Assessment Schedule
... Island became separated by Cook Strait (rising sea levels) so the South Island and North Island kākā populations became isolated. They are now considered to be subspecies as they do not reproduce with each other, probably due to differences in size, behaviour, and markings. Their isolation (0.4 mya) ...
... Island became separated by Cook Strait (rising sea levels) so the South Island and North Island kākā populations became isolated. They are now considered to be subspecies as they do not reproduce with each other, probably due to differences in size, behaviour, and markings. Their isolation (0.4 mya) ...
A FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM GENETICS
... When species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method (non-metric multidimensional scaling; NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for estimating the heritability of quantitative traits. Our estimates of the br ...
... When species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method (non-metric multidimensional scaling; NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for estimating the heritability of quantitative traits. Our estimates of the br ...
An_Introduction_To_Ecology_2012...arizona
... is disturbed or removed by natural or man-made processes such as fire, floods, mowing a field, hurricanes, tornadoes, clear-cutting a forest called FRAGMENTATION. ...
... is disturbed or removed by natural or man-made processes such as fire, floods, mowing a field, hurricanes, tornadoes, clear-cutting a forest called FRAGMENTATION. ...
Fish abundance with no fishing: predictions based on
... and size-structure of an unexploited fish community from a theoretical abundance–body mass relationship (size spectrum). 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest th ...
... and size-structure of an unexploited fish community from a theoretical abundance–body mass relationship (size spectrum). 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest th ...
- WIT Repository
... As human activities cause widespread threats to biodiversity, investigation of the potential effect of declining species diversity on ecosystem functions has emerged as an ...
... As human activities cause widespread threats to biodiversity, investigation of the potential effect of declining species diversity on ecosystem functions has emerged as an ...
Kerim Aydin Alaska Fisheries Science Center
... Evolution of single-species assessments to include advice frommultispecies models and indicators From North Pacific Fisheries Management Council’s Scientific and Statistical Committee minutes, December 2006: ...
... Evolution of single-species assessments to include advice frommultispecies models and indicators From North Pacific Fisheries Management Council’s Scientific and Statistical Committee minutes, December 2006: ...
Preliminary Determination - Office of Environment and Heritage
... terrestrial plant material and invertebrates (Fielder et al. 2014). 5. Nesting in the Western Sawshelled Turtle is terrestrial and occurs between October and midJanuary, when females lay 8 to 23 (average 18.3) eggs (Cann 1998; Fielder et al. 2014). Hatchlings typically start to emerge in late Januar ...
... terrestrial plant material and invertebrates (Fielder et al. 2014). 5. Nesting in the Western Sawshelled Turtle is terrestrial and occurs between October and midJanuary, when females lay 8 to 23 (average 18.3) eggs (Cann 1998; Fielder et al. 2014). Hatchlings typically start to emerge in late Januar ...
3 major dilemmas on small-scale fisheries management:
... From above principles it is reasonable to assume that predation would 'maintain' prey populations close to their highest average production rate (Slobodkin 1961, 1968; Mertz & Wade 1976; Pauly 1979; Caddy & Csirke 1983; Carpenter et al. 1985). ...
... From above principles it is reasonable to assume that predation would 'maintain' prey populations close to their highest average production rate (Slobodkin 1961, 1968; Mertz & Wade 1976; Pauly 1979; Caddy & Csirke 1983; Carpenter et al. 1985). ...
Brian Wang
... 1971). After investigating several studies that looked at the different effects that foraging group-size had on feeding strategies and outcomes, he found that in most instances groups allow animals to increase their foraging efficiency and that animals participating in group foraging significantly ...
... 1971). After investigating several studies that looked at the different effects that foraging group-size had on feeding strategies and outcomes, he found that in most instances groups allow animals to increase their foraging efficiency and that animals participating in group foraging significantly ...
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIALITY: PERACARID CRUSTACEANS AS
... example, in many species individuals gathered in groups are better able than single individuals to cope with high abiotic stress or strong predation pressure. High abundance and quality of food resources might also favor group-living, because the capability of individuals to exploit and monopolize f ...
... example, in many species individuals gathered in groups are better able than single individuals to cope with high abiotic stress or strong predation pressure. High abundance and quality of food resources might also favor group-living, because the capability of individuals to exploit and monopolize f ...
School in the Clouds and Education Standards Hawk Mountain`s
... Organisms are made of parts and have characteristics that make them similar and different. Organisms have basic needs for survival. Habitat loss effects both the interaction among species and the population of a species. Predator/prey relationships have a role in an ecosystem. Producers, consumers a ...
... Organisms are made of parts and have characteristics that make them similar and different. Organisms have basic needs for survival. Habitat loss effects both the interaction among species and the population of a species. Predator/prey relationships have a role in an ecosystem. Producers, consumers a ...
Nutrient enrichment and food chains: can evolution buffer top
... The top-down versus bottom-up control controversy also suffers from confusion between ‘‘control’’ and ‘‘effect’’. ‘‘Control’’ indicates the factor (resource or predator) that limits the abundance or biomass of a trophic level; ‘‘effect’’ describes the consequence of perturbing the system at either t ...
... The top-down versus bottom-up control controversy also suffers from confusion between ‘‘control’’ and ‘‘effect’’. ‘‘Control’’ indicates the factor (resource or predator) that limits the abundance or biomass of a trophic level; ‘‘effect’’ describes the consequence of perturbing the system at either t ...
MECHANISMS OF MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Peter
... The quantities αii and αi j are, respectively, absolute intraspecific and interspecific competition coefficients, and the defining feature of Lotka-Volterra competition is that per capita growth rates are linear decreasing functions of the densities of each of the species. Parameterized in this way, ...
... The quantities αii and αi j are, respectively, absolute intraspecific and interspecific competition coefficients, and the defining feature of Lotka-Volterra competition is that per capita growth rates are linear decreasing functions of the densities of each of the species. Parameterized in this way, ...
Ch55Test_File - Milan Area Schools
... 4. The organisms that live together in a particular area constitute an _______. Answer: ecological community 5. A set of linkages through which a plant is eaten by an herbivore, which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, and so on, is called a _______. Answer: food chain 6. Organisms that reduce the rem ...
... 4. The organisms that live together in a particular area constitute an _______. Answer: ecological community 5. A set of linkages through which a plant is eaten by an herbivore, which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, and so on, is called a _______. Answer: food chain 6. Organisms that reduce the rem ...
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
... spicata, S. sempervirens, S. alterniflora) and two congeneric (J. roemerianus, L. carolinianum) with the species used in parallel experiments in New England (Bertness and Ewanchuk 2002). The size of the transplants was scaled to represent a functional, independent ramet of each species, and ranged f ...
... spicata, S. sempervirens, S. alterniflora) and two congeneric (J. roemerianus, L. carolinianum) with the species used in parallel experiments in New England (Bertness and Ewanchuk 2002). The size of the transplants was scaled to represent a functional, independent ramet of each species, and ranged f ...
WB_A_53-56
... Climax Communities A climax community is a mature, relatively stable ecosystem. Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Ecosystems may or may not recover from extensive human-caused disturbances. ...
... Climax Communities A climax community is a mature, relatively stable ecosystem. Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Ecosystems may or may not recover from extensive human-caused disturbances. ...
The Endangered Species Act and the distinct population segment
... rather than more value to the overall species. However, the ESA’s emphasis on the value of genetic diversity (and abundant scientific support for that emphasis) suggests that such differences are, again, more likely to urge protection and conservation than the reverse. Similarly, the first subtest u ...
... rather than more value to the overall species. However, the ESA’s emphasis on the value of genetic diversity (and abundant scientific support for that emphasis) suggests that such differences are, again, more likely to urge protection and conservation than the reverse. Similarly, the first subtest u ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.