Antipredator deception in terrestrial vertebrates
... homeotherms may increase the distance between prey and the pursuing predator or dupe the predator about the flight path trajectory, or both (FitzGibbon, 1990). Last, an antipredator defense may be a dishonest signal. Bradbury and Vehrencamp (2011) state that “true deception occurs when a sender prod ...
... homeotherms may increase the distance between prey and the pursuing predator or dupe the predator about the flight path trajectory, or both (FitzGibbon, 1990). Last, an antipredator defense may be a dishonest signal. Bradbury and Vehrencamp (2011) state that “true deception occurs when a sender prod ...
Regional and local impact on species diversity – from pattern to
... variety of organisms. These results were independent of the size of the local community, which comprised either 1% or 10% of the 250,000 km2 regional squares. However, even the lower marginal of these two local assemblages covered an area on which animals or plants do not ...
... variety of organisms. These results were independent of the size of the local community, which comprised either 1% or 10% of the 250,000 km2 regional squares. However, even the lower marginal of these two local assemblages covered an area on which animals or plants do not ...
Coral reefs in crisis: The reliability of deep-time food web
... regimes and dynamic equilibria encompassing a range of community parameters [9, 10, 11]. Most recently, it has been suggested that community persistence itself might act as an agent of long-term selection, with functional structures and interactions appearing repeatedly within ecosystems over geolog ...
... regimes and dynamic equilibria encompassing a range of community parameters [9, 10, 11]. Most recently, it has been suggested that community persistence itself might act as an agent of long-term selection, with functional structures and interactions appearing repeatedly within ecosystems over geolog ...
Herbivore physiological response to predation risk and implications
... Moreover, the magnitude of within-species variation in body elemental content is comparable to the magnitude across species variation observed in terrestrial insect species (31). Together, these insights suggest that body C:N within a species may be quite malleable, as opposed to being a fixed specie ...
... Moreover, the magnitude of within-species variation in body elemental content is comparable to the magnitude across species variation observed in terrestrial insect species (31). Together, these insights suggest that body C:N within a species may be quite malleable, as opposed to being a fixed specie ...
Grand Challenge 1 Dalpadado P, Ingvaldsen RB, Stige LC, Bogstad
... Sainmont J, Thygesen UH, Visser AW. 2012. Diel vertical migration arising in a habitat selection game. J Theoretical Ecology. doi:10.1007/s12080-012-0714-0 Relevance: A population of identical individuals can exhibit different vertical migration behaviours even when there is no explicit density depe ...
... Sainmont J, Thygesen UH, Visser AW. 2012. Diel vertical migration arising in a habitat selection game. J Theoretical Ecology. doi:10.1007/s12080-012-0714-0 Relevance: A population of identical individuals can exhibit different vertical migration behaviours even when there is no explicit density depe ...
Competition and the Structure of Granivore
... structuring natural communities. The theoretical underpinnings o f this com parative approach to the study of com petition predict "limiting similarities** in characteristics relevant to allocation of scarce resources (May and MacArthur 1972, and reviewed in Schoener 1974). A second approach to st ...
... structuring natural communities. The theoretical underpinnings o f this com parative approach to the study of com petition predict "limiting similarities** in characteristics relevant to allocation of scarce resources (May and MacArthur 1972, and reviewed in Schoener 1974). A second approach to st ...
Barriers to Biodiversity
... ecosystem and identify human factors that affect the balance among the components of an ecosystem focusing on one species. • Understand ways in which natural communities within ecosystems can change, and explain how such changes can affect animal and plant populations. • Demonstrate an understanding ...
... ecosystem and identify human factors that affect the balance among the components of an ecosystem focusing on one species. • Understand ways in which natural communities within ecosystems can change, and explain how such changes can affect animal and plant populations. • Demonstrate an understanding ...
Proposed structure of synthese paper
... In today’s world, rapid environmental and economic developments and changes pose ...
... In today’s world, rapid environmental and economic developments and changes pose ...
uncorrected page proofs
... to both questions turned out to be YES! — and to our surprise, the cell densities were actually quite high. We observed two size classes of cells under the microscope at the field camp. One class contained typically sized bacteria — around 0.5 microns. Bacteria in the other class were more abundant ...
... to both questions turned out to be YES! — and to our surprise, the cell densities were actually quite high. We observed two size classes of cells under the microscope at the field camp. One class contained typically sized bacteria — around 0.5 microns. Bacteria in the other class were more abundant ...
Alpine and Arctic Ecosystems
... The alpine life zone above the climatic treeline hosts a vast biological richness, exceeding that of many low elevation biota. Steep terrain, the compression of thermal zones, and the fragmentation of landscape make mountain ecosystems unique. Many organisms adapt and specialize in these high-altitu ...
... The alpine life zone above the climatic treeline hosts a vast biological richness, exceeding that of many low elevation biota. Steep terrain, the compression of thermal zones, and the fragmentation of landscape make mountain ecosystems unique. Many organisms adapt and specialize in these high-altitu ...
Unit 6:Marine Ecology - SAFE-T
... bodies in order to blend with light coming down However, as you get deeper many of the fishes have photophores on their belly that are used to camouflage themselves or to confuse predators and/or attract prey. ...
... bodies in order to blend with light coming down However, as you get deeper many of the fishes have photophores on their belly that are used to camouflage themselves or to confuse predators and/or attract prey. ...
Moving beyond assumptions to understand abundance distributions
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
MODELING IN ECONOMICS LEADS TO A FRAGMENTATION OF
... Thus, economists have always kept in mind that math only a tool in the hands of researchers and economists, and analysis of the phenomena must have substantial character and not to be formal. Further progress of economic research is closely linked to the wider use of mathematical methods and models. ...
... Thus, economists have always kept in mind that math only a tool in the hands of researchers and economists, and analysis of the phenomena must have substantial character and not to be formal. Further progress of economic research is closely linked to the wider use of mathematical methods and models. ...
Article - American Arachnology
... Predation by adult female M. pallidus was estimated in four field experiments conducted in a commercial 50-ha soybean plot located in Chivilcoy (34u549S, 60u029W), Buenos Aires province, during two successive years. The area belongs to the pampean phytogeographic province (Cabrera 1976). The climate ...
... Predation by adult female M. pallidus was estimated in four field experiments conducted in a commercial 50-ha soybean plot located in Chivilcoy (34u549S, 60u029W), Buenos Aires province, during two successive years. The area belongs to the pampean phytogeographic province (Cabrera 1976). The climate ...
Chapter 16
... 16.1 What Is a Species? Appearance can be misleading in determining a species – Organisms of similar appearance sometimes belong to different species – The cordilleran flycatcher and Pacific slope flycatcher are so similar that birdwatchers can’t tell them apart – These birds were considered to b ...
... 16.1 What Is a Species? Appearance can be misleading in determining a species – Organisms of similar appearance sometimes belong to different species – The cordilleran flycatcher and Pacific slope flycatcher are so similar that birdwatchers can’t tell them apart – These birds were considered to b ...
Supersized MPAs and the marginalization of species conservation
... conserve species effectively then the downstream benefits of ecosystem structure, function, and services will also be secured and resilient. I am not arguing against MPAs or any other form of conservation for higher-level attributes or values, but I raise the question as to whether in doing so we may ...
... conserve species effectively then the downstream benefits of ecosystem structure, function, and services will also be secured and resilient. I am not arguing against MPAs or any other form of conservation for higher-level attributes or values, but I raise the question as to whether in doing so we may ...
MECHANISMS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION
... The amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata are two of the most common macroscopic invertebrates in soft sediments in deep water in the northern Baltic proper. These crustaceans account for most of the numbers and biomass of the macrofauna (larger than 1 mm), and are an important food ...
... The amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata are two of the most common macroscopic invertebrates in soft sediments in deep water in the northern Baltic proper. These crustaceans account for most of the numbers and biomass of the macrofauna (larger than 1 mm), and are an important food ...
Bio126: Week8-9 Ecology Lab
... Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment. These interactions often involve the transfer of energy, especially when one organism feeds on another. The interactions can be examined at several different but interrelated levels. At the level of ind ...
... Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment. These interactions often involve the transfer of energy, especially when one organism feeds on another. The interactions can be examined at several different but interrelated levels. At the level of ind ...
2015 - Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
... Scasta, J.D.*, E.T Thacker, T.J. Hovick, D.M. Engle, B.W. Allred, S.D. Fuhlendorf, and J.R Weir. 2015. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, ...
... Scasta, J.D.*, E.T Thacker, T.J. Hovick, D.M. Engle, B.W. Allred, S.D. Fuhlendorf, and J.R Weir. 2015. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of North America. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. doi:10.1017/ S1742170515000411 (18 pages). Shoup, ...
Floral Evolution - Harvard University Center for the Environment
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.