Secondary Productivity in Terrestrial Communities Institute of
... population if both prenatal and postnatal growth are considered. If only postnatal growth is measured, then the biomass of newborn animals must be added to the total. If the population is in equilibrium, secondary production is also equivalent to the caloric equivalent of all individuals dying (yiel ...
... population if both prenatal and postnatal growth are considered. If only postnatal growth is measured, then the biomass of newborn animals must be added to the total. If the population is in equilibrium, secondary production is also equivalent to the caloric equivalent of all individuals dying (yiel ...
The Altitudinal Niche-Breadth Hypothesis in Insect
... 344 Insect-Plant Interactions Besides the obviously arbitrary nature of classifying phytophagous insects into three categories (i.e. first there is a completely graded spectrum between species that will eat only a single plant species to those that consume a high number of distantly-related plant ...
... 344 Insect-Plant Interactions Besides the obviously arbitrary nature of classifying phytophagous insects into three categories (i.e. first there is a completely graded spectrum between species that will eat only a single plant species to those that consume a high number of distantly-related plant ...
The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators
... We searched four databases of published literature using relevant search terms with no restrictions applied on year or language (Table 1). Broad search terms such as ‘human’ were used because very few returns were found when using more specific terms such as ‘anthropogenic’ (Table 1). Our searches w ...
... We searched four databases of published literature using relevant search terms with no restrictions applied on year or language (Table 1). Broad search terms such as ‘human’ were used because very few returns were found when using more specific terms such as ‘anthropogenic’ (Table 1). Our searches w ...
Role and consequences of fish diversity in the functioning of African
... and transfer of matter and energy at different temporal :and spatial scales) rather than to the species involved. They used simplified approaches based on a system’s underlying structure and function in order to explain its dynamics and left species diversity out of consideration (Le Cren and Lowe-M ...
... and transfer of matter and energy at different temporal :and spatial scales) rather than to the species involved. They used simplified approaches based on a system’s underlying structure and function in order to explain its dynamics and left species diversity out of consideration (Le Cren and Lowe-M ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
... termine the cause of death of those Clztlza~~lalzrs numbered area consistetl of one o r more glass lnaps located in the 1/10 m2. They were mapped that settled belom \.f.H.\Y.N. A s t u d ~ % h i cwas h being carried on at this titne had revealed that in RIarch and April, 1954, before the main setphy ...
... termine the cause of death of those Clztlza~~lalzrs numbered area consistetl of one o r more glass lnaps located in the 1/10 m2. They were mapped that settled belom \.f.H.\Y.N. A s t u d ~ % h i cwas h being carried on at this titne had revealed that in RIarch and April, 1954, before the main setphy ...
dividends_from_diversity_lesson-new
... Pollution, human over-Population, and Over-harvesting. Due largely to these pressures, scientists predict that 30% of species alive in 2000 will be extinct by 2050. Faced with a global decline in biodiversity, it is critical to understand the importance of biodiversity. High levels of biodiversity c ...
... Pollution, human over-Population, and Over-harvesting. Due largely to these pressures, scientists predict that 30% of species alive in 2000 will be extinct by 2050. Faced with a global decline in biodiversity, it is critical to understand the importance of biodiversity. High levels of biodiversity c ...
A hierarchical model of whole assemblage island biogeography
... islands of Northern Melanesia and use it to investigate a) whether dispersal limitation structures bird assemblages across the archipelago, b) whether species differ in dispersal ability, and c) test the hypothesis that wing aspect ratio, a trait linked to flight efficiency, predicts differences inf ...
... islands of Northern Melanesia and use it to investigate a) whether dispersal limitation structures bird assemblages across the archipelago, b) whether species differ in dispersal ability, and c) test the hypothesis that wing aspect ratio, a trait linked to flight efficiency, predicts differences inf ...
Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of
... ABSTRACT: The functioning of the global ecosystem is mediated in large part by pelagic marine organisms through their influence on biomass production, elemental cycling, and atmospheric composition. Growing theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the stability and functioning of this comple ...
... ABSTRACT: The functioning of the global ecosystem is mediated in large part by pelagic marine organisms through their influence on biomass production, elemental cycling, and atmospheric composition. Growing theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the stability and functioning of this comple ...
Diversity effects beyond species richness: evidence from intertidal macroalgal assemblages Francisco Arenas
... flux (Migné et al. 2002). The entire set of incubations took around 2:30 to 2:45 h per boulder. Because oxygen availability is highly dependent on pH levels, variations in pH were continuously monitored inside the incubation chamber using a pH probe connected to a data-logger. Mean (± SE) pH values ...
... flux (Migné et al. 2002). The entire set of incubations took around 2:30 to 2:45 h per boulder. Because oxygen availability is highly dependent on pH levels, variations in pH were continuously monitored inside the incubation chamber using a pH probe connected to a data-logger. Mean (± SE) pH values ...
Seasonal Changes in Zooplankton Communities
... size of "invisible" parts of the body like the helmet and spines, and do not increase "visible" body size, which would lead to increased predation by larger organisms. [differential apparent size growth - helmet vs carapace] ii. predator-prey hypothesis #2: The visual predator hypothesis: Predators ...
... size of "invisible" parts of the body like the helmet and spines, and do not increase "visible" body size, which would lead to increased predation by larger organisms. [differential apparent size growth - helmet vs carapace] ii. predator-prey hypothesis #2: The visual predator hypothesis: Predators ...
Unit 1 Review
... Energy enters at the first tropic level (producers), where there is a large amount of biomass, and therefore much energy It takes large quantities of organisms in one tropic level to meet the energy needs of the next trophic level. Each level loses large amounts of the energy it gathers throug ...
... Energy enters at the first tropic level (producers), where there is a large amount of biomass, and therefore much energy It takes large quantities of organisms in one tropic level to meet the energy needs of the next trophic level. Each level loses large amounts of the energy it gathers throug ...
Ecosystem of Change
... a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. Secondary succession could result from a fire, flood, or human action such as farming. For example, a forest fire might kill all the trees and other plants in a forest, leaving behind only charred wood and soil. Does a changing ecosystem ever stop changi ...
... a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. Secondary succession could result from a fire, flood, or human action such as farming. For example, a forest fire might kill all the trees and other plants in a forest, leaving behind only charred wood and soil. Does a changing ecosystem ever stop changi ...
Introduction
... The introduction's third task is to outline the logical progression of the paper by summarizing its content. In one or two sentences, it specifies the structure of the paper by listing its main ideas in the correct order. Here are a few ways of organizing your ideas: Adopt a linear outline by buildi ...
... The introduction's third task is to outline the logical progression of the paper by summarizing its content. In one or two sentences, it specifies the structure of the paper by listing its main ideas in the correct order. Here are a few ways of organizing your ideas: Adopt a linear outline by buildi ...
Science 1206 - Unit 1 (Ecology)
... resources to food, water, shelter, and mates. 2. Temperature - Environmental temperature affects biological processes and the ability of most organisms to regulate their temperature. Few organisms have active metabolisms at temperatures below 0oC or above 45oC because enzymes function best within a ...
... resources to food, water, shelter, and mates. 2. Temperature - Environmental temperature affects biological processes and the ability of most organisms to regulate their temperature. Few organisms have active metabolisms at temperatures below 0oC or above 45oC because enzymes function best within a ...
File - Team Downend
... eat herring that eat zooplankton that eat phytoplankton, that make their own energy from sunlight). Think about how people's place in the food chain varies - often within a single meal. Numbers of Organisms: In any food web, energy is lost each time one organism eats another. Because of this, there ...
... eat herring that eat zooplankton that eat phytoplankton, that make their own energy from sunlight). Think about how people's place in the food chain varies - often within a single meal. Numbers of Organisms: In any food web, energy is lost each time one organism eats another. Because of this, there ...
Ecosystem 1
... Features of Ecosystem Ecosystems differ in size and shape. An ecosystem can be as large as dessert and as small as puddle Various examples of an ecosystem include a pond, a forest, a grassland and an estuary Study of an ecosystem consists biological organisms (biotic component) and physical ...
... Features of Ecosystem Ecosystems differ in size and shape. An ecosystem can be as large as dessert and as small as puddle Various examples of an ecosystem include a pond, a forest, a grassland and an estuary Study of an ecosystem consists biological organisms (biotic component) and physical ...
Aquatic invasive species
... lakes, rivers and wetlands. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and salinities and can easily survive in disturbed and polluted environments. It is a catadromous species that lives in freshwater and reproduces in saltwater. ...
... lakes, rivers and wetlands. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and salinities and can easily survive in disturbed and polluted environments. It is a catadromous species that lives in freshwater and reproduces in saltwater. ...
File - Mr. Greening`s Science
... 51. What would most likely occur after an ecosystem is disrupted by fire? A) The ecosystem would eventually return to its original state. B) The ecosystem would return to its previous state immediately. C) The ecosystem would evolve into a new ecosystem that is totally different from the ...
... 51. What would most likely occur after an ecosystem is disrupted by fire? A) The ecosystem would eventually return to its original state. B) The ecosystem would return to its previous state immediately. C) The ecosystem would evolve into a new ecosystem that is totally different from the ...
Predicting changes in the distribution and abundance of species
... being that for a location to be within the species’ range, populations must be able to establish there and increase from low density. If the population experiences strictly negative density dependence, the intrinsic growth rate is approached as population density approaches zero. However, with posit ...
... being that for a location to be within the species’ range, populations must be able to establish there and increase from low density. If the population experiences strictly negative density dependence, the intrinsic growth rate is approached as population density approaches zero. However, with posit ...
Seqential Predation: A Multi
... The asymmetry in the two predator-prey relations is expressed explicitly in eqns (1): specific rate of predation on early prey depends only on predator density, whereas on late prey it depends on both predator and early prey density. Consequently, predator density has a different effect on each of t ...
... The asymmetry in the two predator-prey relations is expressed explicitly in eqns (1): specific rate of predation on early prey depends only on predator density, whereas on late prey it depends on both predator and early prey density. Consequently, predator density has a different effect on each of t ...
Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts
... harvesting may degrade the properties and resilience of food webs. We present a comprehensive, coastal marine food web that includes 147 taxa cooccurring on shallow subtidal reefs along the highly productive and exploited Humboldt Current System of central Chile. This food web has connectance of 0.0 ...
... harvesting may degrade the properties and resilience of food webs. We present a comprehensive, coastal marine food web that includes 147 taxa cooccurring on shallow subtidal reefs along the highly productive and exploited Humboldt Current System of central Chile. This food web has connectance of 0.0 ...
Chapter 3 THE BIOSPHERE Introduction
... • Biogeochemical cycles are crucial to life but are being greatly disturbed by human activity. • Most of the cycles are being accelerated, causing both depletion of resources and pollution. • Major consequences are likely to occur but no one knows how drastic or how dangerous the effects will be. ...
... • Biogeochemical cycles are crucial to life but are being greatly disturbed by human activity. • Most of the cycles are being accelerated, causing both depletion of resources and pollution. • Major consequences are likely to occur but no one knows how drastic or how dangerous the effects will be. ...
2000 - CiteSeerX
... which predator, as well as prey, density was varied (see meta-analyses9,10). However, few such studies were carried out, and most of these were performed in arti- ...
... which predator, as well as prey, density was varied (see meta-analyses9,10). However, few such studies were carried out, and most of these were performed in arti- ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.