Martu Living Deserts Project - The Nature Conservancy Australia
... With support from BHPBIO and conservation and capacity-building expertise from TNC, this collaboration has provided a model that can be replicated around the world. As opportunities for creating sustainable landscapes within Indigenous communities and elsewhere continue to arise, this model is succe ...
... With support from BHPBIO and conservation and capacity-building expertise from TNC, this collaboration has provided a model that can be replicated around the world. As opportunities for creating sustainable landscapes within Indigenous communities and elsewhere continue to arise, this model is succe ...
Ecosystem of the Mangroves
... particularly well suited for juveniles. All around the world species of water snakes can be found living in mangroves, as well as some saltwater tolerant amphibians. The most common of these amphibians is the giant toad (bufo marinus). The giant toad, or more commonly known as the cane toad, is nat ...
... particularly well suited for juveniles. All around the world species of water snakes can be found living in mangroves, as well as some saltwater tolerant amphibians. The most common of these amphibians is the giant toad (bufo marinus). The giant toad, or more commonly known as the cane toad, is nat ...
Parasitism, commensalism or mutualism?
... disturbance, to increased complexity and diversity in certain benthic ecosystems (Osman & Haugsness 1981). They have been traditionally considered to be more widespread in tropical than in temperate zones as a result of environmental stabihty (Futuyma 1973, May 1973) and biotic pressure (high levels ...
... disturbance, to increased complexity and diversity in certain benthic ecosystems (Osman & Haugsness 1981). They have been traditionally considered to be more widespread in tropical than in temperate zones as a result of environmental stabihty (Futuyma 1973, May 1973) and biotic pressure (high levels ...
Predictable evolution toward flightlessness in volant
... evident in separate analyses of nine avian families and four orders, representing a range of lifestyles, diets, foraging behaviors, flight styles, and body plans. The pattern holds regardless of whether we focus on differences among individuals, populations, or species, with or without accounting fo ...
... evident in separate analyses of nine avian families and four orders, representing a range of lifestyles, diets, foraging behaviors, flight styles, and body plans. The pattern holds regardless of whether we focus on differences among individuals, populations, or species, with or without accounting fo ...
Biodiversity Plan Tiritiri Matangi
... The first working plan for Tiritiri Matangi was produced in 1982.2 At that time, the word ‘restoration’ was not part o conservation ter inolog and the process was seen as a ‘rea orestation’ project, ai ed at giving the public the opportunit to interact with rare native plants and animals which they ...
... The first working plan for Tiritiri Matangi was produced in 1982.2 At that time, the word ‘restoration’ was not part o conservation ter inolog and the process was seen as a ‘rea orestation’ project, ai ed at giving the public the opportunit to interact with rare native plants and animals which they ...
Herbivore damage along a latitudinal gradient: relative
... for both young (Aide 1993, Jackson and Bach 1999) and mature leaves (Coley 1983, Lowman 1984). Rates of herbivory are affected by leaf age (Landsberg 1988, Coley and Aide 1991, Landsberg and Cork 1997, Jackson et al. 1999, Moles and Westoby 2000). Among latitudes, young tropical leaves are expected ...
... for both young (Aide 1993, Jackson and Bach 1999) and mature leaves (Coley 1983, Lowman 1984). Rates of herbivory are affected by leaf age (Landsberg 1988, Coley and Aide 1991, Landsberg and Cork 1997, Jackson et al. 1999, Moles and Westoby 2000). Among latitudes, young tropical leaves are expected ...
ppt檔案
... to leave the blackbirds’ area. Mobbing is a form of cultural transmission. Animals Raised in captivity failed to have mobbing behavior. ...
... to leave the blackbirds’ area. Mobbing is a form of cultural transmission. Animals Raised in captivity failed to have mobbing behavior. ...
Nutritional role of protists in the diet of first stage larvae of the
... In Expt 2, these same 2 protists were tested, along with the green alga Dunaliella ter-tiolecta(10 pm diameter), in combination with the Artemia sp. diet provided in suboptimal application. Based on the results of Sulkin et al. (1998), the suboptimal application of Artemia sp, involved a cycle of co ...
... In Expt 2, these same 2 protists were tested, along with the green alga Dunaliella ter-tiolecta(10 pm diameter), in combination with the Artemia sp. diet provided in suboptimal application. Based on the results of Sulkin et al. (1998), the suboptimal application of Artemia sp, involved a cycle of co ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... community, being equal to the uncertainty of species identity when one individual is picked at random from the community. Whilst the Gini-Simpson index represents the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the community represent different species. Owing to differences in how such indi ...
... community, being equal to the uncertainty of species identity when one individual is picked at random from the community. Whilst the Gini-Simpson index represents the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the community represent different species. Owing to differences in how such indi ...
Orcas in Puget Sound - Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem
... Transient killer whales show much less stability in their social groupings. Wiles (2004) states that at least 225 transient killer whales have been photo-identified in Washington, British Columbia and Alaska, with an estimate of 300-400 transients for the entire North American west coast. About one- ...
... Transient killer whales show much less stability in their social groupings. Wiles (2004) states that at least 225 transient killer whales have been photo-identified in Washington, British Columbia and Alaska, with an estimate of 300-400 transients for the entire North American west coast. About one- ...
… et d`ailleurs / … en van andere streken
... Park, Woleu-Ntem Province, northeastern Gabon. In the latter case, the agama was very cautious however, and after each catch it retreated about half a meter back. In both cases, the cost for the prey was certainly negligible as only a relatively tiny amount of workers was taken. The disappearance of ...
... Park, Woleu-Ntem Province, northeastern Gabon. In the latter case, the agama was very cautious however, and after each catch it retreated about half a meter back. In both cases, the cost for the prey was certainly negligible as only a relatively tiny amount of workers was taken. The disappearance of ...
- Vision Landwirtschaft
... Principle of health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. This principle points out that the health of individuals and communities cannot be separated from the health of ecosystems - healthy soils produce healthy cr ...
... Principle of health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. This principle points out that the health of individuals and communities cannot be separated from the health of ecosystems - healthy soils produce healthy cr ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of White
... the potential to indirectly alter co-occurring species in communities. White-tailed deer, as ecosystem engineers, can change co-occurring animal assemblages. Grazing by deer can indirectly affect other forest inhabitants through changes in food-web interactions and the structure of habitats. Competi ...
... the potential to indirectly alter co-occurring species in communities. White-tailed deer, as ecosystem engineers, can change co-occurring animal assemblages. Grazing by deer can indirectly affect other forest inhabitants through changes in food-web interactions and the structure of habitats. Competi ...
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment
... As noted, these endogenic feedbacks can induce bistability in ecosystem dynamics, and shrub encroachment may result from a shift between the two stable states of landscapes dominated by shrub or grass (Anderies et al., 2002, van Langevelde et al., 2003, D’Odorico et al. 2006a, Ridolfi et al., 2008, O ...
... As noted, these endogenic feedbacks can induce bistability in ecosystem dynamics, and shrub encroachment may result from a shift between the two stable states of landscapes dominated by shrub or grass (Anderies et al., 2002, van Langevelde et al., 2003, D’Odorico et al. 2006a, Ridolfi et al., 2008, O ...
Rountree, R.A., and K.W. Able. 2007
... these taxa also reproduce in other habitats, with the exception of some species of fundulids, cyprinodontids and atherinids. It is interesting to note that so few species reproduce in marshes. Perhaps this rigorous environment, with its fluctuating tides, temperatures, salinities and dissolved oxyge ...
... these taxa also reproduce in other habitats, with the exception of some species of fundulids, cyprinodontids and atherinids. It is interesting to note that so few species reproduce in marshes. Perhaps this rigorous environment, with its fluctuating tides, temperatures, salinities and dissolved oxyge ...
Worst case scenario - Mark A. Hixon
... webs on undisturbed reefs vs. reefs with both human and lionfish impacts, typical of the Caribbean region. The left-hand web shows the normal trophic cascade that indirectly benefits corals. The right-hand web—the worst case scenario—shows how fishing can reduce the abundance of all larger fishes of ...
... webs on undisturbed reefs vs. reefs with both human and lionfish impacts, typical of the Caribbean region. The left-hand web shows the normal trophic cascade that indirectly benefits corals. The right-hand web—the worst case scenario—shows how fishing can reduce the abundance of all larger fishes of ...
Effectivity of Dutch Goose management during the - cr
... through kin selection probable have the best territories which give them the highest direct and inclusive fitness producing most offspring (Watson et al., 1994; Van der Jeugd et al., 2002). The best territories are usually in the centre of the breeding colony because the individuals with a lower phy ...
... through kin selection probable have the best territories which give them the highest direct and inclusive fitness producing most offspring (Watson et al., 1994; Van der Jeugd et al., 2002). The best territories are usually in the centre of the breeding colony because the individuals with a lower phy ...
714.pdf
... Urbanization and increasing human populations throughout much of the sage-grouse distribution have resulted in an extensive system of roads, power lines, railroads, and communication towers with an expanding influence on sagebrush habitats (Knick et al., this volume, chapter 12). Less than 5% of cur ...
... Urbanization and increasing human populations throughout much of the sage-grouse distribution have resulted in an extensive system of roads, power lines, railroads, and communication towers with an expanding influence on sagebrush habitats (Knick et al., this volume, chapter 12). Less than 5% of cur ...
The Northern Abalone
... around Haida Gwaii. Monitoring sites show a continuing decline in abalone numbers. Clouded by an illegal harvest of abalone whose history is as long as the closure and whose breadth has been estimated at up to 5 times the former legal quota, solid explanations for the continued population decline re ...
... around Haida Gwaii. Monitoring sites show a continuing decline in abalone numbers. Clouded by an illegal harvest of abalone whose history is as long as the closure and whose breadth has been estimated at up to 5 times the former legal quota, solid explanations for the continued population decline re ...
Grasshopper Mortality: Pathogens, Parasites, and Predators
... shell. Under some conditions, robber flies can reduce grasshopper populations by 11% to 15% (Watts et al. 1989, Hostetter 1994) (table 1). The larvae of 13 genera of bee flies (Bombyliidae) are predators of grasshopper egg pods. Bee fly eggs are deposited in soil cracks near ovipositing grasshoppers ...
... shell. Under some conditions, robber flies can reduce grasshopper populations by 11% to 15% (Watts et al. 1989, Hostetter 1994) (table 1). The larvae of 13 genera of bee flies (Bombyliidae) are predators of grasshopper egg pods. Bee fly eggs are deposited in soil cracks near ovipositing grasshoppers ...
Introduction - College of Science
... shellfish species (> $100, million/year) and because its juveniles rear in estuarine ...
... shellfish species (> $100, million/year) and because its juveniles rear in estuarine ...
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA
... Vegetation structure, species richness, composition and diversity were found to be comparable between study sites. The population structure of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) on both reserves proved to be unstable with a major recruitment failure of at least 60 years, while results indicated a more sta ...
... Vegetation structure, species richness, composition and diversity were found to be comparable between study sites. The population structure of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) on both reserves proved to be unstable with a major recruitment failure of at least 60 years, while results indicated a more sta ...
Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)
... substrate. This type of habitat is abundant throughout most watersheds in Newfoundland but the species is only found in a few of these watersheds. In addition, in watersheds where Banded Killifish occur and where there are many lakes with appropriate habitat areas, Fundulus diaphanus is often found ...
... substrate. This type of habitat is abundant throughout most watersheds in Newfoundland but the species is only found in a few of these watersheds. In addition, in watersheds where Banded Killifish occur and where there are many lakes with appropriate habitat areas, Fundulus diaphanus is often found ...
UNIVERSIDAD AUT ´ONOMA DE MADRID FACULTAD DE
... ...each organic being is either directly or indirectly related in the most important manner to other organic beings, we must see that the range of the inhabitants in any country by no means exclusively depends on insensibly changing physical conditions, but in large part on the presence of other sp ...
... ...each organic being is either directly or indirectly related in the most important manner to other organic beings, we must see that the range of the inhabitants in any country by no means exclusively depends on insensibly changing physical conditions, but in large part on the presence of other sp ...
Gadids and Alewives - Maine Center for Coastal Fisheries
... of species they prey upon is as great as cod, though haddock prefer smaller prey and while both are noted for gorging on herring spawn, haddock appear to do so more frequently than cod (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Today, gut analyses show that GOM haddock consume fewer herring then those on George ...
... of species they prey upon is as great as cod, though haddock prefer smaller prey and while both are noted for gorging on herring spawn, haddock appear to do so more frequently than cod (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). Today, gut analyses show that GOM haddock consume fewer herring then those on George ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.