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ST.25 - WIPO
ST.25 - WIPO

... (ii) sequences which are included are any unbranched sequences of four or more amino acids or unbranched sequences of ten or more nucleotides. Branched sequences, sequences with fewer than four specifically defined nucleotides or amino acids as well as sequences comprising nucleotides or amino acids ...
Click 1
Click 1

... Serine proteases are characterized by the presence of a serine group in their active site. They are numerous and widespread among viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotes, suggesting that they are vital to the organisms. Serine proteases are found in the exopeptidase, endopeptidase, oligopeptidase, and ome ...
ppt file
ppt file

... Tyr Y ...
Carbon isotope analysis of bulk keratin and single amino acids from
Carbon isotope analysis of bulk keratin and single amino acids from

Base-pair neutral homozygotes can be discriminated by calibrated
Base-pair neutral homozygotes can be discriminated by calibrated

Design-O-Saur - Beyond Benign
Design-O-Saur - Beyond Benign

...  Decode provided information to build a genetically unique dinosaur.  Understand that this is a model that could be used to look at human genetics  Understand gene sequences and the results of these sequences Materials:  Clay – model magic works very well  Student sheets Time needed: 1 x 45-60 ...
CWS/5/7 Rev.1 ADD (in Spanish)
CWS/5/7 Rev.1 ADD (in Spanish)

... comments on Standard ST.26 issued by the USPTO, EPO, and JPO, applicants expressed concern as to whether Standard ST.26 would require addition or deletion of any information in a sequence listing submitted as part of an international application that may not be supported by an earlier ST.25 sequence ...
Gene Section RAD52 (RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section RAD52 (RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Shibata T, Yokoyama S. Crystal structure of the homologous-pairing domain from the human Rad52 recombinase in the undecameric form. Mol Cell. 2002 ...
Metabolism of BCAAs
Metabolism of BCAAs

... is the efficiency of the enzyme reaction and is determined by the Kcat (maximum rate at which an enzyme can function) divided by the Km (the rate of substrate-enzyme interaction) [18]. Enzymatic characteristics of BCATc and BCATm: There are many unique features of BCAT enzymes, one of which is a red ...
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

...  Peptides are always written with the N-terminal amino acid (the one with the free NH2 group) on the left and the C-terminal amino acid (the one with the free CO2H group) on the right  Alanylserine is abbreviated Ala-Ser (or A-S), and serylalanine is abbreviated Ser-Ala (or S-A) Based on McMurry ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA

... acyltransferase family. However, the recent report of the 3-D structures of CrAT and COT has provided valuable insights into the molecular basis of substrate specificity and catalytic activity in the acyltransferase family (Jogl 2003, Jogl 2005). ...
Lipid Breakdown - Rose
Lipid Breakdown - Rose

... the case of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, the carbonyl of the thioester is moved from the branched αcarbon to the methyl carbon. Although the cobalamin ring structure is similar in general appearance to the porphyrin structure of heme and chlorophyll, cobalamin contains a corrin ring, not a porphyrin. ...
Chapter 1 - Institut Montefiore
Chapter 1 - Institut Montefiore

... Reading the code • Because there are only 20 amino acids that need to be coded, the genetic code can be said to be degenerate, with the third position often being redundant • Depending on the starting point of reading, there are three possible variants to translate a given base sequence into an amin ...
ppt
ppt

... energy generation pathway for cells This involves many tertiary protein structures. For instance, Complex III is a quaternary ...
mutations
mutations

... Sickle cell disease is a disorder associated with changes in the shape of red blood cells. Normal red blood cells are round. Sickle cells appear long and pointed. Sickle cell disease is caused by a point mutation in one of the polypeptides found in hemoglobin, the blood’s principal oxygencarrying pr ...
Unit 1 Life Processes and Biochemistry
Unit 1 Life Processes and Biochemistry

... A nucleotide has 3 parts! ...
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology

... Proteins are marked for destruction by the addition of a small molecule called ubiquitin on exposed lysine residues ...
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of

Multiple domain structure in a chitinase gene (chic)
Multiple domain structure in a chitinase gene (chic)

Post-PCR sterilization: a method to control carryover contamination
Post-PCR sterilization: a method to control carryover contamination

... last decade, quantum developments in this field resulted from the introduction of automated DNA synthesizers. Short, synthetic oligonucleotides provided new tools for the advancement of cloning techniques, the creation of allele-specific hybridization protocols and, most importantly, template-depend ...
Ab Initio Modeling of Biological Systems - Psi-k
Ab Initio Modeling of Biological Systems - Psi-k

... However, there are many areas in which the use of effective potentials may be not appropriate, and more sophisticated and accurate approaches are required. An alternative is offered by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). AIMD in the Born-Oppheneimer approximation can be efficiently performed using ...
PPT - Glasnost
PPT - Glasnost

... `Yeast' has a gene count of 6000 `Thale cress' has a gene count of 26000 -----------------------------------------------------------`Fruit fly' has a gene count of 13000 `Human' has a gene count of 31000 `Nematode worm' has a gene count of 18000 `Thale cress' has a gene count of 26000 `Tuberculosis ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).

... a G-quartet; in essence, a complex stemloop element that folds back on itself to form non-canonical (Hoogsteen) base– base interactions. Such complex elements ...
Amplification of 16S rRNA Genes from Frankia Strains in Root
Amplification of 16S rRNA Genes from Frankia Strains in Root

... 1, plant associated with the indigenous flora of New Zealand; 2, introduced species. ...
Supplementary Text S1: Detailed PCR Protocols
Supplementary Text S1: Detailed PCR Protocols

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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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