An Activity Guide for Intermediate Elementary
... Benchmark B: Analyze plant and animal structures and functions needed for survival and describe the flow of energy through a system that all organisms use to survive. Indicators: Grade 3 2. Relate animal structures to their specific survival functions (e.g., obtaining food, escaping or hiding fro ...
... Benchmark B: Analyze plant and animal structures and functions needed for survival and describe the flow of energy through a system that all organisms use to survive. Indicators: Grade 3 2. Relate animal structures to their specific survival functions (e.g., obtaining food, escaping or hiding fro ...
chapter ii nest-site selection and reproductive
... number of individual mice caught within the same area around artificial nest sites (Schmidt & Ostfeld 2003b). Further work by Schmidt et al. (2006) examined if smallscale mouse activity (sub-territory level) affected veery (Catharus fuscescens) nest success and nest-site selection using nests that w ...
... number of individual mice caught within the same area around artificial nest sites (Schmidt & Ostfeld 2003b). Further work by Schmidt et al. (2006) examined if smallscale mouse activity (sub-territory level) affected veery (Catharus fuscescens) nest success and nest-site selection using nests that w ...
Dung beetle communities in Madagascar
... case study comes from Malaysia, where Sakai and Inoue (1999) found that dung beetles pollinated Orchidanta species (Lowiaceae). Dung beetles were attracted to the dung–like odour of the orchids, though the flower did not reward the pollinating beetle by nectar or by other nutrition. How humans affec ...
... case study comes from Malaysia, where Sakai and Inoue (1999) found that dung beetles pollinated Orchidanta species (Lowiaceae). Dung beetles were attracted to the dung–like odour of the orchids, though the flower did not reward the pollinating beetle by nectar or by other nutrition. How humans affec ...
Willow-characterised shrub vegetation in tundra and its relation to
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
... years 2007–2008 I was offered a possibility to work at the Botanical museum of Helsinki. During this time Teuvo Ahti helped me with lichen identication and Henry Väre with willow specimens. When staying in Rovaniemi, I was offered accommodation and laboratory facilities by the Finnish Forest Resear ...
Genetic structure of the Daphnia longispina complex in European
... (summarised in Seda & Petrusek 2011). They are common and geographically widespread almost all over the world. Their body size is species-dependent (mm ranges), large enough to be handled individually but small enough for large-scale experiments. Daphnia are easy to culture, can be easily kept in th ...
... (summarised in Seda & Petrusek 2011). They are common and geographically widespread almost all over the world. Their body size is species-dependent (mm ranges), large enough to be handled individually but small enough for large-scale experiments. Daphnia are easy to culture, can be easily kept in th ...
Attack risk for butterflies changes with eyespot number and size
... wings that lacked visible eyespots [11]. The intimidation hypothesis is often explained via two nonexclusive mechanisms: the eye-mimicry and the conspicuous-signal mechanisms [3]. In the eye-mimicry mechanism, eyespots are believed to deter predation through their resemblance to the eyes of predator ...
... wings that lacked visible eyespots [11]. The intimidation hypothesis is often explained via two nonexclusive mechanisms: the eye-mimicry and the conspicuous-signal mechanisms [3]. In the eye-mimicry mechanism, eyespots are believed to deter predation through their resemblance to the eyes of predator ...
Stable isotope analyses of benthic organisms in Lake Baikal
... Lake Baikal is located in the central part of southern Siberia (52◦–56◦ N, 104◦ –110◦ E) at an altitude of 455.6 m above sea level. The lake is 635 km long and has a breadth of 80 km across at its widest point, covering an area of 31 500 km2 . Lake Baikal is unique in several ways. Firstly, it is th ...
... Lake Baikal is located in the central part of southern Siberia (52◦–56◦ N, 104◦ –110◦ E) at an altitude of 455.6 m above sea level. The lake is 635 km long and has a breadth of 80 km across at its widest point, covering an area of 31 500 km2 . Lake Baikal is unique in several ways. Firstly, it is th ...
Cod predation on polar cod under warming conditions in the Barents
... • Increased temperature= thermal habitat • Changes in prey: zooplankton species composition and production • Changes in predators : cod/other predators • fishing is currently negligible Do you have recommendations to modeling potential future species range changes as a result of these stressors; dev ...
... • Increased temperature= thermal habitat • Changes in prey: zooplankton species composition and production • Changes in predators : cod/other predators • fishing is currently negligible Do you have recommendations to modeling potential future species range changes as a result of these stressors; dev ...
Functional diversity - Centre d`étude de la forêt
... Choosing which traits to include in a particular measure of functional diversity will depend on the specific aims of a particular study. Quantitative methods for choosing traits and for assigning weighting to traits are being developed, but need much more work before we can be confident about trait ...
... Choosing which traits to include in a particular measure of functional diversity will depend on the specific aims of a particular study. Quantitative methods for choosing traits and for assigning weighting to traits are being developed, but need much more work before we can be confident about trait ...
Ecosystem services provided by bats
... critical for human and ecosystem health.1,6 In their present form, bats have been on Earth for over 52 million years7 and during this period have diversified into at least 1,232 extant species.8,9 Bats have evolved an incredibly rich diversity of behavioral, roosting, and feeding habits.10,11 By day ...
... critical for human and ecosystem health.1,6 In their present form, bats have been on Earth for over 52 million years7 and during this period have diversified into at least 1,232 extant species.8,9 Bats have evolved an incredibly rich diversity of behavioral, roosting, and feeding habits.10,11 By day ...
Incorporating natural enemy units into a dynamic
... total number of individuals of natural enemy species i observed on one plant and Vi is the average voracity of natural enemy species i divided by 100. The underlying model for A. glycines population growth33 is Nt = N0 ert ...
... total number of individuals of natural enemy species i observed on one plant and Vi is the average voracity of natural enemy species i divided by 100. The underlying model for A. glycines population growth33 is Nt = N0 ert ...
Epipelagic and mesopelagic fishes in the southern California
... We also created several aggregate abundance indices to examine the potential interactions of particular trophic levels and ecological groups, based on the sum of the log-transformed larval abundances of mesopelagic vertical migrators, non-migratory planktivores, and non-migratory piscivorous fishes. ...
... We also created several aggregate abundance indices to examine the potential interactions of particular trophic levels and ecological groups, based on the sum of the log-transformed larval abundances of mesopelagic vertical migrators, non-migratory planktivores, and non-migratory piscivorous fishes. ...
Naive Prey versus Nonnative Predators
... short distances. Visual cues become nearly ineffective for nocturnal organisms or those that live in structurally complex or turbid environments. Additionally, the distance at which an individual may rely on visual information is directly related to the size of the eye (Abrahams 2006). In aquatic sy ...
... short distances. Visual cues become nearly ineffective for nocturnal organisms or those that live in structurally complex or turbid environments. Additionally, the distance at which an individual may rely on visual information is directly related to the size of the eye (Abrahams 2006). In aquatic sy ...
MB_18_win
... • Summarize the role of producers in an ecosystem. • Identify several kinds of consumers in an ecosystem. • Explain the important role of decomposers in an ecosystem. • Compare the concept of a food chain with that of a food web. • Explain why ecosystems usually contain only a few trophic levels. ...
... • Summarize the role of producers in an ecosystem. • Identify several kinds of consumers in an ecosystem. • Explain the important role of decomposers in an ecosystem. • Compare the concept of a food chain with that of a food web. • Explain why ecosystems usually contain only a few trophic levels. ...
Leaf structure and anatomy as related to leaf mass per area
... points avoided both regions. A part of the lamina beside the mid rib that included minor veins, was drawn, including the contours of each tissue. Then, the whole area and those occupied by each tissue were measured from the drawing using a Delta-T leaf area meter and corrected for the scale. The tis ...
... points avoided both regions. A part of the lamina beside the mid rib that included minor veins, was drawn, including the contours of each tissue. Then, the whole area and those occupied by each tissue were measured from the drawing using a Delta-T leaf area meter and corrected for the scale. The tis ...
Patterns of habitat use and segregation among African large
... may play in promoting coexistence. The study site was the Okavango Delta in northern Botswana, one of the few remaining places in Africa where the three species still co-occur in a pristine and undisturbed ecosystem. In Chapter Two we investigated the degree of temporal segregation between the alleg ...
... may play in promoting coexistence. The study site was the Okavango Delta in northern Botswana, one of the few remaining places in Africa where the three species still co-occur in a pristine and undisturbed ecosystem. In Chapter Two we investigated the degree of temporal segregation between the alleg ...
Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi - e
... act negatively on the different species of beneficial insects, which include natural enemies such as parasitoids, predators and pollinators [3]. The facility provided by the use of chemicals synthesis products to control pests and diseases has led to the consolidation of farming methods based on the ...
... act negatively on the different species of beneficial insects, which include natural enemies such as parasitoids, predators and pollinators [3]. The facility provided by the use of chemicals synthesis products to control pests and diseases has led to the consolidation of farming methods based on the ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
Multispecies advice
... The values of presented reference points can change in the near future since there are many process functions in the species dynamics, both in terms of population numbers, spatial distributions, and body growth, which have not been ICES Advice 2013, Book 8 ...
... The values of presented reference points can change in the near future since there are many process functions in the species dynamics, both in terms of population numbers, spatial distributions, and body growth, which have not been ICES Advice 2013, Book 8 ...
Predation intensifies parasite exposure in a salmonid food chain
... and pre-adult) salmon louse stages respond to host predation by transferring from prey to predator, with adult males transferring more often than females (Connors, Krkosek & Dill 2008). These experimental findings suggest that when salmon lice are commonly found on juvenile pink salmon, selective ...
... and pre-adult) salmon louse stages respond to host predation by transferring from prey to predator, with adult males transferring more often than females (Connors, Krkosek & Dill 2008). These experimental findings suggest that when salmon lice are commonly found on juvenile pink salmon, selective ...
Chromolaena odorata ungulate grazing on ant body size and communities in
... that are highly branched. It bears three-veined, ovate-triangular leaves with sharp toothlike edgings (Henderson 2001). C. odorata can grow to a height of 3 m in open areas but can reach 10 m as a rambler. The C. odorata plant reproduces sexually when it is a year old resulting in substantial number ...
... that are highly branched. It bears three-veined, ovate-triangular leaves with sharp toothlike edgings (Henderson 2001). C. odorata can grow to a height of 3 m in open areas but can reach 10 m as a rambler. The C. odorata plant reproduces sexually when it is a year old resulting in substantial number ...
The Growth Responses of Fish to Differences in Acidity
... acidity, pike suffer from lack of small fish, and they may grow slowly. However, if they find something to displace fish food, they are likely to grow normally at least during their early years of life. Whitefish tolerates acidity, though not as well as perch, but better than roach. The growth of wh ...
... acidity, pike suffer from lack of small fish, and they may grow slowly. However, if they find something to displace fish food, they are likely to grow normally at least during their early years of life. Whitefish tolerates acidity, though not as well as perch, but better than roach. The growth of wh ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.