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invasion of smooth brome into north american tall
... herbivore species richness, diversity and evenness. Variables incorporated in to our model at this scale were percent coverage of smooth brome, plant species richness, watershed, prairie fragment nested within watershed and transect nested within prairie fragment…………...…….57 Table 4.5 Result indicat ...
... herbivore species richness, diversity and evenness. Variables incorporated in to our model at this scale were percent coverage of smooth brome, plant species richness, watershed, prairie fragment nested within watershed and transect nested within prairie fragment…………...…….57 Table 4.5 Result indicat ...
Recruitment limitation in secondary forests dominated by
... Ligustrum dominance was not correlated with soil texture, soil moisture, soil depth or terrain shape index (TSI). Ligustrum dominance was negatively correlated with slope/aspect (Fig. 2A; more abundant on moist sites), surface rockiness (Fig. 2B) and soil fertility (Fig. 2C, G) and positively correl ...
... Ligustrum dominance was not correlated with soil texture, soil moisture, soil depth or terrain shape index (TSI). Ligustrum dominance was negatively correlated with slope/aspect (Fig. 2A; more abundant on moist sites), surface rockiness (Fig. 2B) and soil fertility (Fig. 2C, G) and positively correl ...
Imperfect Mimicry and the Limits of Natural Selection
... Vehrencamp 2011). Signals are the basis of both mimicry and “aposematism” (when a dangerous species evolves a phenotype that accurately warns others of the danger). Mimicry occurs when a signal borne by one organism (the model) to communicate some quality to others (the receivers), is copied by anot ...
... Vehrencamp 2011). Signals are the basis of both mimicry and “aposematism” (when a dangerous species evolves a phenotype that accurately warns others of the danger). Mimicry occurs when a signal borne by one organism (the model) to communicate some quality to others (the receivers), is copied by anot ...
Interspecific and integroup interactions of mantled
... fall-back foods, members of the same species are competing for access to the same resources to ensure their survival. In general, competition among sympatric primate species is assumed to exist, even in populations living in undisturbed forest. What happens, however, when the amount and types of ava ...
... fall-back foods, members of the same species are competing for access to the same resources to ensure their survival. In general, competition among sympatric primate species is assumed to exist, even in populations living in undisturbed forest. What happens, however, when the amount and types of ava ...
Dynamics of aquatic organisms in a rice field ecosystem: effects of
... organisms, but the abundance pattern in various rice cultivation phases was comparable among rice growing seasons. The rice field was dominated by tubificids, baetids, chironomids and ceratopogonids. High populations of these organisms were observed during the plough, transplanting-young, and tiller ...
... organisms, but the abundance pattern in various rice cultivation phases was comparable among rice growing seasons. The rice field was dominated by tubificids, baetids, chironomids and ceratopogonids. High populations of these organisms were observed during the plough, transplanting-young, and tiller ...
Human acceleration of animal and plant extinctions: A Late
... which megafauna were unable to adapt (Graham and Grimm, 1990; Guthrie, 2003, 2006). Extinctions in the New World may have been further affected by the onset of the Younger Dryas, a 1000-year cooling event, which exacerbated shifts in vegetation communities. Much of the climate change model hinges on ...
... which megafauna were unable to adapt (Graham and Grimm, 1990; Guthrie, 2003, 2006). Extinctions in the New World may have been further affected by the onset of the Younger Dryas, a 1000-year cooling event, which exacerbated shifts in vegetation communities. Much of the climate change model hinges on ...
2014 - The Wildlife Society
... ungulates are short-term and restricted to the development phase, but once an energy project transitions to the production phase, any potential impacts are quickly ameliorated. This misperception is especially prevalent in National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents designed to identify and d ...
... ungulates are short-term and restricted to the development phase, but once an energy project transitions to the production phase, any potential impacts are quickly ameliorated. This misperception is especially prevalent in National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents designed to identify and d ...
Indo-Pacific lionfish are larger and more abundant on invaded reefs
... bottom of box) are given ...
... bottom of box) are given ...
Have Introduced Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta)
... factors, both abiotic and biotic, that affect habitat suitability. Once established, the introduced species may also spread to new areas, and become established at those places. Spread can be natural, but is often facilitated by human activities, such as stocking for recreational purposes, such as a ...
... factors, both abiotic and biotic, that affect habitat suitability. Once established, the introduced species may also spread to new areas, and become established at those places. Spread can be natural, but is often facilitated by human activities, such as stocking for recreational purposes, such as a ...
Hossie, T.J., Sherrat, T.N. (2012)
... possible lack of independence between baits on the same tree by clustering the baits by tree in our analysis. Overall significance of the model was assessed using the Wald test, which does not assume independence of observations within a cluster. Factors in our model included colour (i.e. solid versu ...
... possible lack of independence between baits on the same tree by clustering the baits by tree in our analysis. Overall significance of the model was assessed using the Wald test, which does not assume independence of observations within a cluster. Factors in our model included colour (i.e. solid versu ...
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
... of New Zealand’s forest types and climatic regions, and are sufficiently distant from major tracks and routes to reduce the incidence of human interference; many can only be accessed by several hours walking or by helicopter or boat. They represent a unique resource for addressing questions about ho ...
... of New Zealand’s forest types and climatic regions, and are sufficiently distant from major tracks and routes to reduce the incidence of human interference; many can only be accessed by several hours walking or by helicopter or boat. They represent a unique resource for addressing questions about ho ...
Conservation and ecology of Hutton`s shearwater (Puffinus huttoni)
... Monitoring burrow occupancy and breeding success During the incubation period of the 1996/97 season, I compared the accuracy of using field sign and a burrowscope (Dyer & Hill 1991; Lyver et al. 1998). Over three weeks (14/11 to 2/12/96) seven observers independently checked 148 marked burrows. Each ...
... Monitoring burrow occupancy and breeding success During the incubation period of the 1996/97 season, I compared the accuracy of using field sign and a burrowscope (Dyer & Hill 1991; Lyver et al. 1998). Over three weeks (14/11 to 2/12/96) seven observers independently checked 148 marked burrows. Each ...
Non-target effects of insect biocontrol agents and trends in host
... effects, such as competition for prey, apparent competition, or displacement of native species; (3) positive foodweb effects that benefited non-target species; (4) hybridization of native species with introduced natural enemies; and (5) attacks on introduced weed biocontrol agents. Examples are pres ...
... effects, such as competition for prey, apparent competition, or displacement of native species; (3) positive foodweb effects that benefited non-target species; (4) hybridization of native species with introduced natural enemies; and (5) attacks on introduced weed biocontrol agents. Examples are pres ...
Corridor Length and Patch Colonization by a Butterfly, Junonia coenia
... from a source patch; (2) are not restricted or directed by habitat boundaries; (3) are reluctant to enter corridors that have a high proportion of edge habitat; and/or (4) experience higher rates of predation within corridors. Species that evolved within naturally fragmented landscapes may be most l ...
... from a source patch; (2) are not restricted or directed by habitat boundaries; (3) are reluctant to enter corridors that have a high proportion of edge habitat; and/or (4) experience higher rates of predation within corridors. Species that evolved within naturally fragmented landscapes may be most l ...
eports - Semantic Scholar
... In late June 2012, a total of 480 plants with flower buds were haphazardly chosen and individually tagged. We randomly assigned 120 plants to each of the four treatment combinations in the factorial experiment. For each plant, we recorded start of flowering (reported as day of year) and plant height t ...
... In late June 2012, a total of 480 plants with flower buds were haphazardly chosen and individually tagged. We randomly assigned 120 plants to each of the four treatment combinations in the factorial experiment. For each plant, we recorded start of flowering (reported as day of year) and plant height t ...
Relative impacts of copepods, cladocerans and
... lakes have focused on only one or two components of the microbial loop; comparatively few have incorporated all of the major components, including nutrients and algae (exceptions include Christoffersen etal., 1990; Arndt and Nixdorf, 1991; Pace and Funke, 1991; Brett et al., 1994; Jurgens et al., 19 ...
... lakes have focused on only one or two components of the microbial loop; comparatively few have incorporated all of the major components, including nutrients and algae (exceptions include Christoffersen etal., 1990; Arndt and Nixdorf, 1991; Pace and Funke, 1991; Brett et al., 1994; Jurgens et al., 19 ...
Aligning molecular studies of mycorrhizal fungal diversity
... Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur in the roots of most plants and are an ecologically important component of the soil microbiome. Richness of AMF taxa is a strong driver of plant diversity and productivity, thus providing a rationale for characterizing AMF diversity in natural ecosystems. Con ...
... Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur in the roots of most plants and are an ecologically important component of the soil microbiome. Richness of AMF taxa is a strong driver of plant diversity and productivity, thus providing a rationale for characterizing AMF diversity in natural ecosystems. Con ...
Semester Exam Review Questions - H
... The biotic potential of a population a. is the maximum reproductive rate of a population. b. is the current rate of growth of a population. c. is an expression of how many offspring survive to reproduce. d. can be determined only by studying an age structure diagram. e. is the future rate of growth ...
... The biotic potential of a population a. is the maximum reproductive rate of a population. b. is the current rate of growth of a population. c. is an expression of how many offspring survive to reproduce. d. can be determined only by studying an age structure diagram. e. is the future rate of growth ...
How do generalist consumers coexist over evolutionary time? An
... are the supply points of resources 1 and 2, respectively, in the absence of consumption, and d1 and d2 are the chemostat flow rates. For mathematical tractability, we assume that d1 =d2 and S1 =S2. These assumptions mean that both resources have identical growth dynamics apart from depletion due to ...
... are the supply points of resources 1 and 2, respectively, in the absence of consumption, and d1 and d2 are the chemostat flow rates. For mathematical tractability, we assume that d1 =d2 and S1 =S2. These assumptions mean that both resources have identical growth dynamics apart from depletion due to ...
Strategic Rat Control for Restoring Populations of Native Species in
... Predator control is a common form of wildlife management on private land and has long been used to protect species valued for intrinsic and utilitarian reasons (Worster 1994; Cote & Sutherland 1997; Smith et al. 2010). It is essential for biodiversity conservation throughout much of the Pacific regi ...
... Predator control is a common form of wildlife management on private land and has long been used to protect species valued for intrinsic and utilitarian reasons (Worster 1994; Cote & Sutherland 1997; Smith et al. 2010). It is essential for biodiversity conservation throughout much of the Pacific regi ...
VI) Population and Community Stability
... B) Apply a force – does it change? see graphic definition of resistance C) Apply a disturbance (i.e. change the community) Determine if community returns to pre-perturbation or control state. see graphic definition of resilience ...
... B) Apply a force – does it change? see graphic definition of resistance C) Apply a disturbance (i.e. change the community) Determine if community returns to pre-perturbation or control state. see graphic definition of resilience ...
Rove Beetles of the World, Staphylinidae - EDIS
... curtula, but pheromones in 54,000 other species remain unidentified. ...
... curtula, but pheromones in 54,000 other species remain unidentified. ...
2015_Celaya_et_al_Cuphea_HPollen_Ann Bot
... All three species have similar flower colour (all purple flowers) and shape (all zygomorphic flowers; Alonso et al., 2013) and are considered generalists in their pollination system. Pollinator sharing among all three species is high; pollinators mainly include bees and butterflies, although the pla ...
... All three species have similar flower colour (all purple flowers) and shape (all zygomorphic flowers; Alonso et al., 2013) and are considered generalists in their pollination system. Pollinator sharing among all three species is high; pollinators mainly include bees and butterflies, although the pla ...
Theoretical ecology
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FoodWeb.jpg?width=300)
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.