Lecture 1: Introduction to Local Environmental Management
... wastes and what the policy measures, capacity building and waste infrastructure needs will be; Can be combined with other tools such as GIS or Life Cycle Analysis/Carbon Footprinting. ...
... wastes and what the policy measures, capacity building and waste infrastructure needs will be; Can be combined with other tools such as GIS or Life Cycle Analysis/Carbon Footprinting. ...
Geospiza pauper, Medium Tree-finch
... al. 2010a, S. Kleindorfer in litt. 2008). In 2004-2008 nesting success was extremely low in all years (4-8 % of all nests producing fledglings), 28% of nestlings were predated, and parasite intensity from P. downsi was second highest of any bird species studied so far on the Galápagos archipelago (O ...
... al. 2010a, S. Kleindorfer in litt. 2008). In 2004-2008 nesting success was extremely low in all years (4-8 % of all nests producing fledglings), 28% of nestlings were predated, and parasite intensity from P. downsi was second highest of any bird species studied so far on the Galápagos archipelago (O ...
Staddon et al 2010
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
... continuous habitat. These treatments are similar to a design previously used (Gilbert et al. 1998; Gonzalez et al. 1998) in the field. Microcosms were constructed of 30-mm thick, 240-mm square PVC base with four 70-mm-diameter subchambers in each corner (see Fig. S1). Each subchamber was 60-mm heigh ...
REV_ISS_WEB_JPE_12709_53-6 1823..1830
... in the refuge (distance = 0 m, 45 samples equally distributed across the refuge) and at three distances from the refuge into the coppiced part of the stand (distance = 2, 8 and 30 m; 15 samples per distance). Egg mortality was estimated following the same procedure as previously described, but using ...
... in the refuge (distance = 0 m, 45 samples equally distributed across the refuge) and at three distances from the refuge into the coppiced part of the stand (distance = 2, 8 and 30 m; 15 samples per distance). Egg mortality was estimated following the same procedure as previously described, but using ...
28.3 What Are The Effects Of Predator–Prey Interactions?
... • As prey become more difficult to catch, predators must become more adept at hunting ...
... • As prey become more difficult to catch, predators must become more adept at hunting ...
Engage - NC Science Wiki
... humans, and other organisms. There is a high degree of interdependence among populations of organisms and the non-living components of their environments. These interactions may support a stable population, but often result in wide fluctuation of population numbers over time in natural environments. ...
... humans, and other organisms. There is a high degree of interdependence among populations of organisms and the non-living components of their environments. These interactions may support a stable population, but often result in wide fluctuation of population numbers over time in natural environments. ...
Extension on Evolution
... Although the actual number of interactions that take place among living things on Earth is essentially limitless, ecologists group interactions between species into a few basic categories. These categories reflect whether the outcome of the interactions is positive (+), negative (–), or neutral (0) ...
... Although the actual number of interactions that take place among living things on Earth is essentially limitless, ecologists group interactions between species into a few basic categories. These categories reflect whether the outcome of the interactions is positive (+), negative (–), or neutral (0) ...
24_Lecture_Presentation
... – a region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids – Hybrids are the result of mating between species with incomplete reproductive ...
... – a region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids – Hybrids are the result of mating between species with incomplete reproductive ...
Ecology Review
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
Ecology Review - Science
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
THE ROLE OF PREDATION IN WILDLIFE POPULATION DYNAMICS
... have on prey populations continues. It is not our intent to critically review all predator-prey studies, but to use certain studies to illustrate aspects of predator-prey relationships. ...
... have on prey populations continues. It is not our intent to critically review all predator-prey studies, but to use certain studies to illustrate aspects of predator-prey relationships. ...
The roles of productivity and ecosystem size in determining food
... system (sampling details for all methods in Appendix C). We focused on arthropods as they make up the vast majority of free-living terrestrial diversity in this system and include consumers at all trophic levels. While certainly there are many taxa not captured via these three methodologies, it was ...
... system (sampling details for all methods in Appendix C). We focused on arthropods as they make up the vast majority of free-living terrestrial diversity in this system and include consumers at all trophic levels. While certainly there are many taxa not captured via these three methodologies, it was ...
University of Groningen Herbivores, resources and risks
... depends both on abiotic constraints on forage availability and body size, because size simultaneously affects the risk of predation of herbivores and their nutritional demands. Consequently, ecosystems composed of similar species can have different dynamics if they differ in resource supply. Here, w ...
... depends both on abiotic constraints on forage availability and body size, because size simultaneously affects the risk of predation of herbivores and their nutritional demands. Consequently, ecosystems composed of similar species can have different dynamics if they differ in resource supply. Here, w ...
Modelling the impact of hydrography and lower trophic production
... only approximately resolved. Due to their complexity and non-linearity biological features are most difficult to incorporate into ecosystem models. Mass-balance models are a commonly used ecosystem modelling approach, focussing on the material flow between trophic levels. Species are combined into f ...
... only approximately resolved. Due to their complexity and non-linearity biological features are most difficult to incorporate into ecosystem models. Mass-balance models are a commonly used ecosystem modelling approach, focussing on the material flow between trophic levels. Species are combined into f ...
BIRDS AS PREDATORS IN TROPICAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS S A. V B
... and forests in the extent to which bird predation affected arthropods or plant damage (Table 2). This was true when we compared the agroforest studies to all forest (Table 2) and to tropical forest studies (P . 0.05 for all arthropods and plant damage). No studies were available for temperate agrofo ...
... and forests in the extent to which bird predation affected arthropods or plant damage (Table 2). This was true when we compared the agroforest studies to all forest (Table 2) and to tropical forest studies (P . 0.05 for all arthropods and plant damage). No studies were available for temperate agrofo ...
Ecology 1 - New Jersey Institute of Technology
... 2. Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant-eaters). 3. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat both animals and plants). 4. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. 5. Qua ...
... 2. Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant-eaters). 3. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat both animals and plants). 4. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. 5. Qua ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... fusely defined “functional” or “trophic” species (Martinez et al. 1999; Baiser et al. 2011); groups of species on the basis of their spatial distribution (Baskerville et al. 2011). This is because SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of ...
... fusely defined “functional” or “trophic” species (Martinez et al. 1999; Baiser et al. 2011); groups of species on the basis of their spatial distribution (Baskerville et al. 2011). This is because SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of ...
Development of a subtidal epifaunal community at the island of
... mum (73 individuals 100 cm-"~) on the one-month panel and B. schlosseri was still frequently settling (36 single "individuals"). On the series-A panel it already covered ca. 15 % of the total area (692 ingestion openings). The stolons of L. geniculata reached their widest expansion at the same time ...
... mum (73 individuals 100 cm-"~) on the one-month panel and B. schlosseri was still frequently settling (36 single "individuals"). On the series-A panel it already covered ca. 15 % of the total area (692 ingestion openings). The stolons of L. geniculata reached their widest expansion at the same time ...
AP-ES 5 13-14 V2
... Population changes affect communities • As population in one species declines, other species may appear • Human development now displaces other species and threatens biodiversity - As Monteverde dried out, species from lower, drier habitats appeared - But, species from the cloud-forest habitats ...
... Population changes affect communities • As population in one species declines, other species may appear • Human development now displaces other species and threatens biodiversity - As Monteverde dried out, species from lower, drier habitats appeared - But, species from the cloud-forest habitats ...
Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.