A2 5.3.1 Ecosystems
... • define the term ecosystem; • state that ecosystems are dynamic systems; • define the terms biotic factor and abiotic factor, using named examples; • define the terms producer, consumer, decomposer and trophic level; • describe how energy is transferred though ecosystems; • outline how energy trans ...
... • define the term ecosystem; • state that ecosystems are dynamic systems; • define the terms biotic factor and abiotic factor, using named examples; • define the terms producer, consumer, decomposer and trophic level; • describe how energy is transferred though ecosystems; • outline how energy trans ...
The global ocean is an ecosystem: simulating marine life and fisheries
... to use the present model for in future studies) and because it is by far the most used methodology for marine ecosystems, (e.g. Coll et al., 2008a). However, we emphasize that there is a need to develop alternative model forms for comparative purposes. It is also relevant to consider as an argument ...
... to use the present model for in future studies) and because it is by far the most used methodology for marine ecosystems, (e.g. Coll et al., 2008a). However, we emphasize that there is a need to develop alternative model forms for comparative purposes. It is also relevant to consider as an argument ...
Differences in diet between two rodent species, Mastomys
... a homogeneous distribution in fallow land over time since no difference was observed between seasons. The empirical approach to the ecological coexistence problem is embodied by resource partitioning studies; both make the assumption that communities are competitively structured (Gordon 2000). But o ...
... a homogeneous distribution in fallow land over time since no difference was observed between seasons. The empirical approach to the ecological coexistence problem is embodied by resource partitioning studies; both make the assumption that communities are competitively structured (Gordon 2000). But o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... nature and suggested it was because they competitively exclude one another. The expectation that close relatives experience greater competition than distant relatives has become known as the ‘‘competitionrelatedness hypothesis (CRH).’’ The CRH is predicated on the assumption that closely related spe ...
... nature and suggested it was because they competitively exclude one another. The expectation that close relatives experience greater competition than distant relatives has become known as the ‘‘competitionrelatedness hypothesis (CRH).’’ The CRH is predicated on the assumption that closely related spe ...
Introduced mammal impacts on seabirds in the Îles Éparses
... Invasive mammals have devastated endemic island communities throughout the world, and seabirds have proven particularly vulnerable, with many species extinctions. Introduced predators have had the greatest effect through direct predation, but this effect can now be mitigated by modern eradication te ...
... Invasive mammals have devastated endemic island communities throughout the world, and seabirds have proven particularly vulnerable, with many species extinctions. Introduced predators have had the greatest effect through direct predation, but this effect can now be mitigated by modern eradication te ...
The evolutionary consequences of biological
... them to becoming biological invaders, these traits alone are unlikely to explain their success. Most invasions progress along a timeline that includes a significant ‘lag phase’ (Crooks 2005) soon after introduction. Although this lag phase may simply result from a pattern of exponential growth and e ...
... them to becoming biological invaders, these traits alone are unlikely to explain their success. Most invasions progress along a timeline that includes a significant ‘lag phase’ (Crooks 2005) soon after introduction. Although this lag phase may simply result from a pattern of exponential growth and e ...
A Dynamical Model to Study the Response of Microalgae to Pulse
... fluctuations). Experiments were conducted on the Haptophyceae Tisochrysis lutea. Model parameters were calibrated on the measured fluorescence data. A slow-fast analysis is presented to describe the system dynamics. Results provide new insights for understanding and interpreting PAM measurements. 1. ...
... fluctuations). Experiments were conducted on the Haptophyceae Tisochrysis lutea. Model parameters were calibrated on the measured fluorescence data. A slow-fast analysis is presented to describe the system dynamics. Results provide new insights for understanding and interpreting PAM measurements. 1. ...
Reliable flows and preferred patterns in food webs
... We examined the reliability of matter and energy flows in ecosystems. We analysed sink web graphs and determined the probability that, in the sink web graph, the sink (the point representing the sink species) and one or more sources (points representing source species or producers) are connected to ...
... We examined the reliability of matter and energy flows in ecosystems. We analysed sink web graphs and determined the probability that, in the sink web graph, the sink (the point representing the sink species) and one or more sources (points representing source species or producers) are connected to ...
The effect of grazing on plant species richness on the Qinghai
... 4.2) was marginally higher than that of SH (22.2 ± 3.9), but the difference in species richness ...
... 4.2) was marginally higher than that of SH (22.2 ± 3.9), but the difference in species richness ...
Levin, S.A. (editor). Encyclopedia
... The discipline of landscape ecology emphasizes the causes and consequences of spatial pattern on the functioning of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Nature is generally not homogenous with respect to ecological properties. Those properties include gradients in abiotic factors, such as the t ...
... The discipline of landscape ecology emphasizes the causes and consequences of spatial pattern on the functioning of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Nature is generally not homogenous with respect to ecological properties. Those properties include gradients in abiotic factors, such as the t ...
Hippocampus reidi (Longsnout Seahorse)
... longsnout seahorse includes copepods, marine nematodes and carids (Castro et al., 2008). POPULATION ECOLOGY. Like many seahorse species, longsnout seahorses have been observed to maintain their own home ranges especially during mating periods. Home ranges of females are much larger than those occupi ...
... longsnout seahorse includes copepods, marine nematodes and carids (Castro et al., 2008). POPULATION ECOLOGY. Like many seahorse species, longsnout seahorses have been observed to maintain their own home ranges especially during mating periods. Home ranges of females are much larger than those occupi ...
Mammals of West River Memorial Park
... Brown (1980) suggested that this patchiness appears to promote increased species diversity for rodents. In this survey, rodents represented the greatest number of species (seven). It also is apparent that most of the species (Table 2) have been thoroughly acclimated to a mix of habitats and civiliza ...
... Brown (1980) suggested that this patchiness appears to promote increased species diversity for rodents. In this survey, rodents represented the greatest number of species (seven). It also is apparent that most of the species (Table 2) have been thoroughly acclimated to a mix of habitats and civiliza ...
A tribute to Claude Shannon - University of Arizona | Ecology and
... perception that biological diversity equals variety at the species level of biological organization). Species diversity occurs at different spatial scales and in a recent paper, Whittaker et al. (2001) provided a much-needed solution to the confusion surrounding the terms of alpha, beta and gamma di ...
... perception that biological diversity equals variety at the species level of biological organization). Species diversity occurs at different spatial scales and in a recent paper, Whittaker et al. (2001) provided a much-needed solution to the confusion surrounding the terms of alpha, beta and gamma di ...
Null Models in Ecology
... petition may not be the correct explanation, however, of the presence of such distributions. We shall return to the problems of interpretation below. For the moment we assume that negatively correlated species distributions are at least consistent with a competition hypothesis, and we discuss variou ...
... petition may not be the correct explanation, however, of the presence of such distributions. We shall return to the problems of interpretation below. For the moment we assume that negatively correlated species distributions are at least consistent with a competition hypothesis, and we discuss variou ...
Crossfertilizing aquatic and terrestrial research to understand
... advance modern ecology.2–4 For example, removal ...
... advance modern ecology.2–4 For example, removal ...
Evolutionary diversification, coevolution between populations and
... and therefore likely to compete intensely for ecological resources (13, 14). Accordingly, closely related species might exclude each other locally, although their similar tolerances of environmental conditions might lead to closer association when viewed at broader environmental scales (15, 16). Al ...
... and therefore likely to compete intensely for ecological resources (13, 14). Accordingly, closely related species might exclude each other locally, although their similar tolerances of environmental conditions might lead to closer association when viewed at broader environmental scales (15, 16). Al ...
Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem
... production and trophic energy transfer. Evidence from a considerable body of literature suggests that the impact of a stressor is less pronounced at the functional-grouplevel than at the species-level (Schindler 1990, Howarth 1991, Frost et al. 1995, Cottingham and Carpenter 1998, Vinebrooke et al. ...
... production and trophic energy transfer. Evidence from a considerable body of literature suggests that the impact of a stressor is less pronounced at the functional-grouplevel than at the species-level (Schindler 1990, Howarth 1991, Frost et al. 1995, Cottingham and Carpenter 1998, Vinebrooke et al. ...
Mimicry - eweb.furman.edu
... Crypsis: - crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms. It may be either a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation, and methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency,[2] and mimicry (Wikipedia). ...
... Crypsis: - crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms. It may be either a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation, and methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency,[2] and mimicry (Wikipedia). ...
Christchurch District Plan Site of Ecological Significance Site
... 1. Indigenous vegetation or habitat of indigenous fauna that is representative, typical or characteristic of the natural diversity of the relevant ecological district. This can include degraded examples where they are some of the best remaining examples of their type, or represent all that remains o ...
... 1. Indigenous vegetation or habitat of indigenous fauna that is representative, typical or characteristic of the natural diversity of the relevant ecological district. This can include degraded examples where they are some of the best remaining examples of their type, or represent all that remains o ...
Ecosystem - Google Groups
... ecosystem. Thus ecosystem may be defined as “ The entire intreacting system of organism together with environmental factors with which they intreacts. In other words , it is self sustained community of organisms” It includes all the communities of an area functioning with their physical enviornme ...
... ecosystem. Thus ecosystem may be defined as “ The entire intreacting system of organism together with environmental factors with which they intreacts. In other words , it is self sustained community of organisms” It includes all the communities of an area functioning with their physical enviornme ...
Document
... Neosiphonia harveyi and Codium fragile spp. Tomentosoides. Plymouth has reported nonnative and invasive species. For example several colonies of the ascidian Perophora japonica have occurred in the Plymouth Sound during 1999. This was the first record of this species being found in British waters, w ...
... Neosiphonia harveyi and Codium fragile spp. Tomentosoides. Plymouth has reported nonnative and invasive species. For example several colonies of the ascidian Perophora japonica have occurred in the Plymouth Sound during 1999. This was the first record of this species being found in British waters, w ...
INTRODUCTION
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer on a separate sheet, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer on a separate sheet, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.