• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Answers to Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: First
Answers to Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: First

... E14. Answer: A DNA library is a collection of recombinant vectors that contain different pieces of DNA from a source of chromosomal DNA. Because it is a diverse collection of many different DNA pieces, the name library seems appropriate. E15. Answer: It would be necessary to use cDNA so that the gen ...
Lecture 1 - Columbus Labs
Lecture 1 - Columbus Labs

... 1. Choose as class topic, find a recent article in the scientific literature, and review the findings in two pages(worth 25 pts). Be sure to cite your sources 2. Exam 1: The extra credit question will be about the “The Double Helix” and worth 10 pts. 3. Exam 2: The extra credit question will be a qu ...
AP Biology The
AP Biology The

... AP Biology ...
Short Exam Questions
Short Exam Questions

... 91. Protein synthesis involves both transcription and translation. 1. Where in a cell does transcription occur? 2. What type of RNA is involved in transcription? 3. In what organelle does translation occur? 4. What must happen to the newly formed protein before it can begin to work? 92. When a pure- ...
Genetics
Genetics

... Most figured protein.” Binary letters vs the alpabet “ ...
Organic Macromolecules
Organic Macromolecules

... Organic Macromolecules • Nucleic Acids – Nucleic acid function – DNA is genetic material of all organisms and of many viruses – Cells replicate and pass on DNA to their descendants – RNA helps synthesize proteins ...
Final Exam Bio 101 Sp08
Final Exam Bio 101 Sp08

... e. 180 67. Insertions or deletions of nucleotides in a gene usually cause what type of mutation in the protein? a. run-on b. silent c. frameshift d. early stop e. missense 68. Polymerase chain reaction refers to the process where: a. gene is inserted into bacteria and protein is then harvested from ...
nitrogen bases
nitrogen bases

... two strands. The nitrogen bases are now unpaired because they are separated from their complements. • STEP 2: DNA polymerase adds free nucleotides to the unpaired bases and new bonds form • STEP 3: DNA polymerase checks for and corrects errors in the base pairing. • END RESULT: Two identical molecul ...
Amino Acids Worksheet and Problem Set
Amino Acids Worksheet and Problem Set

... fully protonated structure to a fully unprotonated structure. Chapter 3.4: Use Aspartic Acid and Leucine and form a peptide bond between them: Using the structure above show how the peptide bond can have resonance: Chapter 3.5: N/A Do not need to read ...
Name - LEMA
Name - LEMA

... Manipulating DNA Since the 1970s, techniques have been developed that allow scientists to cut, separate, and replicate DNA base-by-base. Using these tools, scientists can read the base sequences in DNA from any cell. Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller pieces, called restriction fragments, whi ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Hannon, G. J., & Rossi, J. J. (2004). Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference. Nature , 371-378. Juliano, R., Alam, R., Dixit, V., & Kang, H. (2008). Mechanisms and strategies for effective delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Research , 1-14.  ...
Anticancer Antibiotics
Anticancer Antibiotics

chromosome
chromosome

Chapter 3 Review Guide
Chapter 3 Review Guide

... o aliphatics = no benzene ring (still only C and H)  Alkane = aliphatic with all single bonds  Alkene = one double bond  Alkyne = one triple bond FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - give a compound its characteristics - attach to hydrocarbons - recognize pictures of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydry ...
NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM

Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the
Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the

... 1) Molecular classification of unknown individuals to identified taxa. (e.g. the field barcoder) 2) Discovery of previously unknown species. (e.g. cryptic species) ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... – Genes can be cut at specific DNA sequences by proteins known as Restriction Enzymes ...
A1985ATY5200001
A1985ATY5200001

... the recognition that genes could be split by recombination and mutant sites arranged in a linear order; second, that recombination could be nonreciprocal (gene conversion) as well as reciprocal; and third, that DNA has a double-helix structure. At the time it was widely believed that recombination m ...
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 2 Questions Multiple
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 2 Questions Multiple

... is free to mutate. The latter will most likely acquire deleterious mutations and degenerate to become a ____3_____. If duplication occurs at the genome level, the ______3______ will often be located close to the parent gene. It may contain copies of the full length sequence of the parent gene (inclu ...
The Process of Transcription-2
The Process of Transcription-2

... bottom of the tube? – Mass, density, and shape (which affects friction) • Example: supercoiled DNA moves faster than relaxed DNA. – Because of these factors, S units are not additive • 50S + 30S prokaryotic subunits make a 70S ribosome. ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

... During transcription, one of the two DNA strands called the template strand provides a template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 11. __________is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. 12. _________ is the pH at which the analyte is neither negative nor positively charged. 13. Transporter of free fatty acids is the serum ___________. 14. _________________interactions are also referred as Salt linkages or ionic bonds. 15. E ...
Gene regulation in Eukaryotes Control of Transcription in
Gene regulation in Eukaryotes Control of Transcription in

... control elements ...
Predicted Existence of Messenger RNA: The Operon Model Until
Predicted Existence of Messenger RNA: The Operon Model Until

... activities of these cells changes with time. How do these cells know which gene products are needed and when they are needed or not needed? This question as it applied to large, complex organisms like humans was very daunting for scientists in the first half of the 20th century. Francois Jacob and J ...
Introduction and Review
Introduction and Review

... Transcription requires nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs; ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) as raw materials Nascent RNA strand synthesis (elongation) occurs only in the 5’  3’ direction, with new nucleotides added to the 3’ end of the nascent strand Transcription is catalyzed by DNA-directed RNA polymerases ...
< 1 ... 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 ... 1036 >

Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report