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... in both cases resulting from recombination between the purple and vestigial genes. The combined number of recombinants comprises 15.2% of the progeny, and one concludes that the two genes are linked, and are 15.2 map units, or 15.2 centiMorgans apart. Answer 1.2 a) Mutations 1, 3 and 5 are in the sa ...
Biological Molecules Review KEY
Biological Molecules Review KEY

... process WATER molecules are removed) to form a POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN. The bonds so formed are called PEPTIDE BONDS. The sequence of amino acids is called the PRIMARY STRUCTURE. The SECONDARY STRUCTURE is often in the form of an alpha helix, which is due to HYDROGEN BONDING between amino acids in the cha ...
1. DNA SEQUENCER (Applied Biosystems, 3730xl DNA Analyzer)
1. DNA SEQUENCER (Applied Biosystems, 3730xl DNA Analyzer)

Genomics Core, Dr. Yuannan Xia
Genomics Core, Dr. Yuannan Xia

... 2. Reversible Terminator Sequencing Chemistry Allow to incorporate only ONE nucleotide at each cycle Generate accurate (>99.5%) sequences: ...
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing

... Regents Biology with treatment can live past their late 20s ...
PartOneAnswers.doc
PartOneAnswers.doc

... in both cases resulting from recombination between the purple and vestigial genes. The combined number of recombinants comprises 15.2% of the progeny, and one concludes that the two genes are linked, and are 15.2 map units, or 15.2 centiMorgans apart. Answer 1.2 a) Mutations 1, 3 and 5 are in the sa ...
E. coli - Sonoma Valley High School
E. coli - Sonoma Valley High School

... Samples from the restriction enzyme digests are introduced into the gel. Electric current is applied causing fragments to migrate through the gel. ...
MOLECULES OF LIFE
MOLECULES OF LIFE

... they catalyze. b. increase the activation energy of the reactions they catalyze. ...
Day6
Day6

... time, this process may repeat itself, so that at any time, each population can be said to be most closelyrelated to some other population with which it shares a direct common ancestor. ...
1 - marric
1 - marric

... 14. Using DNA sequencing, you discover that a bacterium has experienced a deletion mutation that removed three nucleotides. The bacterium appears completely unaffected in all its functions. Where is the mostly likely location for the mutation? Introns, or intervening sequences, which get processed o ...
(a) Explain the principles which biologists use to classify organisms
(a) Explain the principles which biologists use to classify organisms

... hunted. By 1910, the total population had fallen to under 100. All these seals lived in a single colony on one island. Hunting then stopped. Numbers increased and there are now approximately 150 000 seals living in many different colonies. Use this information to explain (i) ...
Lecture 6 - EukDNAexpression2007 - Cal State LA
Lecture 6 - EukDNAexpression2007 - Cal State LA

... viral single stranded binding protein, and two host cell transcription factors that the virus borrows to assist in its replication.  All viral DNA synthesis is continuous.  The host cell factors bind to and alter the conformation of the 3’ end of the DNA to promote binding of the viral DNA polymer ...
Comprehension Questions Key
Comprehension Questions Key

... radioactive dNTPS that end a DNA sequence 3. Describe the process of automated DNA sequencing. COI DNA is put in two test tubes (one with forward primers and one with reverse primers), PCR process is completed with addition of fluorescent nucleotides, sample is run on a gel to separate fragments by ...
Material acidos, carbonilicos geral
Material acidos, carbonilicos geral

... Claisen Condensation. Four examples of this base-induced reaction, which usually forms beta-ketoester products, are shown in the following diagram. Greek letter assignments for the ester products are given in blue. Equation #1 presents the synthesis of the important reagent ethyl acetoacetate, and # ...
Midterm Exam
Midterm Exam

... C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells. D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells. 27. Which base pairings a ...
Chapter 20b
Chapter 20b

... • Protegrin (pigs) • Magainin (frogs) ...
video slide - Human Anatomy
video slide - Human Anatomy

... potatoes and candy! Lipids like fat, butter, cream and olive oil (all other oils as well including motor oil) Proteins like steak, collagen (jello), hair and the machinery that runs your cellular metabolism Nucleic Acids – these are DNA and RNA which are responsible for storing information about how ...
SUMMARY Evidence 1s summarized showing that thymine methyls
SUMMARY Evidence 1s summarized showing that thymine methyls

... upstream from the -35 region to well past the transcription start site, and the -35 and -10 thymines are protected by bound RNA polymerase (18). Photochemical cleavage of the Jac UV5 promoter substituted with 5-BU has shown that at least 10 thymine methyls are covered by RNA polymerase (12,19). Thre ...
Document
Document

... 1. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lies within the matrix, it appears in highly condensed structure called nucleoids. The mtDNA of most cells does not reside in a single location. 2. The number of mitochondria, nucleoids, and mtDNA molecules are variable. The mechanisms are not yet understood. 3. Mitochon ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases

slides available - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering
slides available - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering

... associated with a guide RNA that docks the nuclease to a target gene through base complementarity. The base sequence of the guide RNA can be freely chosen, therefore the nuclease can be targeted to any target gene in the genome. ...
Biotechnology_S14
Biotechnology_S14

... 1. DNA from blood or other tissues is placed into a tube. Restriction • Restriction enzymes cut up DNA. If enzymes are also added to the tube. the DNA wasn’t cut up then there  Why do we add restriction enzymes to the DNA?  Do we add the same or different restriction enzymes to each setup? Why? 2. ...
FOXP2 and Speech
FOXP2 and Speech

... CQ#4: 13-deoxytedanolide is an antibiotic that binds to the E site of the ribosome. If 13-deoxytedanolide is added right before translation starts, which one of the statements is TRUE? A. Translation would not happen. B. Translation would not be affected. C. The end product carries a 13-deoxytedano ...
Antifungal Drugs
Antifungal Drugs

Questions
Questions

... one with two new strands and the other with two original each with one new strand and one original strand each with two original strands 6. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of alternating _______ and _____ groups. Hide answers nitrogen bases, phosphate enzymes, nitrogen deoxyribose sugar, p ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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