1 - contentextra
... Lionfish have become the second most abundant species of fish from the Bahamas to North Carolina. In the Bahamas they feed on more than 41 species of fish, including commercially valuable species like grouper and snapper as well as fish that keep the reefs clean of algae. Pterois could have a signif ...
... Lionfish have become the second most abundant species of fish from the Bahamas to North Carolina. In the Bahamas they feed on more than 41 species of fish, including commercially valuable species like grouper and snapper as well as fish that keep the reefs clean of algae. Pterois could have a signif ...
Effects of neighboring organisms on the growth of three intertidal
... with the feeding currents (Buss 1979, LaBarbera 1981, Okamura 1984, 1985, Best & Thorpe 1986). They also affect growth rate, survival, shape and reproductive output of the sedentary organisms (Broom 1982, Peterson 1982, Okamura 1986, Peterson & Beal 1989, Zajac et al. 1989, Romano 1990, Alino et al. ...
... with the feeding currents (Buss 1979, LaBarbera 1981, Okamura 1984, 1985, Best & Thorpe 1986). They also affect growth rate, survival, shape and reproductive output of the sedentary organisms (Broom 1982, Peterson 1982, Okamura 1986, Peterson & Beal 1989, Zajac et al. 1989, Romano 1990, Alino et al. ...
Lecture 17 Notes: Anti-predation behavior
... Altruistic: Help others in the group, while betraying own location to the predator Selfish: Elicit a mass escape and benefit from the dilution and confusion effects. ...
... Altruistic: Help others in the group, while betraying own location to the predator Selfish: Elicit a mass escape and benefit from the dilution and confusion effects. ...
Day 1 Session 2 An introduction to fish population dynamics
... Bt = Biomass of fish in the current year R = Biomass of new recruits (e.g. in one years time) G = Additonal biomass due to growth of current fish M = Biomass of fish from current population that died. ...
... Bt = Biomass of fish in the current year R = Biomass of new recruits (e.g. in one years time) G = Additonal biomass due to growth of current fish M = Biomass of fish from current population that died. ...
... its goal the making of one or more comparisons with several repeated samples or treatments [5]. These kinds of experiments are subject to several classes of potential problems, called ‘sources of confusion’: temporal change, procedure effects, experimenter bias, random error, initial or inherent var ...
biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning
... Such detrital material is largely derived from macroalgae; on shores that are dominated by microalgae, much of the primary production passes directly into a diverse assemblage of in situ grazers (Mann 1973, Miller and Mann 1973, Raffaelli and Hawkins 1996, Leguerrier et al. 2003). Changes in cover o ...
... Such detrital material is largely derived from macroalgae; on shores that are dominated by microalgae, much of the primary production passes directly into a diverse assemblage of in situ grazers (Mann 1973, Miller and Mann 1973, Raffaelli and Hawkins 1996, Leguerrier et al. 2003). Changes in cover o ...
Predicting ecosystem stability from community
... et al. 2010; Allan et al. 2011). The derivation proceeds as follows. First, we compute the deterministic equilibrium values of model (1) in the absence of any stochasticity. Second, we assume that the system reaches a stationary state, and we linearise Equations (1) and (2) around the equilibrium by ...
... et al. 2010; Allan et al. 2011). The derivation proceeds as follows. First, we compute the deterministic equilibrium values of model (1) in the absence of any stochasticity. Second, we assume that the system reaches a stationary state, and we linearise Equations (1) and (2) around the equilibrium by ...
Ecology, Ecosystems and Food Webs
... the ecosphere, containing numerous ecosystems. major aquatic life zones: lakes, streams, estuaries, coastlines, coral reefs, & the deep ...
... the ecosphere, containing numerous ecosystems. major aquatic life zones: lakes, streams, estuaries, coastlines, coral reefs, & the deep ...
Plight of the Pollinators: Factors of Pollinator Decline
... millions of different species that live on our planet, as well as the genetic differences within species. It also refers to the multitude of different ecosystems in which species form unique communities, interacting with one another and the air, water and soil. • genetic diversity • species diversit ...
... millions of different species that live on our planet, as well as the genetic differences within species. It also refers to the multitude of different ecosystems in which species form unique communities, interacting with one another and the air, water and soil. • genetic diversity • species diversit ...
Why are larger individuals of a particular species eaten more
... A scientist has observed that when a primate predator is given the chance to choose prey from a population of Tetra cryptoforma, the predator tends to eat the largest ones and hypothesizes that “Larger” Tetra cryptoforma are eaten more often than smaller ones because they are the easier to see.” Tet ...
... A scientist has observed that when a primate predator is given the chance to choose prey from a population of Tetra cryptoforma, the predator tends to eat the largest ones and hypothesizes that “Larger” Tetra cryptoforma are eaten more often than smaller ones because they are the easier to see.” Tet ...
Ch5WithgottPPT2
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
why the world is green, the waters are blue and food webs in small
... The question “Why is the world green?” has been debated and researched ever since the seminal paper of Hairston et al. (1960). Three main hypotheses were generated to explain why a large part of terrestrial plant biomass is not eaten by herbivores: (1) predators control herbivores (especially folivo ...
... The question “Why is the world green?” has been debated and researched ever since the seminal paper of Hairston et al. (1960). Three main hypotheses were generated to explain why a large part of terrestrial plant biomass is not eaten by herbivores: (1) predators control herbivores (especially folivo ...
Chemical cues, defence metabolites and the shaping of pelagic
... planktonic food webs. However, only recently have improvements in chemical methods, coupled with ecological assays, led to the characterization of chemical cues that affect the behaviour and/or physiology of planktonic organisms. We are currently beginning to elucidate if or how chemical signals can ...
... planktonic food webs. However, only recently have improvements in chemical methods, coupled with ecological assays, led to the characterization of chemical cues that affect the behaviour and/or physiology of planktonic organisms. We are currently beginning to elucidate if or how chemical signals can ...
Species Assemblage and Habitat Use of Bats in a Northeastern
... identification precision. Although acoustic detectors are an important resource, they are not without limitations. Misidentification rates can range from 5 to 30% and may never be eliminated between species with similar call structure, such as species in the genus Myotis (Armitage and Ober 2010, Br ...
... identification precision. Although acoustic detectors are an important resource, they are not without limitations. Misidentification rates can range from 5 to 30% and may never be eliminated between species with similar call structure, such as species in the genus Myotis (Armitage and Ober 2010, Br ...
Individuals from different-looking animal species may group together
... to reconstruct individual prey items from mixed-species groups in a retinotopic map. Over the majority of parameter space, cryptic prey items benefit from association with conspicuous prey because this particular visual combination worsens predator targeting of cryptic individuals. However, this ben ...
... to reconstruct individual prey items from mixed-species groups in a retinotopic map. Over the majority of parameter space, cryptic prey items benefit from association with conspicuous prey because this particular visual combination worsens predator targeting of cryptic individuals. However, this ben ...
3-1 What Is Ecology? - Blue Valley Schools
... that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment. A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. The highest level of organization that ecologists study is the entire biosphere itself. ...
... that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment. A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. The highest level of organization that ecologists study is the entire biosphere itself. ...
Science and Economics in the Management of an Invasive Species
... The management measures applied in the California Dungeness crab fishery (limited access, closed season, gear restrictions, and size and sex restrictions) suggest that fishing costs cut substantially into resource rents. Dewees and colleagues (2004) explain that the fishery has been “fully and inten ...
... The management measures applied in the California Dungeness crab fishery (limited access, closed season, gear restrictions, and size and sex restrictions) suggest that fishing costs cut substantially into resource rents. Dewees and colleagues (2004) explain that the fishery has been “fully and inten ...
The Role of Consumers in Community Diversity
... by both; 2. Consumers affect rates of movement of materials among different pools; 3. Consumers can determine the distribution of biomass among trophic groups; 4. Stability and reliability of systems & populations is affected by trophic structure as well as numbers of species within trophic groups; ...
... by both; 2. Consumers affect rates of movement of materials among different pools; 3. Consumers can determine the distribution of biomass among trophic groups; 4. Stability and reliability of systems & populations is affected by trophic structure as well as numbers of species within trophic groups; ...
Soysambu Conservancy
... mountain range, Bahati, Mau and Aberdare forest which form a very important water catchment area for the lake groundwater flows. Elmenteita is one of the major flamingo Lakes in Kenya. The lake itself fluctuates between 19 and 22 km2 with a depth of about 2 m and has a terrestrial buffer zone of 108 ...
... mountain range, Bahati, Mau and Aberdare forest which form a very important water catchment area for the lake groundwater flows. Elmenteita is one of the major flamingo Lakes in Kenya. The lake itself fluctuates between 19 and 22 km2 with a depth of about 2 m and has a terrestrial buffer zone of 108 ...
1304 Exam 2 Review - FacultyWeb Support Center
... organisms that possess Cnidocytes (stinging cells). If any common attribute or characteristic for a particular organism is missing or is vastly different from other “similar” organisms, the common attributes that “define” a certain taxonomic level (or “taxon”) may warrant placing the organism into a ...
... organisms that possess Cnidocytes (stinging cells). If any common attribute or characteristic for a particular organism is missing or is vastly different from other “similar” organisms, the common attributes that “define” a certain taxonomic level (or “taxon”) may warrant placing the organism into a ...
Urban, M. C. 2007. Predator size and phenology shape prey survival
... Body size asymmetries often determine the outcome of predator–prey interactions (Wilson 1975; Peters 1983; de Roos et al. 2003a) because the size of a predator’s gape or capture apparatus frequently constrains its ability to handle large prey (Hambright 1991; Scharf et al. 2000). Therefore, a gape-l ...
... Body size asymmetries often determine the outcome of predator–prey interactions (Wilson 1975; Peters 1983; de Roos et al. 2003a) because the size of a predator’s gape or capture apparatus frequently constrains its ability to handle large prey (Hambright 1991; Scharf et al. 2000). Therefore, a gape-l ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.