2015 - Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
... Scasta, J.D.*, E.T Thacker, T.J. Hovick, D.M. Engle, B.W. Allred, S.D. Fuhlendorf, and J.R Weir. 2015. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, ...
... Scasta, J.D.*, E.T Thacker, T.J. Hovick, D.M. Engle, B.W. Allred, S.D. Fuhlendorf, and J.R Weir. 2015. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, ...
Hard Substrate Communities
... Lower limits of distribution are primarily determined by biological interactions (competition for space and predation) Predation or physical disturbance can prevent competitive exclusion (enhancing species diversity) by keeping superior competitors at low densities In benign physical environments, p ...
... Lower limits of distribution are primarily determined by biological interactions (competition for space and predation) Predation or physical disturbance can prevent competitive exclusion (enhancing species diversity) by keeping superior competitors at low densities In benign physical environments, p ...
Floral Evolution - Harvard University Center for the Environment
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
Experimentally assessing the relative
... another recent study of the same species involving a different terrestrial predator17. However, despite the clear impact of terrestrial predators on survival and perching behaviour, the strength and form of selection on morphological and performance traits did not differ across our predation treatme ...
... another recent study of the same species involving a different terrestrial predator17. However, despite the clear impact of terrestrial predators on survival and perching behaviour, the strength and form of selection on morphological and performance traits did not differ across our predation treatme ...
Heckmondwike Grammar School Biology Department Edexcel A
... identify them. Techniques for finding plants and animals are listed below, and identification is carried out using identification keys, which allow organisms to be identified using simple questions about their appearance. Sometimes we want to include all the living organisms in our samples, but ofte ...
... identify them. Techniques for finding plants and animals are listed below, and identification is carried out using identification keys, which allow organisms to be identified using simple questions about their appearance. Sometimes we want to include all the living organisms in our samples, but ofte ...
text - Shodhganga
... some alkaloidal bases (choline, betaine) and some phytosterols (βsitosterol, stigmasterol), a basic compound (picrate) and a fixed oil have been identified in of the plant. Due to increasing human populations leading to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic effects, Abroma augusta has ...
... some alkaloidal bases (choline, betaine) and some phytosterols (βsitosterol, stigmasterol), a basic compound (picrate) and a fixed oil have been identified in of the plant. Due to increasing human populations leading to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic effects, Abroma augusta has ...
Ch 2: Student Powerpoint File
... Energy enters at the first trophic level (___________), where there is a large amount of biomass and therefore much energy. It takes large quantities of organisms in one trophic level to meet the energy needs of the next trophic level. Each level loses large amounts of the ___________ it gathe ...
... Energy enters at the first trophic level (___________), where there is a large amount of biomass and therefore much energy. It takes large quantities of organisms in one trophic level to meet the energy needs of the next trophic level. Each level loses large amounts of the ___________ it gathe ...
Julie Nash, Ph.D.
... of environmental collaborations (roundtables, consumer transparency initiatives and third-party certifications) including small producer participation and revenue re-distribution. ...
... of environmental collaborations (roundtables, consumer transparency initiatives and third-party certifications) including small producer participation and revenue re-distribution. ...
Where and When do Species Interactions Set Range Limits?
... variability in demographic rates, such that stochastic growth rates are too low for establishment or persistence [75]; and (iii) increasingly patchy habitat distributions or lower equilibrium local population sizes, so that extinction–colonization dynamics will no longer support a viable metapopulat ...
... variability in demographic rates, such that stochastic growth rates are too low for establishment or persistence [75]; and (iii) increasingly patchy habitat distributions or lower equilibrium local population sizes, so that extinction–colonization dynamics will no longer support a viable metapopulat ...
Exam Review - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 12. The diagram below shows a food web in the Antarctic Ocean. a) Why might a decline in the population of baleen whales lead to an increase in the populations of seals, penguins, and krill-eating fish? b) What might happen to the other species if the populations of baleen whales increased but the p ...
... 12. The diagram below shows a food web in the Antarctic Ocean. a) Why might a decline in the population of baleen whales lead to an increase in the populations of seals, penguins, and krill-eating fish? b) What might happen to the other species if the populations of baleen whales increased but the p ...
Marine biodiversity: past and present concerns
... considered serious threats, but even there loss of biodiversity was perceived to be low or nonexisting. Therefore an adequate conceptual framework for marine biodiversity research is still lacking in several domains. In recent years it has become clear that there are several, often large-scale chang ...
... considered serious threats, but even there loss of biodiversity was perceived to be low or nonexisting. Therefore an adequate conceptual framework for marine biodiversity research is still lacking in several domains. In recent years it has become clear that there are several, often large-scale chang ...
Succession: A Closer Look
... Recently, ecologists have been developing mathematical models to better characterize and predict successional changes. For example, The Resource Ratio Hypothesis, proposed by David Tilman (1985), models successional shifts in plant communities based on the assumption that succession is driven by a t ...
... Recently, ecologists have been developing mathematical models to better characterize and predict successional changes. For example, The Resource Ratio Hypothesis, proposed by David Tilman (1985), models successional shifts in plant communities based on the assumption that succession is driven by a t ...
Chapter 7 Pack Hunting in Miocene Borophagine Dogs: Evidence
... and two new approaches to estimating the typical prey size of extinct carnivores. The craniodental morphology of the Borophaginae is compared with that of the living Caninae and Hyaeninae (hyaenids exclusive of Proteles cristata, the aardwolf) based on measurements that reflect relative tooth size, ...
... and two new approaches to estimating the typical prey size of extinct carnivores. The craniodental morphology of the Borophaginae is compared with that of the living Caninae and Hyaeninae (hyaenids exclusive of Proteles cristata, the aardwolf) based on measurements that reflect relative tooth size, ...
Ecosystem dynamics and fisheries management in
... 1. Nowadays the large-scale fisheries in the Barents Sea is one of the main factors determined the state and dynamics of ecosystem in the area. 2. History of the harvesting in the Barents Sea is learning that unregulated fishery or non-adequate management measures to lead not to depletion of target ...
... 1. Nowadays the large-scale fisheries in the Barents Sea is one of the main factors determined the state and dynamics of ecosystem in the area. 2. History of the harvesting in the Barents Sea is learning that unregulated fishery or non-adequate management measures to lead not to depletion of target ...
A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
... diversity (Pielou, 1966) and patch dynamics (White & Pickett, 1985;Wu & Loucks, 1995) are less directly relevant to the topic of succession and post-disturbance ecosystems than the succession and other disturbance-related theories that we have addressed. In this review, we largely focus on post-dist ...
... diversity (Pielou, 1966) and patch dynamics (White & Pickett, 1985;Wu & Loucks, 1995) are less directly relevant to the topic of succession and post-disturbance ecosystems than the succession and other disturbance-related theories that we have addressed. In this review, we largely focus on post-dist ...
Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
Ecology 86(2)
... † Categorical estimates by autotroph type: 1 for microalgae, 10 for calcareous algae or coralline turf, and 365 for macroalgae and annual vascular plants. ‡ For comparability among studies, we used estimated means for each species even when actual data were available. § Average values for mass-speci ...
... † Categorical estimates by autotroph type: 1 for microalgae, 10 for calcareous algae or coralline turf, and 365 for macroalgae and annual vascular plants. ‡ For comparability among studies, we used estimated means for each species even when actual data were available. § Average values for mass-speci ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and productivity. The MEA developed a framework for evaluating the effects of changes in biodiversity on ecosystems, and the value of those changes in servic ...
... human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and productivity. The MEA developed a framework for evaluating the effects of changes in biodiversity on ecosystems, and the value of those changes in servic ...
Feb 6 Primary Productivity: Controls, Patterns, Consequences
... LAI is a key parameter governing ecosystem processes because it determines both the area that is potentially available to absorb light and the degree to which light is attenuated through the canopy. GPP correlates closely with leaf area below an LAI of about 4, suggesting that leaf area is a critica ...
... LAI is a key parameter governing ecosystem processes because it determines both the area that is potentially available to absorb light and the degree to which light is attenuated through the canopy. GPP correlates closely with leaf area below an LAI of about 4, suggesting that leaf area is a critica ...
International Capital vs. Local Population: The Environmental Conflict
... and ubiquitous, awareness tend to spread across any sector of society, independently of their socio-economic characteristics. This has been called the broadening base hypothesis (Jones and Dunlap, 1992). This idea has been supported by some empirical findings showing that environmentalism has become ...
... and ubiquitous, awareness tend to spread across any sector of society, independently of their socio-economic characteristics. This has been called the broadening base hypothesis (Jones and Dunlap, 1992). This idea has been supported by some empirical findings showing that environmentalism has become ...
Nature Trail Guide - Marianist Environmental Education Center
... pond and old field. Ecosystems provide many services that benefit humans, including air and water purification, flood control, pollination of agricultural species, climate moderation, soil fertility maintenance, waste decomposition, aesthetic inspiration and much more. While we could never precisely ...
... pond and old field. Ecosystems provide many services that benefit humans, including air and water purification, flood control, pollination of agricultural species, climate moderation, soil fertility maintenance, waste decomposition, aesthetic inspiration and much more. While we could never precisely ...
Name:
... 77. What areas of the world have high levels of biodiversity and many threats to species? 78. How does the amount of biodiversity in the United States compare to that of the rest of the world? 79. What four types of efforts have been employed to save individual species? 80. What are the advantages ...
... 77. What areas of the world have high levels of biodiversity and many threats to species? 78. How does the amount of biodiversity in the United States compare to that of the rest of the world? 79. What four types of efforts have been employed to save individual species? 80. What are the advantages ...
Chapter Summaries / Key Terms / Practice Questions
... survival. A soil is a mixture of minerals, organic material, air, and water in specific proportions. Minerals make up approximately 45 percent of a typical soil. Plants that grow in soil use these minerals for healthy growth. Minerals in a soil are classified by their size, from the smallest to the ...
... survival. A soil is a mixture of minerals, organic material, air, and water in specific proportions. Minerals make up approximately 45 percent of a typical soil. Plants that grow in soil use these minerals for healthy growth. Minerals in a soil are classified by their size, from the smallest to the ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.