Volume 64 - The Malacological Society of London
... ing in simultaneous hermaphrodites, copulation may not be necessary at all to reproduce. In contrast, if they mate multiply, they compete against each other for successful reproduction via mate choice, sperm competition and so forth. Thus, in the latter case, mating frequency is a basic and import ...
... ing in simultaneous hermaphrodites, copulation may not be necessary at all to reproduce. In contrast, if they mate multiply, they compete against each other for successful reproduction via mate choice, sperm competition and so forth. Thus, in the latter case, mating frequency is a basic and import ...
GarcÃa-Roa, R., M. Iglesias-Carrasco, I. Garin-Barrio
... Some eggs were found to lie exposed on the surface when the stone was raised, but others were covered by substrate. Reports of communal egg-laying in Iberolacerta spp. are scarce, with only Arribas & Galán (2005) reporting on 29 Iberolacerta aranica eggs, confirming communal egglaying for the genus. ...
... Some eggs were found to lie exposed on the surface when the stone was raised, but others were covered by substrate. Reports of communal egg-laying in Iberolacerta spp. are scarce, with only Arribas & Galán (2005) reporting on 29 Iberolacerta aranica eggs, confirming communal egglaying for the genus. ...
Power point Notes
... • Amphibians (like frogs) live on both land and in the water. They are also sensitive to chemicals changes in the environment. They are therefore valuable indicators of environmental health. Since the 1980s, much of the world’s amphibian species have suffered declines in population. There ha ...
... • Amphibians (like frogs) live on both land and in the water. They are also sensitive to chemicals changes in the environment. They are therefore valuable indicators of environmental health. Since the 1980s, much of the world’s amphibian species have suffered declines in population. There ha ...
Chapter 2 Handouts
... Overall, is carbon being added or taken away from the atmosphere by the processes of plant ...
... Overall, is carbon being added or taken away from the atmosphere by the processes of plant ...
FACILITATIVE INTERACTIONS AMONG PLANTS VIA SHARED
... Abstract. Outcrossing in plants is influenced by the availability of pollinators and compatible mates, both of which may be modified by the population and community context in which plant–pollinator interactions occur. Although indirect interactions among plants through shared pollinators are often ...
... Abstract. Outcrossing in plants is influenced by the availability of pollinators and compatible mates, both of which may be modified by the population and community context in which plant–pollinator interactions occur. Although indirect interactions among plants through shared pollinators are often ...
What Is Mathematical Biology and How Useful Is It?
... good fit with the experimental data. This process may take many iterations. Hence it is crucial that each simulation does not take too much computational time. When the model simulations finally agree with experimental results, the model may be considered useful for suggesting new hypotheses that ar ...
... good fit with the experimental data. This process may take many iterations. Hence it is crucial that each simulation does not take too much computational time. When the model simulations finally agree with experimental results, the model may be considered useful for suggesting new hypotheses that ar ...
When are alternative stable states more likely to occur?
... paucity of empirical examples of alternative stable states in competitively-structured systems. We do, however, strongly disagree with Fukami and Lee (2006) in their contention that it ‘‘has already been proposed and justified in depth’’ that ‘‘environmentally structured communities are less likely ...
... paucity of empirical examples of alternative stable states in competitively-structured systems. We do, however, strongly disagree with Fukami and Lee (2006) in their contention that it ‘‘has already been proposed and justified in depth’’ that ‘‘environmentally structured communities are less likely ...
Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots
... of ecosystems and the human communities that depend on them. For example, more diverse coral reef communities have been found to suffer less from the diseases that plague degraded reefs elsewhere (Raymundo et al. 2009). As Earth’s climate changes, the roles of species and ecosystems will only increa ...
... of ecosystems and the human communities that depend on them. For example, more diverse coral reef communities have been found to suffer less from the diseases that plague degraded reefs elsewhere (Raymundo et al. 2009). As Earth’s climate changes, the roles of species and ecosystems will only increa ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Partial migration in tropical birds 935 austral migrants are potentially undertaking partial migration (Jahn et al. 2006). Although habitat, diet and their interaction can be important in determining which birds migrate and which do not (Boyle & Conway 2007), the variability of access to food resou ...
... Partial migration in tropical birds 935 austral migrants are potentially undertaking partial migration (Jahn et al. 2006). Although habitat, diet and their interaction can be important in determining which birds migrate and which do not (Boyle & Conway 2007), the variability of access to food resou ...
5-5-09Presentation
... • Data taken from areas of species overlap shows general trend of decrease in Bewick’s population and increase in House population • Some data showed variance from this trend – Region 22 showed stable House populations and sharp decrease in Bewick’s – Region 33 showed stable Bewick’s populations whi ...
... • Data taken from areas of species overlap shows general trend of decrease in Bewick’s population and increase in House population • Some data showed variance from this trend – Region 22 showed stable House populations and sharp decrease in Bewick’s – Region 33 showed stable Bewick’s populations whi ...
Local feeding specialization by badgers
... may specialize by means of behavioural responses to the different prey abundance they experience. Change in consumer behaviour is one of the factors invoked by Fox and Morrow (1981) to explain multiple local specializations on different plant species of many herbivorous insects. These authors stress ...
... may specialize by means of behavioural responses to the different prey abundance they experience. Change in consumer behaviour is one of the factors invoked by Fox and Morrow (1981) to explain multiple local specializations on different plant species of many herbivorous insects. These authors stress ...
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
... This coexistence was explicitly between disturbance patches. Similarly, Hastings (1980) and Abugov (1982) used patch-based models of IDH; in these cases disturbance occurred in patches so small they were occupied by single species or species-types. Petraitis et al. (1989) examined disturbance-mediat ...
... This coexistence was explicitly between disturbance patches. Similarly, Hastings (1980) and Abugov (1982) used patch-based models of IDH; in these cases disturbance occurred in patches so small they were occupied by single species or species-types. Petraitis et al. (1989) examined disturbance-mediat ...
Engineering microbial consortia: a new frontier in synthetic biology Katie Brenner ,
... commensal (one population benefits because of the association, there is no effect upon the other), amensal (one population suffers, there is no effect upon the other), mutualistic (both populations benefit from the interaction), parasite (the interaction is beneficial for one population and detrimen ...
... commensal (one population benefits because of the association, there is no effect upon the other), amensal (one population suffers, there is no effect upon the other), mutualistic (both populations benefit from the interaction), parasite (the interaction is beneficial for one population and detrimen ...
Roads Diverging in Yellow Woods - DigitalCommons@University of
... and social ties than ever before in history, and few would argue with the statement that the global environmental situation is precarious at best. Every day we lose species and ecosystems that might hold answers to perhaps the most basic questions of mankind: how does the earth work, how did the wor ...
... and social ties than ever before in history, and few would argue with the statement that the global environmental situation is precarious at best. Every day we lose species and ecosystems that might hold answers to perhaps the most basic questions of mankind: how does the earth work, how did the wor ...
Succession
... Population a group of organisms belonging to the same species that are living in the same area ...
... Population a group of organisms belonging to the same species that are living in the same area ...
On the different nature of top-down and bottom
... the two disparate quantities have often been compared successfully when they were converted to the common currency of fitness. Dynamic modelling of state-dependent decision-making under the risk of predation has been successfully developed to tackle the problem of the relative importance of top-down ...
... the two disparate quantities have often been compared successfully when they were converted to the common currency of fitness. Dynamic modelling of state-dependent decision-making under the risk of predation has been successfully developed to tackle the problem of the relative importance of top-down ...
The community context of species` borders: ecological and
... (sometimes abrupt) distribution limits in the presence and absence of environmental gradients. We find that gradients in competitive ability can lead to spatial segregation of competitors into distinct ranges, but that spatial movement tends to broaden the region of sympatry between the two species, ...
... (sometimes abrupt) distribution limits in the presence and absence of environmental gradients. We find that gradients in competitive ability can lead to spatial segregation of competitors into distinct ranges, but that spatial movement tends to broaden the region of sympatry between the two species, ...
Restoring tropical diversity: beating the time tax on species loss
... 1. Fragmentation of tropical forest is accelerating at the same time that already cleared land reverts to secondary growth. Fragments inexorably lose deep-forest species to local extinction while embedded in low-diversity stands of early successional pioneer trees. 2. Pasture matrices undergoing pas ...
... 1. Fragmentation of tropical forest is accelerating at the same time that already cleared land reverts to secondary growth. Fragments inexorably lose deep-forest species to local extinction while embedded in low-diversity stands of early successional pioneer trees. 2. Pasture matrices undergoing pas ...
FOOD WEBBING
... 1. Take a piece of butcher paper and write the names of each organism randomly over the entire piece of paper. 2. Identify the role of each organism in the ecosystem by writing one of the following letters beneath the name of the organism: Producer (P); Consumer (C); Decomposer (D); Scavenger (S) 3. ...
... 1. Take a piece of butcher paper and write the names of each organism randomly over the entire piece of paper. 2. Identify the role of each organism in the ecosystem by writing one of the following letters beneath the name of the organism: Producer (P); Consumer (C); Decomposer (D); Scavenger (S) 3. ...
global amphibian declines: a review of some current hypotheses
... increased by contaminant-weakened immune systems. Disease is the subject of considerable discussion within the research community; it may ...
... increased by contaminant-weakened immune systems. Disease is the subject of considerable discussion within the research community; it may ...
Contribution to vital statistics of a guppy Poecilia
... theoretical size the fish would reach if it was to live indefinitely, K is the rate at which L∞ is approached and to is the age a fish would have had at length zero if it had always grown according to the VBGF. Because maximal size reached under lab conditions was smaller that maximal size in the po ...
... theoretical size the fish would reach if it was to live indefinitely, K is the rate at which L∞ is approached and to is the age a fish would have had at length zero if it had always grown according to the VBGF. Because maximal size reached under lab conditions was smaller that maximal size in the po ...
The Potential Conservation Value of NonNative Species
... predict and because current and future environmental conditions may differ substantially (Walther et al. 2009).” We, therefore, fail to understand how the authors reached the conclusion that this perspective was missing in our paper. Finally, we disagree with their statement that “introductions have ...
... predict and because current and future environmental conditions may differ substantially (Walther et al. 2009).” We, therefore, fail to understand how the authors reached the conclusion that this perspective was missing in our paper. Finally, we disagree with their statement that “introductions have ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.