Contribution to vital statistics of a guppy Poecilia
... theoretical size the fish would reach if it was to live indefinitely, K is the rate at which L∞ is approached and to is the age a fish would have had at length zero if it had always grown according to the VBGF. Because maximal size reached under lab conditions was smaller that maximal size in the po ...
... theoretical size the fish would reach if it was to live indefinitely, K is the rate at which L∞ is approached and to is the age a fish would have had at length zero if it had always grown according to the VBGF. Because maximal size reached under lab conditions was smaller that maximal size in the po ...
Competition and Facilitation: a Synthetic Approach to Interactions in
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
The Potential Conservation Value of NonNative Species
... predict and because current and future environmental conditions may differ substantially (Walther et al. 2009).” We, therefore, fail to understand how the authors reached the conclusion that this perspective was missing in our paper. Finally, we disagree with their statement that “introductions have ...
... predict and because current and future environmental conditions may differ substantially (Walther et al. 2009).” We, therefore, fail to understand how the authors reached the conclusion that this perspective was missing in our paper. Finally, we disagree with their statement that “introductions have ...
The form of direct interspecific competition modifies
... in Borrvall and Ebenman (2006), but did not generate qualitatively different results (results not shown). The probability of secondary extinction cascades following a primary extinction in food webs with asymmetric [P(ExtA)] or diffuse basal competition [P(ExtD)] was calculated from numerically deri ...
... in Borrvall and Ebenman (2006), but did not generate qualitatively different results (results not shown). The probability of secondary extinction cascades following a primary extinction in food webs with asymmetric [P(ExtA)] or diffuse basal competition [P(ExtD)] was calculated from numerically deri ...
Sociometric analysis of the role of penaeids in the continental shelf
... After seasonal tables of fish species and their food items were assembled, it was noticed that some of the prey were identified at too general a level, i.e. crustaceans. In order to eliminate these kinds of items, and reduce the loss of data, we assigned these prey items proportionally to their resp ...
... After seasonal tables of fish species and their food items were assembled, it was noticed that some of the prey were identified at too general a level, i.e. crustaceans. In order to eliminate these kinds of items, and reduce the loss of data, we assigned these prey items proportionally to their resp ...
Vanni et al 2009 - units.miamioh.edu
... much more than others. This could be because some individuals are inherently better competitors, or because some individuals arrive at a site (or are born) earlier than others and thus preempt resources. Superior or early-arriving individuals may reach a relatively large size while inferior competit ...
... much more than others. This could be because some individuals are inherently better competitors, or because some individuals arrive at a site (or are born) earlier than others and thus preempt resources. Superior or early-arriving individuals may reach a relatively large size while inferior competit ...
Contributions of C3 and C4 plants to higher trophic - PPBio
... composite samples of individuals from each nest. The animal species were selected to include a wide range of taxonomic groups from a variety of guilds. The vertebrates were also species shown in our previous studies to use principally or exclusively savanna vegetation. Species that forage in savanna ...
... composite samples of individuals from each nest. The animal species were selected to include a wide range of taxonomic groups from a variety of guilds. The vertebrates were also species shown in our previous studies to use principally or exclusively savanna vegetation. Species that forage in savanna ...
Laurenson MK. 1994. High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx
... Abstract: Juvenile mortality in cheetahs was found to be extremely high compared to other large mammals, with approximately 72.2% of litters dying before they emerged from the lair at eight weeks of age. An average of 83.3% of cubs alive at emergence died by adolescence at 14 months of age, thus che ...
... Abstract: Juvenile mortality in cheetahs was found to be extremely high compared to other large mammals, with approximately 72.2% of litters dying before they emerged from the lair at eight weeks of age. An average of 83.3% of cubs alive at emergence died by adolescence at 14 months of age, thus che ...
Trophic Cascades in Lakes:
... and impact of trophic cascades. (2) Nutrient enrichment intensifies effects of trophic cascades on primary producers, contradicting early expectations. (3) Flow of terrestrial organic matter into lakes subsidizes consumers and thereby stabilizes alternative food webs established by trophic cascades. ...
... and impact of trophic cascades. (2) Nutrient enrichment intensifies effects of trophic cascades on primary producers, contradicting early expectations. (3) Flow of terrestrial organic matter into lakes subsidizes consumers and thereby stabilizes alternative food webs established by trophic cascades. ...
the role of competition in structuring ant
... Competition can be broadly defined as a negative interaction between two individuals sharing a limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skill ...
... Competition can be broadly defined as a negative interaction between two individuals sharing a limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skill ...
Climate Effects on Species
... Concept 52.4: Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species • Species distributions are the result of ecological and evolutionary interactions through time • Ecological time is the minute-to-minute time frame of interactions between organisms and the environme ...
... Concept 52.4: Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species • Species distributions are the result of ecological and evolutionary interactions through time • Ecological time is the minute-to-minute time frame of interactions between organisms and the environme ...
many factors influence the evolution of herbivore
... Because leaf tannins also dramatically reduce larval susceptibility to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Keating and Yendol 1987, Keating et al. 1988), the effect on the gypsy moth of "decreasing" host plant quality could also be very positive. In this example, herbivore feeding preferences and diet bread ...
... Because leaf tannins also dramatically reduce larval susceptibility to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Keating and Yendol 1987, Keating et al. 1988), the effect on the gypsy moth of "decreasing" host plant quality could also be very positive. In this example, herbivore feeding preferences and diet bread ...
Natural selection and adaptation
... (+/+), the M gene and its homolog segregate normally. • However, all progeny that do not inherit the Medea allele die at or shortly after egg hatch. The lethality is maternal, but the "rescue" is zygotic. The rescuing M allele can be inherited from either parent Levels of selection • “For the good o ...
... (+/+), the M gene and its homolog segregate normally. • However, all progeny that do not inherit the Medea allele die at or shortly after egg hatch. The lethality is maternal, but the "rescue" is zygotic. The rescuing M allele can be inherited from either parent Levels of selection • “For the good o ...
The Structure of Ecosystems
... fish too. A consumer may prey on both primary and secondary consumers as well as on decomposers. Robins, for example, consume both plant-eating insects and decomposers, such as earthworms. Omnivores, such as humans, eat a variety of producers as well as consumers from different levels. The diagram o ...
... fish too. A consumer may prey on both primary and secondary consumers as well as on decomposers. Robins, for example, consume both plant-eating insects and decomposers, such as earthworms. Omnivores, such as humans, eat a variety of producers as well as consumers from different levels. The diagram o ...
Abrupt community change on a rocky shore – biological
... of benthic algae and mussels were visual; the Dethier et al. (1993) study suggests that such estimates may provide the best representation of relative cover. Many details of the Mukkaw Bay site have been published (Paine 1966, Paine et al. 1985). At Tatoosh, study began in 1978 of six original algal ...
... of benthic algae and mussels were visual; the Dethier et al. (1993) study suggests that such estimates may provide the best representation of relative cover. Many details of the Mukkaw Bay site have been published (Paine 1966, Paine et al. 1985). At Tatoosh, study began in 1978 of six original algal ...
Full Text
... The influence of specific physical drivers on population abundance and distribution are variable across taxa. Therefore, accurate predictions of wildlife outcomes require species-specific models adapted to unique life-history and environmental conditions. However, other factors that occur at a commu ...
... The influence of specific physical drivers on population abundance and distribution are variable across taxa. Therefore, accurate predictions of wildlife outcomes require species-specific models adapted to unique life-history and environmental conditions. However, other factors that occur at a commu ...
Developmental Psychobiology: Chap4
... that might help to explain why they happened to arrive at the same theory (Bronowski , 1973) . Wallace was a product of the same British Victorian milieu as Darwin , except that he was from the working class. He left school at 14, and his early experience with plants and animals was gained in the En ...
... that might help to explain why they happened to arrive at the same theory (Bronowski , 1973) . Wallace was a product of the same British Victorian milieu as Darwin , except that he was from the working class. He left school at 14, and his early experience with plants and animals was gained in the En ...
1 Facilitators Notes Figure 1 Concept Biotic (living) and abiotic (non
... Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM) – organic material often composed of leaves, twigs, and stems. This is typically suspended or associated with sediments Fine Particulate Organic Matter – organic material that often results from the mechanical breakdown of CPOM and may include feces from othe ...
... Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM) – organic material often composed of leaves, twigs, and stems. This is typically suspended or associated with sediments Fine Particulate Organic Matter – organic material that often results from the mechanical breakdown of CPOM and may include feces from othe ...
Interspecific competition in metapopulations
... There are only a few studies in which the effects of interspecific competition on metapopulation dynamics and species distributions have been evaluated. As far as I know, the best studied system is the three waterflea (Daphnia) species in rockpools in Fennoscandia. Rockpools are small, waterfilled d ...
... There are only a few studies in which the effects of interspecific competition on metapopulation dynamics and species distributions have been evaluated. As far as I know, the best studied system is the three waterflea (Daphnia) species in rockpools in Fennoscandia. Rockpools are small, waterfilled d ...
Competition theory and the structure of ecological
... Mechanism C, the cost of commonness, imposes an upper bound on the density of a particular species in a manner independent of interspecific competition. Examples of such a mechanism include many kinds of density-dependent predator-prey, plant-herbivore, and host-pathogen interactions (e.g. Janzen, 1 ...
... Mechanism C, the cost of commonness, imposes an upper bound on the density of a particular species in a manner independent of interspecific competition. Examples of such a mechanism include many kinds of density-dependent predator-prey, plant-herbivore, and host-pathogen interactions (e.g. Janzen, 1 ...
Author template for journal articles
... bighorn sheep. Lack of forage has been a contributing factor in the extinction of 30 of the 80 ...
... bighorn sheep. Lack of forage has been a contributing factor in the extinction of 30 of the 80 ...
Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites
... susceptibility to predation of infected and uninfected hosts. A review of eight studies found that parasites of prey increased predation rates by a factor of 1.62 to 7.5 (Dobson 1988). These estimates are sensitive to sampling without replacement, suggesting such values might be underestimates (Laff ...
... susceptibility to predation of infected and uninfected hosts. A review of eight studies found that parasites of prey increased predation rates by a factor of 1.62 to 7.5 (Dobson 1988). These estimates are sensitive to sampling without replacement, suggesting such values might be underestimates (Laff ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.