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Ratio of DNA Concentrations
Ratio of DNA Concentrations

... DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the nucleus of membrane-bound cells, which constitutes for nearly ever cell in a human’s body. To release DNA, the cell membranes must be lysed. The sugar and phosphate components l ...
Wet Chemical Etching
Wet Chemical Etching

... Base and noble Metal Etching: Energy, Entropy and Enthalpy Etching of metals can be described as the oxidation of the metal via protons donated by the H3O+ hereby reduced to hydrogen as follows: metal + H+ metal+ + H Concerning base metals, this reaction is always exothermic: Since base metals have ...
PHM 281N Pharmaceutical Biochemistry II
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Name: Pd.: ____ Section 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (p. 308
Name: Pd.: ____ Section 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (p. 308

... __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5. If T represents the allele for tall and t represents the allele for short and you cross a TT plant with a Tt plant: a. Which parent is homozygous dominant? _______________________ ...
Applications of RNA minimum free energy computations
Applications of RNA minimum free energy computations

... Clote, P., Ferrè, F., Kranakis, E., and Krizanc, D. (2005). Structural rna has lower folding energy than random RNA of the same dinucleotide frequency. RNA. in press. Coventry, A., Kleitman, D., and Berger, B. (2004). MSARi: Multiple sequence alignments for statistical detection of RNA secondary str ...
Unit 6 Cell Growth and Reproduction
Unit 6 Cell Growth and Reproduction

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Large-Scale Purification Of Plasmids pRIT4501 and - RIT

PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

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ist 480: molecular dioagnostics - MU BERT
ist 480: molecular dioagnostics - MU BERT

... announced in advance to allow for adequate preparation. The quizzes may vary in format and may include both multiple choice and short answer questions. Quizzes may not be made up for any reason. Lab Reports: Following the completion of each lab, students are required to submit a report of their find ...
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Supplementary Protocol for Manual, High

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Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells

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Microarray Protocol

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PROYECTO GENOMA HUMANO
PROYECTO GENOMA HUMANO

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AP Bio 11 Biotechnology - STaRT

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... Steroids structurally look very different from lipids, but are also water insoluble. They are made up of 4 Carbon ring molecules fused together. Examples: testosterone, estrogen, cholesterol, and vitamin D. Used as sex hormones ...
ist 480: molecular dioagnostics - MU BERT
ist 480: molecular dioagnostics - MU BERT

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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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