Gough and Grace 1999
... ecologists today is understanding the factors influencing plant community structure well enough to predict how communities will respond to changing environmental conditions. For example, the ecological literature contains many models of species diversity with application to a wide variety of communi ...
... ecologists today is understanding the factors influencing plant community structure well enough to predict how communities will respond to changing environmental conditions. For example, the ecological literature contains many models of species diversity with application to a wide variety of communi ...
The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining
... transplanted from mid-zone beds to low intertidal regions (where these bivalves are normally almost absent) to plots with and without Pisaster (Ⳮsea stars and ⳮsea stars, respectively). Experiments were conducted at wave-exposed and wave-protected areas at each of two sites. Predation was quantified ...
... transplanted from mid-zone beds to low intertidal regions (where these bivalves are normally almost absent) to plots with and without Pisaster (Ⳮsea stars and ⳮsea stars, respectively). Experiments were conducted at wave-exposed and wave-protected areas at each of two sites. Predation was quantified ...
Age-related mortality explains life history strategies of tropical and
... growth trajectories. Growth is faster in the temperate species at early ages (the yellow curve in Fig. 3B rises faster). However, the faster growth of the tropical wren at later ages allows it to achieve the same relative body mass as the temperate wren in the same amount of time (Fig. 3B). These di ...
... growth trajectories. Growth is faster in the temperate species at early ages (the yellow curve in Fig. 3B rises faster). However, the faster growth of the tropical wren at later ages allows it to achieve the same relative body mass as the temperate wren in the same amount of time (Fig. 3B). These di ...
Insect communities and biotic interactions on
... Although species–area relationships are generally a well known and often described ecological pattern, only a few studies of insect communities on calcareous grasslands exist. Zschokke et al. (2000) analysed shortterm (after 3 years) responses of plants, ants, butterflies, and grasshoppers to experim ...
... Although species–area relationships are generally a well known and often described ecological pattern, only a few studies of insect communities on calcareous grasslands exist. Zschokke et al. (2000) analysed shortterm (after 3 years) responses of plants, ants, butterflies, and grasshoppers to experim ...
Full article
... Information about food habits is an important introduction to the natural history of any species. Litvaitis (2000) evaluated the different techniques used to investigate food habits in vertebrates and he pointed out their advantages and disadvantages, including its expensive or inexpensive cost. Tec ...
... Information about food habits is an important introduction to the natural history of any species. Litvaitis (2000) evaluated the different techniques used to investigate food habits in vertebrates and he pointed out their advantages and disadvantages, including its expensive or inexpensive cost. Tec ...
Heterohyrax brucei – Yellow
... They are predominantly browsers, but are known to infrequently supplement their diets with grasses (Hoeck 1975). The bulk of their diets consist of leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and bark. They are cautious feeders, stopping on each mouthful to scan the surroundings and make short foraging trips clos ...
... They are predominantly browsers, but are known to infrequently supplement their diets with grasses (Hoeck 1975). The bulk of their diets consist of leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and bark. They are cautious feeders, stopping on each mouthful to scan the surroundings and make short foraging trips clos ...
Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone`s Northern Range
... major or irreversible changes in processes, ecosystem conditions, or population numbers? Theory and field studies have shown that some ecological systems change abruptly from one relatively stable state to another. In these situations, simply removing the factor or factors that caused change may not ...
... major or irreversible changes in processes, ecosystem conditions, or population numbers? Theory and field studies have shown that some ecological systems change abruptly from one relatively stable state to another. In these situations, simply removing the factor or factors that caused change may not ...
Succession - WordPress.com
... 1. Plants immigrate by means of seed dispersal (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants compete with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. 3. Site modification: plants add organic matter to the topsoil which alters the soil. This in turn changes the p ...
... 1. Plants immigrate by means of seed dispersal (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants compete with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. 3. Site modification: plants add organic matter to the topsoil which alters the soil. This in turn changes the p ...
Species traits explaining sensitivity of snakes to human land use
... schema of Theobald (2010) results in typically higher values for agricultural areas compared to urban areas, in line with the expectation that agricultural lands may be of higher quality for wildlife than urban lands would be. For complete details of how effect sizes were calculated, see Todd et al. ...
... schema of Theobald (2010) results in typically higher values for agricultural areas compared to urban areas, in line with the expectation that agricultural lands may be of higher quality for wildlife than urban lands would be. For complete details of how effect sizes were calculated, see Todd et al. ...
Year-to-year variation in plant competition in a mountain grassland
... with climate are always plagued with statistical problems. These data cannot be used to demonstrate the role of climate in changing species’ competitive abilities; rather, density of a species has to be manipulated experimentally over several years. Two kinds of manipulative experiment can be used t ...
... with climate are always plagued with statistical problems. These data cannot be used to demonstrate the role of climate in changing species’ competitive abilities; rather, density of a species has to be manipulated experimentally over several years. Two kinds of manipulative experiment can be used t ...
population - Deer Creek High School
... • A uniform pattern of dispersion often results from interactions among individuals of a population – Territorial behavior and competition for water are examples of such interactions ...
... • A uniform pattern of dispersion often results from interactions among individuals of a population – Territorial behavior and competition for water are examples of such interactions ...
Taiga Biomes of the Earth
... flow through the ecosystem. Such detailed analyses provide biologists with the data they need to manage ecosystems and to work out the impacts of environmental changes, both natural and human-induced. They can see the effect of grazers and parasites on the growth of trees. They can also work out whe ...
... flow through the ecosystem. Such detailed analyses provide biologists with the data they need to manage ecosystems and to work out the impacts of environmental changes, both natural and human-induced. They can see the effect of grazers and parasites on the growth of trees. They can also work out whe ...
Practice Exam
... 42. The consumer group represented by the perpendicular bar labeled “Y” is known as the: a) carnivores b) decomposers c) omnivores d) keystones e) herbivores 43. Ants, Bees, Wolves, and Alligators are examples of organisms that are disproportionately important compared to their biomass in an ecosyst ...
... 42. The consumer group represented by the perpendicular bar labeled “Y” is known as the: a) carnivores b) decomposers c) omnivores d) keystones e) herbivores 43. Ants, Bees, Wolves, and Alligators are examples of organisms that are disproportionately important compared to their biomass in an ecosyst ...
Processes of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits
... and population extirpation (Lande, 1976; Hanski & Gilpin, 1991; Lynch & Lande, 1993; Holt, 1997a,b). Macroevolutionary factors that emerge from microevolutionary processes include convergent evolution of functional traits in independent lineages that share the same local environment, parallel evolut ...
... and population extirpation (Lande, 1976; Hanski & Gilpin, 1991; Lynch & Lande, 1993; Holt, 1997a,b). Macroevolutionary factors that emerge from microevolutionary processes include convergent evolution of functional traits in independent lineages that share the same local environment, parallel evolut ...
Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems
... 37.1 A community includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area Biological community – An assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction ...
... 37.1 A community includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area Biological community – An assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction ...
Biology 30 - Patricia Schwandt Courses
... Read the following news story and then answer the questions. The total population of Iceland is less than 300,000 people, and genealogy (family history) is a national interest. Most Icelanders can trace their families back around 1200 years. In December of 1998, after much heated debate, the parliam ...
... Read the following news story and then answer the questions. The total population of Iceland is less than 300,000 people, and genealogy (family history) is a national interest. Most Icelanders can trace their families back around 1200 years. In December of 1998, after much heated debate, the parliam ...
Ecology 84 - A Thousand Invisible Cords
... correlations among traits (Hawthorne and Via 2001), which can cause rapid evolutionary responses in a species (Widmer 2002). In the future, technological advances in bioinformatics and genomics may allow the analysis of the actual genes or alleles that affect species interactions, greatly increasing ...
... correlations among traits (Hawthorne and Via 2001), which can cause rapid evolutionary responses in a species (Widmer 2002). In the future, technological advances in bioinformatics and genomics may allow the analysis of the actual genes or alleles that affect species interactions, greatly increasing ...
Ecosystem
... 1. Describe the characteristics of a community 2. Explain how interspecific interactions affect the dynamics of populations 3. Describe the trophic structure of a community 4. Explain how species diversity is measured 5. Describe the role of environmental disturbance on ...
... 1. Describe the characteristics of a community 2. Explain how interspecific interactions affect the dynamics of populations 3. Describe the trophic structure of a community 4. Explain how species diversity is measured 5. Describe the role of environmental disturbance on ...
Farm Ecosystems - Jones Valley Teaching Farm
... plays within its environment that makes it special or different from every other organism. Producers: Plants are producers because they produce their own food from sunlight. The plant’s niche in an ecosystem is as a producer because they produce their own food. ...
... plays within its environment that makes it special or different from every other organism. Producers: Plants are producers because they produce their own food from sunlight. The plant’s niche in an ecosystem is as a producer because they produce their own food. ...
Basic Ecology Powerpoint BasicEcologyFIB-PPModified
... Biome-regions of the world with similar abiotic factors (climate:weather, temperature) & biotic factors (animals and plants). Examples: Rainforests, Deserts, Oceans. ...
... Biome-regions of the world with similar abiotic factors (climate:weather, temperature) & biotic factors (animals and plants). Examples: Rainforests, Deserts, Oceans. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.