The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial
... appear to play a more minor role relative to species richness (Table 1). As such, the results are in general agreement with studies that have estimated the impact of community composition using observed differences in natural communities10,11,14. The data demonstrate that it is possible in principle ...
... appear to play a more minor role relative to species richness (Table 1). As such, the results are in general agreement with studies that have estimated the impact of community composition using observed differences in natural communities10,11,14. The data demonstrate that it is possible in principle ...
Evolution in Response to Direct and Indirect Ecological Effects in
... source for bacteria, but they produced similar qualitative results (terHorst et al. 2010). The use of Tetramin allowed for a standardized, precise amount of resource to be added to each microcosm. The plastic beads served as a potential refuge from predation and competition for Colpoda and mimicked ...
... source for bacteria, but they produced similar qualitative results (terHorst et al. 2010). The use of Tetramin allowed for a standardized, precise amount of resource to be added to each microcosm. The plastic beads served as a potential refuge from predation and competition for Colpoda and mimicked ...
The Role of Benthic Invertebrate Species in Freshwater Ecosystems
... animals?”—but in the context of the Importance of individual zoobenthos. Hutchinson (1993) con- species in ecosystem processes cluded that “the Diptera are by far the most diverse order of insects in It is evident from studies of terresfresh water; they are in fact the most trial species that the nu ...
... animals?”—but in the context of the Importance of individual zoobenthos. Hutchinson (1993) con- species in ecosystem processes cluded that “the Diptera are by far the most diverse order of insects in It is evident from studies of terresfresh water; they are in fact the most trial species that the nu ...
Stochastic Modelling Unit 1: Markov chain models
... The analogous form of the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equations continues to hold, but there is no long-term limit. Even if individual behaviour is not time-homogeneous, the behaviour of the population as a whole could be treated as time-homogeneous because of statistical equilibrium. ...
... The analogous form of the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equations continues to hold, but there is no long-term limit. Even if individual behaviour is not time-homogeneous, the behaviour of the population as a whole could be treated as time-homogeneous because of statistical equilibrium. ...
PDF Version - FSU-EOAS - Florida State University
... class with which to be correlated; they are partitioning their habitat. This pattern should arise under the Sanders model (1968, 1969), but alternative explanations could also be advanced. Further, this result provides a natural history context for a test of the grain-matching model; an experimental ...
... class with which to be correlated; they are partitioning their habitat. This pattern should arise under the Sanders model (1968, 1969), but alternative explanations could also be advanced. Further, this result provides a natural history context for a test of the grain-matching model; an experimental ...
Predator–prey size relationships in an African large
... The bias against smaller prey species was corrected by relating the proportional representation of each ungulate species in the kill records (Appendix S1, Supplementary material) to the projected contribution by these species to the production of these carcasses (Appendix S2, Supplementary material) ...
... The bias against smaller prey species was corrected by relating the proportional representation of each ungulate species in the kill records (Appendix S1, Supplementary material) to the projected contribution by these species to the production of these carcasses (Appendix S2, Supplementary material) ...
Food Habits of Four Armadillo Species in the Cerrado Area, Mato
... Items found in the feces were identified by specialists (see“Acknowledgments”). Prey were identified by the body part most-often retained in samples. Termites and ants were counted based on the numbers of cephalic capsules. For other items, the most resistant part that permitted taxon identification ...
... Items found in the feces were identified by specialists (see“Acknowledgments”). Prey were identified by the body part most-often retained in samples. Termites and ants were counted based on the numbers of cephalic capsules. For other items, the most resistant part that permitted taxon identification ...
Life-history trade-off in two predator species sharing the same prey
... prey densities. All other variables were measured explicitly (see life-history measurements). Because the growth rate lumps many life history variables, each associated with a particular error, we estimated confidence intervals by bootstrapping (Meyer et al. 1986). Differences in reproduction and su ...
... prey densities. All other variables were measured explicitly (see life-history measurements). Because the growth rate lumps many life history variables, each associated with a particular error, we estimated confidence intervals by bootstrapping (Meyer et al. 1986). Differences in reproduction and su ...
Wetlands and Inner Floodplains of the Macquarie Marshes: a
... National Environmental Significance. The Act is only triggered if a particular activity is likely to have a significant impact on any of these matters. Threatened species and ecological communities are one of these Matters of National Environmental Significance. The EPBC Act defines an ecological co ...
... National Environmental Significance. The Act is only triggered if a particular activity is likely to have a significant impact on any of these matters. Threatened species and ecological communities are one of these Matters of National Environmental Significance. The EPBC Act defines an ecological co ...
Chapter 8,11,12 Guided Reading
... pg. 150-152 19. The most common interaction between species is what Ecologist call _____________________ _________________________. 20. Humans are in competition with many other species for _____________, _________________, and other resources. 21. species evolve __________________ that allow them t ...
... pg. 150-152 19. The most common interaction between species is what Ecologist call _____________________ _________________________. 20. Humans are in competition with many other species for _____________, _________________, and other resources. 21. species evolve __________________ that allow them t ...
IMPACT: Toward a framework for understanding the
... greatest impacts often occur when a nonindigenous species performs an entirely novel function in the recipient community (Simberloff 1991, Ruesink et al. 1995), such as when a mammalian predator invades an oceanic island (Elton 1958) or a nitrogen-fixing plant invades a region with nitrogen-poor soi ...
... greatest impacts often occur when a nonindigenous species performs an entirely novel function in the recipient community (Simberloff 1991, Ruesink et al. 1995), such as when a mammalian predator invades an oceanic island (Elton 1958) or a nitrogen-fixing plant invades a region with nitrogen-poor soi ...
CUSTOMARY MANAGEMENT OF INDIGENOUS SPECIES: A
... species whether or not harvesting is likely to ever be possible. Where harvesting does become an option in the future for a particular species we are certain that it will be done under the primary constraint of its guaranteed survival. Sustainability of course needs to be scientifically defined in t ...
... species whether or not harvesting is likely to ever be possible. Where harvesting does become an option in the future for a particular species we are certain that it will be done under the primary constraint of its guaranteed survival. Sustainability of course needs to be scientifically defined in t ...
Coexistence and relative abundance in annual plant assemblages
... competitors has long been hypothesized and has received consistent empirical support for both perennial and annual systems (Black 1958; Gross and Werner 1982; Gross 1984; McConnaughay and Bazzaz 1987; Rees 1995; Eriksson 1997; Turnbull et al. 1999; Freckleton and Watkinson 2001; Leishman 2001; see L ...
... competitors has long been hypothesized and has received consistent empirical support for both perennial and annual systems (Black 1958; Gross and Werner 1982; Gross 1984; McConnaughay and Bazzaz 1987; Rees 1995; Eriksson 1997; Turnbull et al. 1999; Freckleton and Watkinson 2001; Leishman 2001; see L ...
Understanding Our Environment - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Johnson - The Living World: 3rd Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
... Johnson - The Living World: 3rd Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
Buteo galapagoensis, Galapagos Hawk
... The most probable cause of the species's historical decline is persecution by humans (de Vries 1973), which still continues on Santa Cruz and south Isabela (H. Vargas and F. Cruz in litt. 2000) but is now a fairly uncommon practice elsewhere (D. Wiedenfeld in litt. 2012). The largest island, Isabela ...
... The most probable cause of the species's historical decline is persecution by humans (de Vries 1973), which still continues on Santa Cruz and south Isabela (H. Vargas and F. Cruz in litt. 2000) but is now a fairly uncommon practice elsewhere (D. Wiedenfeld in litt. 2012). The largest island, Isabela ...
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity - Zamorascience
... 2b. Why is biodiversity higher (a) near coasts than in the open sea and (b) on the ocean’s bottoms than at its surface? (p. 250) ...
... 2b. Why is biodiversity higher (a) near coasts than in the open sea and (b) on the ocean’s bottoms than at its surface? (p. 250) ...
73252-05_Lecture_3e
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and
... days and was repeated once within 8 days. In the morning of the first day, live pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) of the third or fourth instar were glued to plastic labels (three per label) by at least two of their legs and part of their abdomen. Odourless superglue was used. At noon, the labels were ...
... days and was repeated once within 8 days. In the morning of the first day, live pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) of the third or fourth instar were glued to plastic labels (three per label) by at least two of their legs and part of their abdomen. Odourless superglue was used. At noon, the labels were ...
Learning Objectives WJEC A2 Introduction to Ecology Understand
... Explain how energy enters the ecosystem Explain what happens to energy as it is transferred through a food chain Describe gross and net production Draw pyramids of number, biomass and energy ...
... Explain how energy enters the ecosystem Explain what happens to energy as it is transferred through a food chain Describe gross and net production Draw pyramids of number, biomass and energy ...
Vegetation dynamics and community assembly in post
... dataset, the ecological relevance of this wonderful area became clear. The more I familiarized with the history of Nørholm, the more interesting ecological questions and patterns arose which ultimately led me to dedicate my PhD study solely to this site. Coming from Guatemala, most of my experience ...
... dataset, the ecological relevance of this wonderful area became clear. The more I familiarized with the history of Nørholm, the more interesting ecological questions and patterns arose which ultimately led me to dedicate my PhD study solely to this site. Coming from Guatemala, most of my experience ...
a review and synthesis1
... of mimicry between two unpalatable species, Fryer (1959) developed a graphical/verbal model to consider the effects of predators on the diversification of sibling species. His arguments were developed in response to proposals by Worthington (1937, 1940, 1954) and Jackson (1961) that radiations of ci ...
... of mimicry between two unpalatable species, Fryer (1959) developed a graphical/verbal model to consider the effects of predators on the diversification of sibling species. His arguments were developed in response to proposals by Worthington (1937, 1940, 1954) and Jackson (1961) that radiations of ci ...
Effects of neighboring organisms on the growth of three intertidal
... with the feeding currents (Buss 1979, LaBarbera 1981, Okamura 1984, 1985, Best & Thorpe 1986). They also affect growth rate, survival, shape and reproductive output of the sedentary organisms (Broom 1982, Peterson 1982, Okamura 1986, Peterson & Beal 1989, Zajac et al. 1989, Romano 1990, Alino et al. ...
... with the feeding currents (Buss 1979, LaBarbera 1981, Okamura 1984, 1985, Best & Thorpe 1986). They also affect growth rate, survival, shape and reproductive output of the sedentary organisms (Broom 1982, Peterson 1982, Okamura 1986, Peterson & Beal 1989, Zajac et al. 1989, Romano 1990, Alino et al. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.