Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
... persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource less or not at all (Dicke & Hilker 2003; Laforsch & Tollrian 2004). We would like to point out that all these mechanisms are different from lottery models ( Williams 1975; Bell 1982), where resources vanish comple ...
2.4.2 Zonation and Succession
... Stage 3 Competition: Microclimate continues to change as new species colonize. Larger plants increase cover and provide shelter, enabling K-selected species to become established. Temperature, sun and wind are less extreme. Earlier pioneer r-species are unable to compete with K species for space, nu ...
... Stage 3 Competition: Microclimate continues to change as new species colonize. Larger plants increase cover and provide shelter, enabling K-selected species to become established. Temperature, sun and wind are less extreme. Earlier pioneer r-species are unable to compete with K species for space, nu ...
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks in community and ecosystem ecology
... environment and the organism. We define the environment (E ) broadly as ‘.any property outside the organisms under consideration’ (Hutchinson 1957), or its n-dimensional niche. This includes all of the biological and physiochemical conditions (external to the organism) that might influence evolution ...
... environment and the organism. We define the environment (E ) broadly as ‘.any property outside the organisms under consideration’ (Hutchinson 1957), or its n-dimensional niche. This includes all of the biological and physiochemical conditions (external to the organism) that might influence evolution ...
Hungry predators render predator-avoidance
... activity did not change significantly with the starvation treatment. Overall, the less active predator species/ treatment combinations did not significantly prefer the more active one of the two tadpoles, as predicted by the encounter probabilities and under the assumption of equal encounter radii b ...
... activity did not change significantly with the starvation treatment. Overall, the less active predator species/ treatment combinations did not significantly prefer the more active one of the two tadpoles, as predicted by the encounter probabilities and under the assumption of equal encounter radii b ...
Impacts of Predators on Northern Bobwhites in the Southeast
... response variable to predator control. It is most often defined as at least one egg in the clutch hatching, and many studies have observed higher hatching success for ground-nesting birds when predator control was conducted. For example, increased nest success was observed when predators were contr ...
... response variable to predator control. It is most often defined as at least one egg in the clutch hatching, and many studies have observed higher hatching success for ground-nesting birds when predator control was conducted. For example, increased nest success was observed when predators were contr ...
FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS
... The Big Idea: Every living thing is part of a food chain as well as a more complex food web. There are various ways to categorize organisms within an ecosystem, including producers, consumers, and decomposers; predators and prey; and herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Whatever happens to one spe ...
... The Big Idea: Every living thing is part of a food chain as well as a more complex food web. There are various ways to categorize organisms within an ecosystem, including producers, consumers, and decomposers; predators and prey; and herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Whatever happens to one spe ...
A spatial theory for characterizing predator–multiprey interactions in
... reduce encounter rates with predators and thereby reduce predation mortality risk [8,9]. Furthermore, human agency can alter the spatial structure of landscapes, and hence the nature of predator – prey interactions, through habitat alteration or destruction consequent to resource extraction or land ...
... reduce encounter rates with predators and thereby reduce predation mortality risk [8,9]. Furthermore, human agency can alter the spatial structure of landscapes, and hence the nature of predator – prey interactions, through habitat alteration or destruction consequent to resource extraction or land ...
the spider fauna of the irrigated rice ecosystem in central kerala
... Thevara, Cochin-682 013, Kerala, India. E-mail: [email protected] M.J. Mathew: Division of Arachnology, Dept. of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin-682 013, Kerala, India S. Pathummal Beevi: Dept. of Agricultural Entomology, Biological Control of Crop Pests & Weeds, College of Ho ...
... Thevara, Cochin-682 013, Kerala, India. E-mail: [email protected] M.J. Mathew: Division of Arachnology, Dept. of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin-682 013, Kerala, India S. Pathummal Beevi: Dept. of Agricultural Entomology, Biological Control of Crop Pests & Weeds, College of Ho ...
A Neighborhood View of Interactions among Individual Plants
... individual plants do not experience global population density per se, but only interact with neighbors over restricted distances. The mobility of animals makes their spatial behavior potentially far more complex than that of plants, but, ironically, this ability to move can make the modeling of spac ...
... individual plants do not experience global population density per se, but only interact with neighbors over restricted distances. The mobility of animals makes their spatial behavior potentially far more complex than that of plants, but, ironically, this ability to move can make the modeling of spac ...
Instructor: Dr. Rudy Boonstra Office:
... Course Homepage: Available through UTSC homepage, upper right: Blackboard Portal. All communication will be done via this mechanism. Check it weekly and more often near due dates for assignments. Lecture slides, data files, essay writing tools, news items, etc. will be posted. Announcements: It is Y ...
... Course Homepage: Available through UTSC homepage, upper right: Blackboard Portal. All communication will be done via this mechanism. Check it weekly and more often near due dates for assignments. Lecture slides, data files, essay writing tools, news items, etc. will be posted. Announcements: It is Y ...
video slide - Course
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
SudingMS_final_1007_RYS
... Evidence suggests that traits should often differ in their contribution to response or effect functional groupings. For instance, community response to environmental ...
... Evidence suggests that traits should often differ in their contribution to response or effect functional groupings. For instance, community response to environmental ...
File 2 - Marine Biology
... - sea otter (Enhydra lutris): related to river otter, feeds on sedentary benthic invertebrates, use tools - fed upon by large predators such as sharks, killer whales - Population biology - Alaska (northern sea otter) population = 100,000 - California (southern sea otter) population = 2,150 - down fr ...
... - sea otter (Enhydra lutris): related to river otter, feeds on sedentary benthic invertebrates, use tools - fed upon by large predators such as sharks, killer whales - Population biology - Alaska (northern sea otter) population = 100,000 - California (southern sea otter) population = 2,150 - down fr ...
File - Pedersen Science
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
Chapter 53 Population Ecology Powerpoint
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
... • Population density can influence the health and survival of organisms. In dense populations, pathogens can spread more rapidly. • As a prey population builds up, predators may feed preferentially on that species. • Accumulation of toxic wastes can contribute to density-dependent regulation of popu ...
Endangered Species - Woodland Park Zoo
... The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture, attempts to prevent the introduction of nonnative agricultural pests and diseases. Other government agencies and non-governmental organizations also work together to distribute informati ...
... The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture, attempts to prevent the introduction of nonnative agricultural pests and diseases. Other government agencies and non-governmental organizations also work together to distribute informati ...
Habitat heterogeneity and mammalian predatorprey interactions
... In this review, we aim to explore how habitat spatial heterogeneity may affect predator–prey dynamics in terrestrial mammalian systems, i.e. in systems characterized by highly mobile species, and focus on predation by mammals on mammals with a few exceptions of avian predation on mammals. We provide ...
... In this review, we aim to explore how habitat spatial heterogeneity may affect predator–prey dynamics in terrestrial mammalian systems, i.e. in systems characterized by highly mobile species, and focus on predation by mammals on mammals with a few exceptions of avian predation on mammals. We provide ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.