Document
... TAKS PRACTICE Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic relationship? F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitis ...
... TAKS PRACTICE Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic relationship? F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitis ...
The Rise of the Mesopredator
... are relaxed, as they most commonly are in fragmented landscapes, the setting is ideal for the explosive growth of mesopredator populations. A fundamental challenge in demonstrating mesopredator release is ruling out alternative explanations for mesopredator overabundance, such as the habitat changes ...
... are relaxed, as they most commonly are in fragmented landscapes, the setting is ideal for the explosive growth of mesopredator populations. A fundamental challenge in demonstrating mesopredator release is ruling out alternative explanations for mesopredator overabundance, such as the habitat changes ...
Fig. 3 - ePrints Soton - University of Southampton
... when safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems that provide essential services to society. Alterations to biodiversity influence the functioning of ecosystems and, by extension, the services that benefit human society, as evidenced by a plethora of experiments that have altered the number of genes, s ...
... when safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems that provide essential services to society. Alterations to biodiversity influence the functioning of ecosystems and, by extension, the services that benefit human society, as evidenced by a plethora of experiments that have altered the number of genes, s ...
Biotic and abiotic interactions controlling starfish
... may have occurred because of poor recruitment related to the cold winter of 1984-1985 and even colder winter of 1985-1986. In these years, an absence of recruitment of the burrowing ophiuroid Acrocnida brachiata was also recorded in the Bay (Bourgoin et al., 1991). Although we did not examine the ef ...
... may have occurred because of poor recruitment related to the cold winter of 1984-1985 and even colder winter of 1985-1986. In these years, an absence of recruitment of the burrowing ophiuroid Acrocnida brachiata was also recorded in the Bay (Bourgoin et al., 1991). Although we did not examine the ef ...
EIS Aquatic Ecology Impact Assessment
... project development area are generally species that tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. However, seven fish species that are considered to be potentially locally threatened were identified, as known to be present or likely to be present, in the project development area. The species ar ...
... project development area are generally species that tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. However, seven fish species that are considered to be potentially locally threatened were identified, as known to be present or likely to be present, in the project development area. The species ar ...
VonHolle_Simberloff_2005 - UCF College of Sciences
... Many factors can covary with the species richness of an area, such as disturbance, nutrients, climate, and propagule pressure. These extrinsic factors influence invaders and residents alike and appear to affect relationships between species richness and invasibility (Levine and D’Antonio 1999, Naeem ...
... Many factors can covary with the species richness of an area, such as disturbance, nutrients, climate, and propagule pressure. These extrinsic factors influence invaders and residents alike and appear to affect relationships between species richness and invasibility (Levine and D’Antonio 1999, Naeem ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
Conceptual food web model for Cape Cod Bay, with
... Interaction of Biology with the Environment, an Ecosystem Perspective The biological food web is embedded in an ecological setting where a variety of physical and biogeochemical features can shape dynamics of the food web in time and space (Figure 2). The precise interplay between biological species ...
... Interaction of Biology with the Environment, an Ecosystem Perspective The biological food web is embedded in an ecological setting where a variety of physical and biogeochemical features can shape dynamics of the food web in time and space (Figure 2). The precise interplay between biological species ...
Integrating and Conservation Biology Agriculture
... sity’s sake” for years (see Kareiva and Levin 2003), there the loss of biodiversity (in both natural and managed comis still a tendency within agricultural circles to focus on munities) and the sustainability of normal, healthy ecosysbiodiversity strictly in terms of crop production benefits. tem fu ...
... sity’s sake” for years (see Kareiva and Levin 2003), there the loss of biodiversity (in both natural and managed comis still a tendency within agricultural circles to focus on munities) and the sustainability of normal, healthy ecosysbiodiversity strictly in terms of crop production benefits. tem fu ...
species interactions in intertidal food webs: prey or predation
... Whelk densities before manipulations were compared using two-way ANOVA with Mytilus and Pisaster densities as orthogonal treatments. Log-transformed data exhibited visually normal distribution and variance homogeneity according to Cochran’s C test (Underwood 1997). Log transformation seemed appropri ...
... Whelk densities before manipulations were compared using two-way ANOVA with Mytilus and Pisaster densities as orthogonal treatments. Log-transformed data exhibited visually normal distribution and variance homogeneity according to Cochran’s C test (Underwood 1997). Log transformation seemed appropri ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... contained in one trophic level passes to the next. In fern fact only about 10% of the energy stored in one level is stored in the next. Explain why this number is so low. stored in the next. Explain why this number is so low. 3 reasons: ...
... contained in one trophic level passes to the next. In fern fact only about 10% of the energy stored in one level is stored in the next. Explain why this number is so low. stored in the next. Explain why this number is so low. 3 reasons: ...
Healthy Aquatic Ecosystems
... decisions within a broader landscape approach, thereby facilitating the achievement of the three goals of Alberta’s Water for Life strategy. ...
... decisions within a broader landscape approach, thereby facilitating the achievement of the three goals of Alberta’s Water for Life strategy. ...
1 Limnology 2009 Section 15 Phytoplankton and Primary Production
... In short, it is clear that changes in shape can have a large effect on sinking rate. However, as Lampert and Sommer point out (p67), such shapes may well be more significant as defense mechanisms against grazers. swimming: Reynolds, p97: “The swimming movements of motile organisms can appear very im ...
... In short, it is clear that changes in shape can have a large effect on sinking rate. However, as Lampert and Sommer point out (p67), such shapes may well be more significant as defense mechanisms against grazers. swimming: Reynolds, p97: “The swimming movements of motile organisms can appear very im ...
Plankton: the paradox and the power law arXiv
... Clearly, real-world assemblages only support a finite number of species, and must have lower and upper bounds to cell size. This calls for a numerical analysis as given in this paper. To keep a close link to the mathematical theory (Cuesta et al., 2017), we retain its assumptions about allometric sc ...
... Clearly, real-world assemblages only support a finite number of species, and must have lower and upper bounds to cell size. This calls for a numerical analysis as given in this paper. To keep a close link to the mathematical theory (Cuesta et al., 2017), we retain its assumptions about allometric sc ...
State of the World 1998: Chapter 1, The Future of Growth
... problems for exploring the dimensions of the current mass extinction—and the possible responses to it. If we do not even know how many species there are, how can we be sure about the true scale of current species losses? If we do not understand most species’ ecological relationships, how can we tell ...
... problems for exploring the dimensions of the current mass extinction—and the possible responses to it. If we do not even know how many species there are, how can we be sure about the true scale of current species losses? If we do not understand most species’ ecological relationships, how can we tell ...
Food Webs and Symbiosis-Rainforests and Taiga
... wherein one organism is eaten by another member that belongs to a higher trophic level (nutritional level). As the term goes, taiga biome food chain represents the flow of food energy from one organi ...
... wherein one organism is eaten by another member that belongs to a higher trophic level (nutritional level). As the term goes, taiga biome food chain represents the flow of food energy from one organi ...
A research project from The National Center for Agricultural Law... the University of Arkansas •
... forthcoming series—is about the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to the conservation of biodiversity in the developed world–or at least in a significant part of it–from the perspective of law and policy. By contrasting efforts in Great Britain and the United States to deal with biodiv ...
... forthcoming series—is about the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to the conservation of biodiversity in the developed world–or at least in a significant part of it–from the perspective of law and policy. By contrasting efforts in Great Britain and the United States to deal with biodiv ...
TCR White The Inadequate Environment
... believe we cannot expect to find general patterns there. Unlike physics, they say, there can be no hard laws of ecology that will encompass the ever-growing diversity of life; every case will be different. Many delight in this diversity, and present evidence for it in detailed descriptions of the st ...
... believe we cannot expect to find general patterns there. Unlike physics, they say, there can be no hard laws of ecology that will encompass the ever-growing diversity of life; every case will be different. Many delight in this diversity, and present evidence for it in detailed descriptions of the st ...
KLEE: a long-term multi-species herbivore
... Virtually all indigenous large mammal species in Kenya have more individuals on multiple-use lands (mostly on semi-arid range lands) than on land inside parks and reserves (Mbugua 1986, Western 1989). The future of these populations depends on the interaction between enlightened rangeland management ...
... Virtually all indigenous large mammal species in Kenya have more individuals on multiple-use lands (mostly on semi-arid range lands) than on land inside parks and reserves (Mbugua 1986, Western 1989). The future of these populations depends on the interaction between enlightened rangeland management ...
Full article
... glands secrete mucus to facilitate the transport of food into the esophagus, where esophageal (pharyngeal) glands release enzymatic secretions for carbohydrate digestion. Proteolytic activity is largely extracellular and occurs in the stomach, where the food mixes with enzymatic secretions released ...
... glands secrete mucus to facilitate the transport of food into the esophagus, where esophageal (pharyngeal) glands release enzymatic secretions for carbohydrate digestion. Proteolytic activity is largely extracellular and occurs in the stomach, where the food mixes with enzymatic secretions released ...
Environmental Science
... Secondary succession can occur in ecosystems that have been _____________________ or disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process such as storms, floods, earthquakes, or __________________________________________. A pioneer species is a species that colonizes an ______________________________ ...
... Secondary succession can occur in ecosystems that have been _____________________ or disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process such as storms, floods, earthquakes, or __________________________________________. A pioneer species is a species that colonizes an ______________________________ ...
Predation of Frankliniella occidentalis by Orius insidiosus on plant
... (1995). C. menes has several generations a year. It completes a life cycle in about one month. Sampling showed that A. fasciatipennis was about 5% of the total predators collected in alfalfa and about 15% of those in S. officinale flowers. The low numbers of these predators and its polyphagy suggest ...
... (1995). C. menes has several generations a year. It completes a life cycle in about one month. Sampling showed that A. fasciatipennis was about 5% of the total predators collected in alfalfa and about 15% of those in S. officinale flowers. The low numbers of these predators and its polyphagy suggest ...
The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial
... appear to play a more minor role relative to species richness (Table 1). As such, the results are in general agreement with studies that have estimated the impact of community composition using observed differences in natural communities10,11,14. The data demonstrate that it is possible in principle ...
... appear to play a more minor role relative to species richness (Table 1). As such, the results are in general agreement with studies that have estimated the impact of community composition using observed differences in natural communities10,11,14. The data demonstrate that it is possible in principle ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.