A species-based theory of insular zoogeography
... to be recurrent, but the model does not assume a balance, or equilibrium, of these processes. 3 The model is primarily phenomenological. It requires very little parameterization beyond that which can be directly derived from distribution patterns of the focal species. 4 The model is hierarchical. It ...
... to be recurrent, but the model does not assume a balance, or equilibrium, of these processes. 3 The model is primarily phenomenological. It requires very little parameterization beyond that which can be directly derived from distribution patterns of the focal species. 4 The model is hierarchical. It ...
AP® BIOLOGY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
... In part (a) the response earned 1 point for stating that “the ground flora and shrubs have much more species diversity than the understory trees or canopy trees.” Another point was earned for stating, “The flora and shrubs have reached their carrying capacity.” The response does not address animal s ...
... In part (a) the response earned 1 point for stating that “the ground flora and shrubs have much more species diversity than the understory trees or canopy trees.” Another point was earned for stating, “The flora and shrubs have reached their carrying capacity.” The response does not address animal s ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... Paleontologists and paleoecologists deal with samples of organisms and environments that are spread out in time as well as in space, and they have developed a system of new terms for unique concepts or different meanings for existing terms that reflect this domain. Fossil species, like living specie ...
... Paleontologists and paleoecologists deal with samples of organisms and environments that are spread out in time as well as in space, and they have developed a system of new terms for unique concepts or different meanings for existing terms that reflect this domain. Fossil species, like living specie ...
Lecture Notes from February 7, 2005
... a) Note that the number of candidate models exceeds the sample size. This is OK for an exploratory analysis (when you could easily have MANY more models than samples), but should be avoided for confirmatory analyses since it increases the chance that the chosen model will fit the data best simply by ...
... a) Note that the number of candidate models exceeds the sample size. This is OK for an exploratory analysis (when you could easily have MANY more models than samples), but should be avoided for confirmatory analyses since it increases the chance that the chosen model will fit the data best simply by ...
Conservation planning and assessment of biological resources and
... the greater Canyonlands region in particular stand out, such as the Abajo Mountains Focus Area, which contains 100% of all of the Yavapai mountain snail known to exist in Utah, as well healthy populations of northern goshawk. The Elk Ridge Focus Area provides critical habitat for spotted owl, three- ...
... the greater Canyonlands region in particular stand out, such as the Abajo Mountains Focus Area, which contains 100% of all of the Yavapai mountain snail known to exist in Utah, as well healthy populations of northern goshawk. The Elk Ridge Focus Area provides critical habitat for spotted owl, three- ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... Paleontologists and paleoecologists deal with samples of organisms and environments that are spread out in time as well as in space, and they have developed a system of new terms for unique concepts or different meanings for existing terms that reflect this domain. Fossil species, like living specie ...
... Paleontologists and paleoecologists deal with samples of organisms and environments that are spread out in time as well as in space, and they have developed a system of new terms for unique concepts or different meanings for existing terms that reflect this domain. Fossil species, like living specie ...
RESPONSE SURFACE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS FOR
... have been done to examine the effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Unfortunately, most of these experiments have been done using either substitution or additive experimental designs. Substitution designs, and to a lesser extent additive designs, severely limit the useful inference ...
... have been done to examine the effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Unfortunately, most of these experiments have been done using either substitution or additive experimental designs. Substitution designs, and to a lesser extent additive designs, severely limit the useful inference ...
Marine Ecosystems and Global Change
... System. Understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems and how they respond to global change is also essential in order to effectively manage global marine living resources, such as fisheries. The upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems—fish, whales, seals and seabirds—are all prominent in the ...
... System. Understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems and how they respond to global change is also essential in order to effectively manage global marine living resources, such as fisheries. The upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems—fish, whales, seals and seabirds—are all prominent in the ...
QUESTION: Review
... An ecosystem is defined as: a) The total living things on Earth b) Members of the same population that can interbreed c) Interacting species in an area d) Species and the nonliving material they interact with ...
... An ecosystem is defined as: a) The total living things on Earth b) Members of the same population that can interbreed c) Interacting species in an area d) Species and the nonliving material they interact with ...
Mammal Community Structure in a World of Gradients
... Coe et al. (1976) showed that biomass of African ungulate communities is positively correlated with annual rainfall up to ca. 700 mm per year and Bell (1982) emphasized the importance of soil nutrients in addition to moisture. Likewise, species diversities of mammals in Europe and North America ofte ...
... Coe et al. (1976) showed that biomass of African ungulate communities is positively correlated with annual rainfall up to ca. 700 mm per year and Bell (1982) emphasized the importance of soil nutrients in addition to moisture. Likewise, species diversities of mammals in Europe and North America ofte ...
Chapter 37 PowerPoint
... 37.1 A community includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area Biological community – An assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction – Described by its species composition ...
... 37.1 A community includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area Biological community – An assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction – Described by its species composition ...
Review Paper Biodiversity Effects on Aquatic Ecosystem Functioning
... A common criticism of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments has been that most of them have used artificially assembled communities with random species loss. The results from such studies, it has been argued, are unlikely to provide us with any useful information about the functioning of re ...
... A common criticism of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments has been that most of them have used artificially assembled communities with random species loss. The results from such studies, it has been argued, are unlikely to provide us with any useful information about the functioning of re ...
Species richness and environmental fluctuation affect population
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased
... metabolic byproducts without particular functions. As Caucasian C diffusa. Most importantly, they included described below for the examples of Centaurea maculosa, treatments in which these competing species were grown Centaurea diffusa, and Picea-Vaccinum communities, there in sand mixed with a smal ...
... metabolic byproducts without particular functions. As Caucasian C diffusa. Most importantly, they included described below for the examples of Centaurea maculosa, treatments in which these competing species were grown Centaurea diffusa, and Picea-Vaccinum communities, there in sand mixed with a smal ...
Available Benthic Energy Coefficient (ABEC): a - Archimer
... The benthic production of prey seems to be one of the main drivers among many environmental factors that influence the quality of fish nurseries and potentially limit their carrying capacity. However, the contribution of food availability in the growth and survival of juveniles is still controversia ...
... The benthic production of prey seems to be one of the main drivers among many environmental factors that influence the quality of fish nurseries and potentially limit their carrying capacity. However, the contribution of food availability in the growth and survival of juveniles is still controversia ...
Viability of an endangered population of ortolan buntings: The effect
... population in Norway. To avoid biases in demographic parameters between the two periods, only data from the latter was used for analyses unless otherwise stated. Data on adult survival was obtained by capturing males in mist nets with the aid of playback of song. For individual identification each m ...
... population in Norway. To avoid biases in demographic parameters between the two periods, only data from the latter was used for analyses unless otherwise stated. Data on adult survival was obtained by capturing males in mist nets with the aid of playback of song. For individual identification each m ...
What`s your trophic level and ecological efficiency
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
Predator–prey relationships and responses of ungulates and their
... year (Odden et al., 2005). The forest-dwelling Indian muntjac is a small (15–20 kg) and solitary browser with a dispersed distribution (Ilyas and Khan, 2003; Odden and Wegge, 2007). The internationally endangered, large-sized barasingha (>150 kg) occurred in low numbers, associated mainly with grass ...
... year (Odden et al., 2005). The forest-dwelling Indian muntjac is a small (15–20 kg) and solitary browser with a dispersed distribution (Ilyas and Khan, 2003; Odden and Wegge, 2007). The internationally endangered, large-sized barasingha (>150 kg) occurred in low numbers, associated mainly with grass ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.