Intraspecific variation in biology and ecology of deer
... and absolute availability of different forage species varies geographically. Thus, individual studies of the diet composition of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the UK show enormous variation in actual species composition or relative importance of different forage species of animals in di ...
... and absolute availability of different forage species varies geographically. Thus, individual studies of the diet composition of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the UK show enormous variation in actual species composition or relative importance of different forage species of animals in di ...
Lophius in the world: a synthesis on the common features and life
... et al. (2006) reported high levels of microsatellite polymorphism for both L. piscatorius and L. budegassa from the Cantabrian Sea, north of Spain. For the northernmost populations of L. piscatorius, however, O’Sullivan et al. (2006) found no spatial or temporal genetic differentiation. Charrier et ...
... et al. (2006) reported high levels of microsatellite polymorphism for both L. piscatorius and L. budegassa from the Cantabrian Sea, north of Spain. For the northernmost populations of L. piscatorius, however, O’Sullivan et al. (2006) found no spatial or temporal genetic differentiation. Charrier et ...
The role of macrophytes in habitat structuring in aquatic
... for populations or assemblages of small-bodied fish, but this scale would be inadequate for explaining macroinvertebrate assemblages, which certainly perceive (and use) the habitat quite differently (Dibble et al., 2006) (Figure 1). Such considerations about scales should be incorporated into studie ...
... for populations or assemblages of small-bodied fish, but this scale would be inadequate for explaining macroinvertebrate assemblages, which certainly perceive (and use) the habitat quite differently (Dibble et al., 2006) (Figure 1). Such considerations about scales should be incorporated into studie ...
aqueous nitrates and larval competition alter disease risk from two
... higher pupation rates in all treatments. Higher nitrate levels in the larval environment resulted in larger A. albopictus females and higher emergence and faster time to emergence for C. pipiens. There were also indications of possible interactions between nitrates and priority effects. These result ...
... higher pupation rates in all treatments. Higher nitrate levels in the larval environment resulted in larger A. albopictus females and higher emergence and faster time to emergence for C. pipiens. There were also indications of possible interactions between nitrates and priority effects. These result ...
2. Modeling the Influence of Forest Structure on Microsite Habitat
... and basal area to the other to determine which was more important in combination with ULFD. We also evaluated a year-only model since we include plots that were sampled in two different years. Pellet density (pellets/ha/month) was used as the dependent variable in our models. Pellet data were averag ...
... and basal area to the other to determine which was more important in combination with ULFD. We also evaluated a year-only model since we include plots that were sampled in two different years. Pellet density (pellets/ha/month) was used as the dependent variable in our models. Pellet data were averag ...
Species and stock identification of prey consumed
... the approximate area covered by the group of whales (an indicator of how spread out the group was) and the focal animal or group (sensu Altmann 1974). Identities of individual whales in the focal group were recorded whenever possible. We used a published catalog (Center for Whale Research 2008) to i ...
... the approximate area covered by the group of whales (an indicator of how spread out the group was) and the focal animal or group (sensu Altmann 1974). Identities of individual whales in the focal group were recorded whenever possible. We used a published catalog (Center for Whale Research 2008) to i ...
The Ruffe Population of Loch Lomond, Scotland
... perch collected at the same site, in the same season in 1977 before the arrival of ruffe (see Giles and Tippett 1987) showed that perch diet differed substantially from that of ruffe caught at the same site. Perch stomach contents were dominated by Cladocera, whilst Asellus aquaticus was the commone ...
... perch collected at the same site, in the same season in 1977 before the arrival of ruffe (see Giles and Tippett 1987) showed that perch diet differed substantially from that of ruffe caught at the same site. Perch stomach contents were dominated by Cladocera, whilst Asellus aquaticus was the commone ...
The impacts of elephants on biodiversity in the Eastern
... ranging behaviour and genetics. This research is crucial to A further assumption underlying research in the AENP is understanding the background to the elephant impacts, but is that the changes observed within the elephant enclosure can be frequently not couched in terms of these effects. It is sign ...
... ranging behaviour and genetics. This research is crucial to A further assumption underlying research in the AENP is understanding the background to the elephant impacts, but is that the changes observed within the elephant enclosure can be frequently not couched in terms of these effects. It is sign ...
environmental science i
... edge effect. This reduces the amount of habitat available for wildlife species associated with old growth forests. Harvesting patterns at the landscape level may be modified to take this into account. For the next three laboratory periods, you will be evaluating the edge effect using a scientific ap ...
... edge effect. This reduces the amount of habitat available for wildlife species associated with old growth forests. Harvesting patterns at the landscape level may be modified to take this into account. For the next three laboratory periods, you will be evaluating the edge effect using a scientific ap ...
The Jamaican Iguana Pilot Final Report
... approximately 95% of the genetic variation observed in the population upon its rediscovery is present among hatchlings that have been sampled in recent years. Laboratory analyses and the completion of Mr. Rasberry’s thesis are eagerly awaited, and will contribute greatly to future efforts aimed at m ...
... approximately 95% of the genetic variation observed in the population upon its rediscovery is present among hatchlings that have been sampled in recent years. Laboratory analyses and the completion of Mr. Rasberry’s thesis are eagerly awaited, and will contribute greatly to future efforts aimed at m ...
SAFS Suggested Restricted Electives
... of the complex interactions between ecological dynamics and political processes employing the emerging approach of political ecology. Case studies of environmental degradation (e.g., desertification, logging, mineral extraction, petroleum, water) from various cultural and geographic regions. GE cred ...
... of the complex interactions between ecological dynamics and political processes employing the emerging approach of political ecology. Case studies of environmental degradation (e.g., desertification, logging, mineral extraction, petroleum, water) from various cultural and geographic regions. GE cred ...
Arid Recovery Annual Report 2008
... removal of feral animals and the re-introduction of locally extinct species 2. Research the ecology of threatened and significant species and formulate monitoring and re-introduction protocols 3. Explore options for maintaining desired population levels of threatened species within the Reserve inclu ...
... removal of feral animals and the re-introduction of locally extinct species 2. Research the ecology of threatened and significant species and formulate monitoring and re-introduction protocols 3. Explore options for maintaining desired population levels of threatened species within the Reserve inclu ...
Response of native and introduced fishes to presumed antipredator
... (Nickerson & Mays, 1973). In addition, when stressed or captured, metamorphosed hellbenders often produce a milky secretion that is distasteful (bitter) when applied to the tongue (Brodie, 1971; Gall et al., 2010), and may be unpalatable to predators. Empirical observations by Nickerson & Mays (1973 ...
... (Nickerson & Mays, 1973). In addition, when stressed or captured, metamorphosed hellbenders often produce a milky secretion that is distasteful (bitter) when applied to the tongue (Brodie, 1971; Gall et al., 2010), and may be unpalatable to predators. Empirical observations by Nickerson & Mays (1973 ...
book of abstracts
... more importantly members to the Society to ensure an increasingly dynamic and successful Society and to enable the annual meetings to grow in strength and popularity. We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. ...
... more importantly members to the Society to ensure an increasingly dynamic and successful Society and to enable the annual meetings to grow in strength and popularity. We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. ...
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems Research Strategy
... Strategy was to identify critical research needs to help inform management. In developing this document, it became apparent that using a theme entitled “management” as one of the three themes from the workshop was not the best way to present information. For the Research Strategy, research prioritie ...
... Strategy was to identify critical research needs to help inform management. In developing this document, it became apparent that using a theme entitled “management” as one of the three themes from the workshop was not the best way to present information. For the Research Strategy, research prioritie ...
RESILIENCE OF TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS – FUTURE
... more importantly members to the Society to ensure an increasingly dynamic and successful Society and to enable the annual meetings to grow in strength and popularity. We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. ...
... more importantly members to the Society to ensure an increasingly dynamic and successful Society and to enable the annual meetings to grow in strength and popularity. We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. ...
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna, Small Streams
... in western North Carolina, USA. Note that abundances are dominated by members of the collectorgatherer (Cg), functional group. In contrast, three groups, predators, shredders, and collectors, represent the majority of the biomass in these small streams (Figure 1(b)). Secondary production, which repr ...
... in western North Carolina, USA. Note that abundances are dominated by members of the collectorgatherer (Cg), functional group. In contrast, three groups, predators, shredders, and collectors, represent the majority of the biomass in these small streams (Figure 1(b)). Secondary production, which repr ...
CBD Fourth National Report - Botswana (English version)
... PROGRESS TOWARDS 2010 NATIONAL TARGETS .......................................................................... 80 4.1.1 Indicators to measure progress........................................................................................................... 80 ...
... PROGRESS TOWARDS 2010 NATIONAL TARGETS .......................................................................... 80 4.1.1 Indicators to measure progress........................................................................................................... 80 ...
Kelp Forests in California
... to sample the same plots repeatedly over time. These constraints have been reduced by diver estimates of plant or frond density coupled with simultaneous collections of representative plants or fronds that are returned to the laboratory and weighed and/or measured (Towle and Pearse, 1973; Gerard, 19 ...
... to sample the same plots repeatedly over time. These constraints have been reduced by diver estimates of plant or frond density coupled with simultaneous collections of representative plants or fronds that are returned to the laboratory and weighed and/or measured (Towle and Pearse, 1973; Gerard, 19 ...
Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution
... Wagner (1996). The goal of this model is to illustrate the hierarchical structure of traits within an organism rather than to describe the precise physiological and developmental machinery underlying the expression of those traits. Hence it does not include developmental feedback effects occurring a ...
... Wagner (1996). The goal of this model is to illustrate the hierarchical structure of traits within an organism rather than to describe the precise physiological and developmental machinery underlying the expression of those traits. Hence it does not include developmental feedback effects occurring a ...
Conceptual issues in local adaptation
... may be maintained even if dispersal results in complete mixing of the gene pool. However, in such a case demes will not differentiate genetically, i.e. there will be no local adaptation. Thus, restricted gene flow is a pre-requisite for local adaptation. Restricted gene flow (due to low passive disp ...
... may be maintained even if dispersal results in complete mixing of the gene pool. However, in such a case demes will not differentiate genetically, i.e. there will be no local adaptation. Thus, restricted gene flow is a pre-requisite for local adaptation. Restricted gene flow (due to low passive disp ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Feeding of detritivores in
... food,, small quantities of microorganisms may supply significant quantities of nutrients suchh as vitamins and amino acids (review Phillips 1984a, Wolf et al. 1997). Thus, colonizationn by microorganisms may increase overall nutritional value of originally refractivee organic matter significantly, w ...
... food,, small quantities of microorganisms may supply significant quantities of nutrients suchh as vitamins and amino acids (review Phillips 1984a, Wolf et al. 1997). Thus, colonizationn by microorganisms may increase overall nutritional value of originally refractivee organic matter significantly, w ...
algae, calcified
... Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. For example, the long spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum was extremely abundant and the dominant herbivore throughout the Caribbe ...
... Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. For example, the long spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum was extremely abundant and the dominant herbivore throughout the Caribbe ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.