UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Feeding of detritivores in
... food,, small quantities of microorganisms may supply significant quantities of nutrients suchh as vitamins and amino acids (review Phillips 1984a, Wolf et al. 1997). Thus, colonizationn by microorganisms may increase overall nutritional value of originally refractivee organic matter significantly, w ...
... food,, small quantities of microorganisms may supply significant quantities of nutrients suchh as vitamins and amino acids (review Phillips 1984a, Wolf et al. 1997). Thus, colonizationn by microorganisms may increase overall nutritional value of originally refractivee organic matter significantly, w ...
algae, calcified
... Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. For example, the long spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum was extremely abundant and the dominant herbivore throughout the Caribbe ...
... Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. For example, the long spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum was extremely abundant and the dominant herbivore throughout the Caribbe ...
Human-wildlife interactions in urban areas
... The most direct impact of wildlife on humans is that of direct attacks. Attacks by wildlife on ...
... The most direct impact of wildlife on humans is that of direct attacks. Attacks by wildlife on ...
Spatial interactions between grey wolves and Eurasian lynx in
... of Asia: Matyushkin et al. 2003) showed that lynx and wolves do not avoid using the same ...
... of Asia: Matyushkin et al. 2003) showed that lynx and wolves do not avoid using the same ...
Interactions between feral cats, foxes, native carnivores, and rabbits
... increased rate of predation on native species. It appears that in systems where rabbits are not the staple prey item, changes in rabbit abundance have little impact on populations of feral cats or foxes. Little quantitative information is available on the interactions between introduced predators an ...
... increased rate of predation on native species. It appears that in systems where rabbits are not the staple prey item, changes in rabbit abundance have little impact on populations of feral cats or foxes. Little quantitative information is available on the interactions between introduced predators an ...
pdf version
... food to Lesser Sheathbills from November to April, whereas terrestrial invertebrates and intertidal algae were the most common foods eaten from May to October (Fig. 1). These two periods are termed "summer" and "winter" respectively, for convenience. At both times of the year the foraging patterns o ...
... food to Lesser Sheathbills from November to April, whereas terrestrial invertebrates and intertidal algae were the most common foods eaten from May to October (Fig. 1). These two periods are termed "summer" and "winter" respectively, for convenience. At both times of the year the foraging patterns o ...
Ecological Role of Dry-Habitat Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
... First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisory committee Kaye Reed, Leanne Nash, and Gary Schwartz for their patience, support, and guidance throughout my entire graduate career. I am especially grateful to my chair, Kaye Reed, for the immediate responses to late night emails, long-distance s ...
... First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisory committee Kaye Reed, Leanne Nash, and Gary Schwartz for their patience, support, and guidance throughout my entire graduate career. I am especially grateful to my chair, Kaye Reed, for the immediate responses to late night emails, long-distance s ...
How do bryophytes govern generative recruitment of vascular plants?
... and vascular plants comprise a large spectrum of relations, including resource competition (Chapin et al., 1987), as well as suppression and facilitation, mostly attributed to the altered microclimatic conditions for vascular plants within bryophyte patches (van Tooren & During, 1990; J. L. Gornall ...
... and vascular plants comprise a large spectrum of relations, including resource competition (Chapin et al., 1987), as well as suppression and facilitation, mostly attributed to the altered microclimatic conditions for vascular plants within bryophyte patches (van Tooren & During, 1990; J. L. Gornall ...
Does increased habitat complexity reduce predation and
... of abundance. For example, abundance is often greater in high complexity habitats (Hixon and Beets 1993, McCormick 1994), positively related to the number of potential shelter sites (Roberts and Ormond 1987, Friedlander and Parrish 1998), and the availability of suitably-sized shelter can influence ...
... of abundance. For example, abundance is often greater in high complexity habitats (Hixon and Beets 1993, McCormick 1994), positively related to the number of potential shelter sites (Roberts and Ormond 1987, Friedlander and Parrish 1998), and the availability of suitably-sized shelter can influence ...
predators
... Predation and choice of nesting sites in parrots Phylogenies examination showed the ancestral state was tree cavity nesting. Why the nesting in other cavities had evolved independently many time in both Australian and Amazonian parrot species? Whether predation was the key selecting for the ...
... Predation and choice of nesting sites in parrots Phylogenies examination showed the ancestral state was tree cavity nesting. Why the nesting in other cavities had evolved independently many time in both Australian and Amazonian parrot species? Whether predation was the key selecting for the ...
project description
... availability or transformation rates of key resources, or compete with or replace native species (Vitousek 1990). Much of the focus on exotic species invasions has been on aboveground invasions, which are the most apparent. However, belowground invasions may be equally widespread and may have as lar ...
... availability or transformation rates of key resources, or compete with or replace native species (Vitousek 1990). Much of the focus on exotic species invasions has been on aboveground invasions, which are the most apparent. However, belowground invasions may be equally widespread and may have as lar ...
The ecosystem approach to fisheries
... approach (in the CBD). As modern fields of science-based governance, they all find their roots in the concept and well-grounded academic disciplines of natural resources management (NRM) or wildlife management (Larkin, 1996; Lackey, 1999) but have evolved quite different operational paradigms. They ...
... approach (in the CBD). As modern fields of science-based governance, they all find their roots in the concept and well-grounded academic disciplines of natural resources management (NRM) or wildlife management (Larkin, 1996; Lackey, 1999) but have evolved quite different operational paradigms. They ...
Natural Selection in Cepaea
... that yellow ground colour is recessive to pink. The genetics of brown are not known. In our experience it is a clear-cut character almost certainly controlled by a single factor (see p. 96). The unbanded form OoooO is dominant to both 12345 and to 00300 which itself is dominant to 12345. It is highl ...
... that yellow ground colour is recessive to pink. The genetics of brown are not known. In our experience it is a clear-cut character almost certainly controlled by a single factor (see p. 96). The unbanded form OoooO is dominant to both 12345 and to 00300 which itself is dominant to 12345. It is highl ...
Xxxxx
... Seip, K.L., E. Sandersen, F. Mehlum and I. Ryssdal 1990. Damages to seabirds from oil spills: comparing simulation results and vulnerability indexes. Ecol. modelling. 53: 39-59 Seip, K.L., H.M. Seip, A. Heiberg, and K.A.Brekke, 1984: A computer assisted method for determining oil pollution damage sc ...
... Seip, K.L., E. Sandersen, F. Mehlum and I. Ryssdal 1990. Damages to seabirds from oil spills: comparing simulation results and vulnerability indexes. Ecol. modelling. 53: 39-59 Seip, K.L., H.M. Seip, A. Heiberg, and K.A.Brekke, 1984: A computer assisted method for determining oil pollution damage sc ...
A contribution to the predator and parasitoid fauna of rice
... of plant and animal species exist in rice fields. Rice fields are one of the biggest ecosystems that can be found in the tropics, including diverse insect pests and their natural enemies. The species diversity of many natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) was studied in rice fields of Iran esp ...
... of plant and animal species exist in rice fields. Rice fields are one of the biggest ecosystems that can be found in the tropics, including diverse insect pests and their natural enemies. The species diversity of many natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) was studied in rice fields of Iran esp ...
Adopting adoption - Santa Fe Institute
... as in brood amalgamation or in the active kidnapping by adult white-winged choughs, adopters actively recruit young, and this behaviour is observed and may be learnt by the young. Hence we do not consider the adopting behaviour as a distinct ‘meme’ (Dawkins 1976), but rather as an effect of a genera ...
... as in brood amalgamation or in the active kidnapping by adult white-winged choughs, adopters actively recruit young, and this behaviour is observed and may be learnt by the young. Hence we do not consider the adopting behaviour as a distinct ‘meme’ (Dawkins 1976), but rather as an effect of a genera ...
Fuzzy-Mapping-Rules
... ¾ 3. Linear Model: this describes the output as a linear function of the input variables, such as: If x1 is Small And x2 is Large Then y = 2x1 + 5x2 + 3. ¾ 4. Non-Linear Model: Theoretically, a local model can be more complex than a linear model. In practice, however, there is rarely such a need. Th ...
... ¾ 3. Linear Model: this describes the output as a linear function of the input variables, such as: If x1 is Small And x2 is Large Then y = 2x1 + 5x2 + 3. ¾ 4. Non-Linear Model: Theoretically, a local model can be more complex than a linear model. In practice, however, there is rarely such a need. Th ...
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society American Water
... right sides of the tank in control treatments where both tank sides were the same to see if they actually spent 50% of their time on each side). Schooling was defined as individuals aggregated and moving about as a unit, and dispersed was defined as individuals not being closely associated with each ...
... right sides of the tank in control treatments where both tank sides were the same to see if they actually spent 50% of their time on each side). Schooling was defined as individuals aggregated and moving about as a unit, and dispersed was defined as individuals not being closely associated with each ...
The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited: A Re
... extensively cited paper ‘The mineral nutrition of wild plants’ was published in the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (Chapin, 1980). Since then, almost two decades have elapsed, and our ecological knowledge about most of the processes and patterns described in that paper has increased steadi ...
... extensively cited paper ‘The mineral nutrition of wild plants’ was published in the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (Chapin, 1980). Since then, almost two decades have elapsed, and our ecological knowledge about most of the processes and patterns described in that paper has increased steadi ...
Change in Vegetation Productivity for Three National Forests in Utah
... Forests, we analyzed publicly available, vegetation-specific satellite imagery in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and in the R programming environment (R Core Team 2014). Specifically, we used LANDSAT 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data available for the years 19862011 (obtained from the U.S. Geologic ...
... Forests, we analyzed publicly available, vegetation-specific satellite imagery in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and in the R programming environment (R Core Team 2014). Specifically, we used LANDSAT 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data available for the years 19862011 (obtained from the U.S. Geologic ...
Read More - SANParks
... fire treatments on this species. From this study, it is clear that fire changes the structure and morphology of the woody vegetation, but not the composition and diversity. Intense fires cause high mortality rates amongst seedlings and saplings, thereby suppressing the recruitment into higher size c ...
... fire treatments on this species. From this study, it is clear that fire changes the structure and morphology of the woody vegetation, but not the composition and diversity. Intense fires cause high mortality rates amongst seedlings and saplings, thereby suppressing the recruitment into higher size c ...
Martu Living Deserts Project - The Nature Conservancy Australia
... With support from BHPBIO and conservation and capacity-building expertise from TNC, this collaboration has provided a model that can be replicated around the world. As opportunities for creating sustainable landscapes within Indigenous communities and elsewhere continue to arise, this model is succe ...
... With support from BHPBIO and conservation and capacity-building expertise from TNC, this collaboration has provided a model that can be replicated around the world. As opportunities for creating sustainable landscapes within Indigenous communities and elsewhere continue to arise, this model is succe ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.