to it’s amino acids. DNA has a negative charge due to its phosphate backbone. Amino Acid- The amino acid is altered in methylation and acetylation. Protein- structural proteins attach with DNA to form the structure of the chromatin. DNA- segments form genes. Heterochromatin effects gene expressi ...
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Notes
... Hydrogen bonds that hold the strands together and unwind it. DNA polymerase joins nucleotides 2. _______________ using original strand as template and spell checks ______________for errors. opposite directions 3. Copying happens in ________ along the two strands & in __________ multiple places at on ...
... Hydrogen bonds that hold the strands together and unwind it. DNA polymerase joins nucleotides 2. _______________ using original strand as template and spell checks ______________for errors. opposite directions 3. Copying happens in ________ along the two strands & in __________ multiple places at on ...
Ch. 12 Quiz! Get Out A Piece of Paper!
... 14) Who proved that DNA, not protein, is the organic molecule that transfers information in living things a) Hershey and Chase b) Avery c) Watson and Crick d) Griffith ...
... 14) Who proved that DNA, not protein, is the organic molecule that transfers information in living things a) Hershey and Chase b) Avery c) Watson and Crick d) Griffith ...
CHAPTER 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE
... may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the R group. 15. Explain what determines protein structure and why it is important. 16. Explain how the primary structure of a protein is determined. 17. Name two types of secondary protein structure. Explain the role of hydrogen bo ...
... may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the R group. 15. Explain what determines protein structure and why it is important. 16. Explain how the primary structure of a protein is determined. 17. Name two types of secondary protein structure. Explain the role of hydrogen bo ...
Protein Synthesis Overview
... (nucleolus) of a cell • Associates with proteins to form ribosomes • Site of protein Synthesis ...
... (nucleolus) of a cell • Associates with proteins to form ribosomes • Site of protein Synthesis ...
Slajd 1
... 2. Melting Temperature (Tm) for each primer = 50 – 65ºC. 3. Difference between Tm of primers max. 5ºC. 4. Primers should not contain 4 consecutive G/C residues. The last nucleotide at the 3’-end of the primer should be C/G. 5. Optimize concentration of forward and reverse primers to be used 6. Prime ...
... 2. Melting Temperature (Tm) for each primer = 50 – 65ºC. 3. Difference between Tm of primers max. 5ºC. 4. Primers should not contain 4 consecutive G/C residues. The last nucleotide at the 3’-end of the primer should be C/G. 5. Optimize concentration of forward and reverse primers to be used 6. Prime ...
Biology 303 EXAM III
... Here are some sample questions to help you prepare for Exam III. Your real exam will consist of 40 multiple choice questions as usual. As always, if you have a question, or if an answer seems wrong, please contact me. Questions marked with asterisks (*) are on material that WILL NOT be covered on yo ...
... Here are some sample questions to help you prepare for Exam III. Your real exam will consist of 40 multiple choice questions as usual. As always, if you have a question, or if an answer seems wrong, please contact me. Questions marked with asterisks (*) are on material that WILL NOT be covered on yo ...
SNUG DC Pamphlet Jan 2007
... off the proper genes at the correct time. Gene transcription is how our DNA gets translated into proteins, and ultimately into biological organisms. This work done by the 2006 Chemistry Nobel Prize Laureate Roger Kornberg at the SSRL and ALS synchrotrons shows the structural basis of this. This work ...
... off the proper genes at the correct time. Gene transcription is how our DNA gets translated into proteins, and ultimately into biological organisms. This work done by the 2006 Chemistry Nobel Prize Laureate Roger Kornberg at the SSRL and ALS synchrotrons shows the structural basis of this. This work ...
replicates
... Cells function according to the information contained in the master code of DNA (i.e., cell cycle, DNA to DNA, and DNA to RNA). ...
... Cells function according to the information contained in the master code of DNA (i.e., cell cycle, DNA to DNA, and DNA to RNA). ...
Encoding Amino Acids • mRNA codes for amino acids
... • mRNA codes for amino acids, which combine to form proteins o But in what way does RNA encode amino acids? • There are 4 RNA nucleotides • Clearly, each nucleotide cannot encode a different amino acid o After all, there are only 4 RNA nucleotides and 20 amino acids • Similarly, suppose we tried usi ...
... • mRNA codes for amino acids, which combine to form proteins o But in what way does RNA encode amino acids? • There are 4 RNA nucleotides • Clearly, each nucleotide cannot encode a different amino acid o After all, there are only 4 RNA nucleotides and 20 amino acids • Similarly, suppose we tried usi ...
Bio Sem I review
... DNA is arranged in a double helix – has 2 strands and twists like a ladder Replication – process in which DNA makes a copy of itself – it unzips and free bases attach following the base pair rule. DNA holds the code for the making of proteins needed for life. Three bases in a row is a codon th ...
... DNA is arranged in a double helix – has 2 strands and twists like a ladder Replication – process in which DNA makes a copy of itself – it unzips and free bases attach following the base pair rule. DNA holds the code for the making of proteins needed for life. Three bases in a row is a codon th ...
DNA, chromosomes and Genes
... Sometimes a mutation may have no effect at all, other times it may be of benefit to the individual, but this is rare Interestingly, the Human Genome Project reveled we all have mutations in our DNA sequence which do not affect the phenotype!! Occurs at a very low rate: about 1 in 1mil bases. UV radi ...
... Sometimes a mutation may have no effect at all, other times it may be of benefit to the individual, but this is rare Interestingly, the Human Genome Project reveled we all have mutations in our DNA sequence which do not affect the phenotype!! Occurs at a very low rate: about 1 in 1mil bases. UV radi ...
Chapter 20 DNA Metabolism Gene: A segment of DNA or RNA that
... Replisome: A complex of proteins involved in DNA replication. It consists of: Helicases: Use ATP to dissociate DNA strands. Topoisomerases: Relieve topological stress due to strand separation. ...
... Replisome: A complex of proteins involved in DNA replication. It consists of: Helicases: Use ATP to dissociate DNA strands. Topoisomerases: Relieve topological stress due to strand separation. ...
Agilent 101: An Introduction to Microarrays and Genomics
... tell the ribosome to start or stop making a protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are assembled by the ribosome according to the instruction specified by the messenger RNA. The code to specify a human being is a spiral staircase of DNA with about 3 billion steps, less than a g ...
... tell the ribosome to start or stop making a protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are assembled by the ribosome according to the instruction specified by the messenger RNA. The code to specify a human being is a spiral staircase of DNA with about 3 billion steps, less than a g ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.