do similar communities develop in similar sites? a test
... Abstract. McCune and Allen (1985) asked the question ‘‘Will similar forests develop on similar sites?’’ and concluded that dissimilar old-growth forests had developed on similar sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop i ...
... Abstract. McCune and Allen (1985) asked the question ‘‘Will similar forests develop on similar sites?’’ and concluded that dissimilar old-growth forests had developed on similar sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop i ...
The ecological, economic and public health impacts of nuisance
... Some reviews regarding the worldwide biogeographic distribution of chironomids are available (Brundin 1966, Ashe et al. 1987); however, a recent comprehensive review of chironomid worldwide biogeography is not available (Armitage et al. 1995). Determining natural distributions of chironomids is diff ...
... Some reviews regarding the worldwide biogeographic distribution of chironomids are available (Brundin 1966, Ashe et al. 1987); however, a recent comprehensive review of chironomid worldwide biogeography is not available (Armitage et al. 1995). Determining natural distributions of chironomids is diff ...
From Causes to Consequences: Considering the Weight of Evidence
... flowering plants, commonly known as wildflowers), and shrubs. There are also grasshoppers, butterflies, ants, mice, snakes, ground squirrels, gophers, rabbits, foxes, and songbirds. Coyotes wander through from time to time, and hawks fly overhead. The mountain meadow community also includes inverteb ...
... flowering plants, commonly known as wildflowers), and shrubs. There are also grasshoppers, butterflies, ants, mice, snakes, ground squirrels, gophers, rabbits, foxes, and songbirds. Coyotes wander through from time to time, and hawks fly overhead. The mountain meadow community also includes inverteb ...
Integrative and Comparative Biology
... Synopsis The growing field of conservation physiology applies a diversity of physiological traits (e.g., immunological, metabolic, endocrine, and nutritional traits) to understand and predict organismal, population, and ecosystem responses to environmental change and stressors. Although the discipli ...
... Synopsis The growing field of conservation physiology applies a diversity of physiological traits (e.g., immunological, metabolic, endocrine, and nutritional traits) to understand and predict organismal, population, and ecosystem responses to environmental change and stressors. Although the discipli ...
Epizoic Bryozoans on Predatory Pycnogonids from the South
... bryozoans escape from competition for substratum space by erect growth (McKinney and Jackson 1989). However, many bryozoans are extremely effective at rapid colonization of young surfaces including the external surfaces of both sessile and motile hosts (Moore 1973; Soule and Soule 1977; Key et al. 1 ...
... bryozoans escape from competition for substratum space by erect growth (McKinney and Jackson 1989). However, many bryozoans are extremely effective at rapid colonization of young surfaces including the external surfaces of both sessile and motile hosts (Moore 1973; Soule and Soule 1977; Key et al. 1 ...
Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropic ...
... for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropic ...
Appendix 1: Parental Care and Egg Size References
... DeGraaf, R.M. & Rudis, D.D. 1983. Amphibians & Reptiles of New England Habitats & Natural History. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press. Deuchar, E.M. Xenopus: The South African Clawed Frog. Ann Arbor, Books on Demand. Dixon, J.R. & Rivero-Blanco, C. 1985. A new dendrobatid frog (Colostethus) ...
... DeGraaf, R.M. & Rudis, D.D. 1983. Amphibians & Reptiles of New England Habitats & Natural History. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press. Deuchar, E.M. Xenopus: The South African Clawed Frog. Ann Arbor, Books on Demand. Dixon, J.R. & Rivero-Blanco, C. 1985. A new dendrobatid frog (Colostethus) ...
The Ecosystem Role of Fishes in Lotic Environments
... To address these issues, I studied the ecosystem role of fishes in lotic environments. My specific research objectives included (1) quantifying migratory fish excretion and determining its importance to stream nutrient dynamics, (2) determining how two adfluvial salmonids affect different stream eco ...
... To address these issues, I studied the ecosystem role of fishes in lotic environments. My specific research objectives included (1) quantifying migratory fish excretion and determining its importance to stream nutrient dynamics, (2) determining how two adfluvial salmonids affect different stream eco ...
Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropic ...
... for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropic ...
30 years of the endangered species act
... Habitat destruction and excessive hunting were the primary culprits in the American alligator’s decline. ...
... Habitat destruction and excessive hunting were the primary culprits in the American alligator’s decline. ...
Influence of corallivory, competition, and habitat structure on coral
... interactions, including competition with other corals, invertebrates, and algae for space, nutrients, and light (Hughes 1994), predation by corallivores (Cole et al. 2008, Rotjan and Lewis 2008), indirect biotic disturbance from herbivores (Potts 1977), and disease (Aronson and Precht 2001), as well ...
... interactions, including competition with other corals, invertebrates, and algae for space, nutrients, and light (Hughes 1994), predation by corallivores (Cole et al. 2008, Rotjan and Lewis 2008), indirect biotic disturbance from herbivores (Potts 1977), and disease (Aronson and Precht 2001), as well ...
fluence benthic community assemblages in seagrass Examining how landscapes in
... Order Scolecida were most abundant (44.1%), followed by the following orders: Phyllodocida (28.5%), Spionida (10.3), Terebellida (7.8%), Eunicida (3.2%), and (Sabellida 0.7%). Sixteen species of fish were captured in trawl surveys conducted in shallow subtidal and intertidal habitats throughout Casco ...
... Order Scolecida were most abundant (44.1%), followed by the following orders: Phyllodocida (28.5%), Spionida (10.3), Terebellida (7.8%), Eunicida (3.2%), and (Sabellida 0.7%). Sixteen species of fish were captured in trawl surveys conducted in shallow subtidal and intertidal habitats throughout Casco ...
A FIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE DEFENSIVE RESPONSES OF
... Spodoptera exigua), and Pyralidae (1 Lamoria species). The noctuid Spodoptera exigua (n = 15) was the only medium-sized moth captured. Small moths included Noctuidae (9 Spodoptera exigua), Pyralidae: (1 Lamoria species), Tineidae, and 12 Microlepidoptera of several different species. We followed the ...
... Spodoptera exigua), and Pyralidae (1 Lamoria species). The noctuid Spodoptera exigua (n = 15) was the only medium-sized moth captured. Small moths included Noctuidae (9 Spodoptera exigua), Pyralidae: (1 Lamoria species), Tineidae, and 12 Microlepidoptera of several different species. We followed the ...
Species interactions in a changing environment: elevated CO evolutionary consequences of competition
... et al., 2005; Dybzinski and Tilman, 2007). It is plausible that these ecological patterns have evolutionary analogues: that selection is stronger when plants compete with similar competitors and that resource availability affects the intensity of selection on size and other traits that mediate compe ...
... et al., 2005; Dybzinski and Tilman, 2007). It is plausible that these ecological patterns have evolutionary analogues: that selection is stronger when plants compete with similar competitors and that resource availability affects the intensity of selection on size and other traits that mediate compe ...
RRA proof-1
... sculpin (Cottus spp.) in a small forest stream following recolonization by juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management, 30(3), 360-371. ...
... sculpin (Cottus spp.) in a small forest stream following recolonization by juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Rivers Research and Applications: an international journal devoted to river research and management, 30(3), 360-371. ...
Parasites, density, and disturbance: Factors influencing coexistence
... on C. californica include selecting for early maturation in areas of high prevalence (Lafferty 1993b ), decreased reproductive output, reduced growth rates, and increased mortality (Sousa 1983, Sousa and Gleason 1989, Lafferty 1993a); similar studies have not been conducted for B. attramentaria. Dif ...
... on C. californica include selecting for early maturation in areas of high prevalence (Lafferty 1993b ), decreased reproductive output, reduced growth rates, and increased mortality (Sousa 1983, Sousa and Gleason 1989, Lafferty 1993a); similar studies have not been conducted for B. attramentaria. Dif ...
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... sent we hope that this refinement is as efficient as if the more strict requirements had been known at the start. In general, we ask whether it is possible to interrupt a transmission at any time without loss of optimality. An example of successive refinement might be image compression in which one ...
... sent we hope that this refinement is as efficient as if the more strict requirements had been known at the start. In general, we ask whether it is possible to interrupt a transmission at any time without loss of optimality. An example of successive refinement might be image compression in which one ...
environmental filtering of enzymatic activities
... oaks, and involving diverse Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (Courty et al. 2010; van der Heijden et al. 2015). Their morpho-anatomy is variable, especially in the extension of the hyphal network surrounding root tips (=extramatrical mycelium; Agerer 2001). As other fungi, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi re ...
... oaks, and involving diverse Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (Courty et al. 2010; van der Heijden et al. 2015). Their morpho-anatomy is variable, especially in the extension of the hyphal network surrounding root tips (=extramatrical mycelium; Agerer 2001). As other fungi, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi re ...
IOTC–2016–WPEB12-35
... This work provides the first study of depredation in the Portuguese pelagic longline fleet in the southern of Indian Ocean, compiled by fisheries observers on board commercial longline vessels. The results presented are an important contribution to the study of depredation events in the Indian Ocean ...
... This work provides the first study of depredation in the Portuguese pelagic longline fleet in the southern of Indian Ocean, compiled by fisheries observers on board commercial longline vessels. The results presented are an important contribution to the study of depredation events in the Indian Ocean ...
The Chemical Ecology of Predatory Soil Bacteria
... biosynthetic repertoire of the producing organisms. Myxobacteria represent one of the most common and diverse groups of bacteria, with roughly 2500 strains publically available. Fed largely through predation, the myxobacteria have developed a large repertoire of natural products that target other mi ...
... biosynthetic repertoire of the producing organisms. Myxobacteria represent one of the most common and diverse groups of bacteria, with roughly 2500 strains publically available. Fed largely through predation, the myxobacteria have developed a large repertoire of natural products that target other mi ...
Living with Cougars
... • Cougars locate their dens on ledges, in tree hollows on steep slopes, under fallen logs, and in between rocks; they keep their dens free of bones and other litter. • Cougars have ranges up to 300 square kilometres; they may roam up to 80 kilometres in a single day. • Cougars mark their territor ...
... • Cougars locate their dens on ledges, in tree hollows on steep slopes, under fallen logs, and in between rocks; they keep their dens free of bones and other litter. • Cougars have ranges up to 300 square kilometres; they may roam up to 80 kilometres in a single day. • Cougars mark their territor ...
Functional niche partitioning in herbivorous coral reef fishes
... Ecological niche theory predicts that the diversity of life hinges on differences in the ways in which species exploit available resources, i.e. their ecological niche. An organism’s niche can be divided into the fundamental and the realized niche. The fundamental niche refers to a species’ inherent ...
... Ecological niche theory predicts that the diversity of life hinges on differences in the ways in which species exploit available resources, i.e. their ecological niche. An organism’s niche can be divided into the fundamental and the realized niche. The fundamental niche refers to a species’ inherent ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.