![](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008906828_1-982e33359a9ceba333790520a82d69d6-300x300.png)
$doc.title
... Fundamental research needs to be initiated to obtain a better understanding of the functional role that jackals play in ecosystems. ...
... Fundamental research needs to be initiated to obtain a better understanding of the functional role that jackals play in ecosystems. ...
Evaluation Sourcebook - University of Michigan School of Natural
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
... The Evaluation Sourcebook draws on the experience of many on-theground ecosystem and community-based projects, as well as the extensive literature on ecological, social and organizational evaluation. It is designed to help you clarify and communicate what you are trying to achieve and to measure pro ...
Cleaning symbioses from the parasites` perspective
... interactions are a significant component of ecological communities and raise fundamental questions. For example, given that such interactions are inherently unstable, how is it that the species co-exist? Understanding how the responses of the organisms, for example defence against predators, influen ...
... interactions are a significant component of ecological communities and raise fundamental questions. For example, given that such interactions are inherently unstable, how is it that the species co-exist? Understanding how the responses of the organisms, for example defence against predators, influen ...
accepted manuscript
... Please cite this article as: Ripley, J.L., Foran, C.M., Influence of estuarine hypoxia on feeding and sound production by two sympatric pipefish species (Syngnathidae), Marine Environmental Research (2006), doi: 10.1016/ j.marenvres.2006.10.003 ...
... Please cite this article as: Ripley, J.L., Foran, C.M., Influence of estuarine hypoxia on feeding and sound production by two sympatric pipefish species (Syngnathidae), Marine Environmental Research (2006), doi: 10.1016/ j.marenvres.2006.10.003 ...
Trophic roles of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates among
... phytoplankton species was M~crocystisaerugjnosa (Cyanophyceae), toxin produced by the alga possibly affected growth of protozoans. Not only HNF but also ciliates were important consumers of bacteria, and consumption of bacteria by ciliates varied at the same level as that of HNF from August to Octob ...
... phytoplankton species was M~crocystisaerugjnosa (Cyanophyceae), toxin produced by the alga possibly affected growth of protozoans. Not only HNF but also ciliates were important consumers of bacteria, and consumption of bacteria by ciliates varied at the same level as that of HNF from August to Octob ...
Ecology and Evolution of Swimming Performance in Fishes
... coupled locomotor systems—that is, cases in which the same morphological structures are used for propulsion during both steady and unsteady swimming. While this scenario applies to the great majority of fish because it is virtually impossible to completely decouple all propulsors, some species have ...
... coupled locomotor systems—that is, cases in which the same morphological structures are used for propulsion during both steady and unsteady swimming. While this scenario applies to the great majority of fish because it is virtually impossible to completely decouple all propulsors, some species have ...
Parasitoids of European Butterflies
... Parasitoids of butterflies fall into two insect orders, Diptera and Hymenoptera. In both cases the adults are free-living and the larvae develop (whether solitarily or gregariously) by feeding on a single immature host which is killed as a result (cases of survival have occasionally been reported, es ...
... Parasitoids of butterflies fall into two insect orders, Diptera and Hymenoptera. In both cases the adults are free-living and the larvae develop (whether solitarily or gregariously) by feeding on a single immature host which is killed as a result (cases of survival have occasionally been reported, es ...
Effects of Introduced Bullfrogs and Smallmouth Bass on Microhabitat
... effects. For example, many organisms exhibit marked niche shifts and trophic level changes throughout their ontogeny. These ontogenetic shifts may influence interactions between species (Werner & Gilliam 1984; Stein et al. 1988; Olson et al. 1995). This may be especially true for many anuran amphibi ...
... effects. For example, many organisms exhibit marked niche shifts and trophic level changes throughout their ontogeny. These ontogenetic shifts may influence interactions between species (Werner & Gilliam 1984; Stein et al. 1988; Olson et al. 1995). This may be especially true for many anuran amphibi ...
Effect of hypoxia and anoxia on invertebrate behaviour: ecological
... Physiological and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia are the initial organismic responses (Grieshaber et al., 1994; Hagerman, 1998), and mortality the endpoint (Vaquer-Sunyer and Duarte, 2008; Riedel et al., 2012). Exposure to oxygen concentrations far above the lethal threshold already adversely affe ...
... Physiological and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia are the initial organismic responses (Grieshaber et al., 1994; Hagerman, 1998), and mortality the endpoint (Vaquer-Sunyer and Duarte, 2008; Riedel et al., 2012). Exposure to oxygen concentrations far above the lethal threshold already adversely affe ...
a simulation of the future of kakapo
... Kiore (Rattus exulans) and dogs (Canis familiaris) were introduced to New Zealand by the initial Polynesian settlers, and Norway and ship rats (Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus), cats (Felis catus), and three mustelids (stoats, Mustela erminea; ferrets, M. furo; and weasels, M. nivalis), were introduced ...
... Kiore (Rattus exulans) and dogs (Canis familiaris) were introduced to New Zealand by the initial Polynesian settlers, and Norway and ship rats (Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus), cats (Felis catus), and three mustelids (stoats, Mustela erminea; ferrets, M. furo; and weasels, M. nivalis), were introduced ...
The diet of the spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus in the
... European freshwater ecosystems [1-3]. Characteristics determining its competitive advantage in comparison with native species include: an r-strategist life cycle with faster reproduction and earlier maturation; a greater tolerance to polluted waters; and the ability to spread the crayfish plague pat ...
... European freshwater ecosystems [1-3]. Characteristics determining its competitive advantage in comparison with native species include: an r-strategist life cycle with faster reproduction and earlier maturation; a greater tolerance to polluted waters; and the ability to spread the crayfish plague pat ...
What can be learnt from a snail?
... for most of the studies of L. saxatilis, it is important to notice that additional ecotypes can be found, including snails that appear more or less intermediate to ‘named’ ecotypes (Reid 1996). In fact, it seems as whenever the species has established in a microhabitat with a specific combination of ...
... for most of the studies of L. saxatilis, it is important to notice that additional ecotypes can be found, including snails that appear more or less intermediate to ‘named’ ecotypes (Reid 1996). In fact, it seems as whenever the species has established in a microhabitat with a specific combination of ...
scale-dependent responses of plant biodiversity to nitrogen
... Abstract. Experimental studies demonstrating that nitrogen (N) enrichment reduces plant diversity within individual plots have led to the conclusion that anthropogenic N enrichment is a threat to global biodiversity. These conclusions overlook the influence of spatial scale, however, as N enrichment ...
... Abstract. Experimental studies demonstrating that nitrogen (N) enrichment reduces plant diversity within individual plots have led to the conclusion that anthropogenic N enrichment is a threat to global biodiversity. These conclusions overlook the influence of spatial scale, however, as N enrichment ...
Coral Zonation Article - People Server at UNCW
... Of the many definitions of the word ‘zone’, three are of great interest to reef ecologists. The first definition, listed in the Concise Oxford Dictionary, is ‘belt or girdle worn round the body . . . symbol of virginity’ - anevocative reflection on the webbing and lead belts worn by diving ecologist ...
... Of the many definitions of the word ‘zone’, three are of great interest to reef ecologists. The first definition, listed in the Concise Oxford Dictionary, is ‘belt or girdle worn round the body . . . symbol of virginity’ - anevocative reflection on the webbing and lead belts worn by diving ecologist ...
2002 Biodiversity Audit - Department of Parks and Wildlife
... biogeographical regions faced in 2002. The data and interpretations presented are based on first-hand experience. They were compiled from 53 subregional ‘synopsis reports’ prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s regional nature conservation staff. These synopses were compile ...
... biogeographical regions faced in 2002. The data and interpretations presented are based on first-hand experience. They were compiled from 53 subregional ‘synopsis reports’ prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s regional nature conservation staff. These synopses were compile ...
Ocinebrellus inornatus_Duckwall_2009
... were widespread throughout the west coast from Alaska to Baja California. During the gold rush they were quickly over harvested in San Francisco. Harvesting increased in the Puget Sound area and throughout Washington and oysters were shipped to California to meet the ...
... were widespread throughout the west coast from Alaska to Baja California. During the gold rush they were quickly over harvested in San Francisco. Harvesting increased in the Puget Sound area and throughout Washington and oysters were shipped to California to meet the ...
Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence
... phenotypic plasticity (resulting from local environmental heterogeneity: Kark et al. 2002), character shifts after local interspecific interactions (Schluter 2000, Day and Young 2004), and ontogenetic differences (Kramer and Bryant 1995) affect the type of resources that individuals (or individual o ...
... phenotypic plasticity (resulting from local environmental heterogeneity: Kark et al. 2002), character shifts after local interspecific interactions (Schluter 2000, Day and Young 2004), and ontogenetic differences (Kramer and Bryant 1995) affect the type of resources that individuals (or individual o ...
Stream Crossings - The Nature Conservancy
... embedded closed-bottom culverts. Crossings should allow for dry passage and provide comparable water depth and velocity conditions upstream and downstream. Temporary bridges may be used if they are able to withstand the anticipated traffic load. Fords should be avoided, especially when sensitive spe ...
... embedded closed-bottom culverts. Crossings should allow for dry passage and provide comparable water depth and velocity conditions upstream and downstream. Temporary bridges may be used if they are able to withstand the anticipated traffic load. Fords should be avoided, especially when sensitive spe ...
moving towards ecological farming
... industry is essential (Abrol 2012). Grain crops like wheat, rice and corn, which make up a large part of global human diets, are mostly pollinated by wind and are not affected by pollinating insects. However, yields of many other plant species either rely upon or benefit from cross-pollination by be ...
... industry is essential (Abrol 2012). Grain crops like wheat, rice and corn, which make up a large part of global human diets, are mostly pollinated by wind and are not affected by pollinating insects. However, yields of many other plant species either rely upon or benefit from cross-pollination by be ...
Interspecific Competition Between Two Invasive Species of
... combinations) as factors. For analyses of ⬘ for A. aegypti, no transformation yielded data that met the assumptions of normality and homogeneous variance. Therefore, randomization ANOVA (Manly 1991a,b) was used for the analyses of ⬘ for A. aegypti. Because conclusions of least squares ANOVA and ra ...
... combinations) as factors. For analyses of ⬘ for A. aegypti, no transformation yielded data that met the assumptions of normality and homogeneous variance. Therefore, randomization ANOVA (Manly 1991a,b) was used for the analyses of ⬘ for A. aegypti. Because conclusions of least squares ANOVA and ra ...
Prairie Ecosystem Management - Alberta Prairie Conservation Forum
... probably bison, ground squirrels and badgers. Today, cultivation is by far the dominant agent. In the 1700’s, for example, the pattern of wallows and mounds in the prairie ecosystem was small, irregular patches that were widely scattered. These disturbances were ephemeral as animals moved about the ...
... probably bison, ground squirrels and badgers. Today, cultivation is by far the dominant agent. In the 1700’s, for example, the pattern of wallows and mounds in the prairie ecosystem was small, irregular patches that were widely scattered. These disturbances were ephemeral as animals moved about the ...
Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance on Cordyline
... and their life history characteristics and frequency of tree occupancy on the three phylogenetic groups. . ..................................................................................................................................146 Table 5.4 Minimum adequate model statistics resulting from ...
... and their life history characteristics and frequency of tree occupancy on the three phylogenetic groups. . ..................................................................................................................................146 Table 5.4 Minimum adequate model statistics resulting from ...
Important Bird Areas of the Caribbean Netherlands
... The Important Bird Area (IBA) programme is an initiative of BirdLife International aimed at identifying, monitoring and protecting a network of key sites for the conservation of the world's birds. On the islands, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius (Statia) and Saba, nine IBAs have been designated in recent yea ...
... The Important Bird Area (IBA) programme is an initiative of BirdLife International aimed at identifying, monitoring and protecting a network of key sites for the conservation of the world's birds. On the islands, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius (Statia) and Saba, nine IBAs have been designated in recent yea ...
MOVING TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL FARMING
... industry is essential (Abrol 2012). Grain crops like wheat, rice and corn, which make up a large part of global human diets, are mostly pollinated by wind and are not affected by pollinating insects. However, yields of many other plant species either rely upon or benefit from cross-pollination by be ...
... industry is essential (Abrol 2012). Grain crops like wheat, rice and corn, which make up a large part of global human diets, are mostly pollinated by wind and are not affected by pollinating insects. However, yields of many other plant species either rely upon or benefit from cross-pollination by be ...
Theoretical ecology
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FoodWeb.jpg?width=300)
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.