Mammals and Seeds - Plymouth State University
... The date of depredation of the seeds was also significant. The inclining trend in the early part of the week-long experiment could indicate that the residents learned about the prolonged presence of food. Throughout the week of observation there was a lot of rainfall, so this also could have prompte ...
... The date of depredation of the seeds was also significant. The inclining trend in the early part of the week-long experiment could indicate that the residents learned about the prolonged presence of food. Throughout the week of observation there was a lot of rainfall, so this also could have prompte ...
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17
... − problem with social intelligence hypothesis for hominines − some of the hominines do not live in large groups − orangutans are solitary − gorillas live in small groups − so how would better ability to solve social problems improve their reproductive success? − but many hominines to use complex seq ...
... − problem with social intelligence hypothesis for hominines − some of the hominines do not live in large groups − orangutans are solitary − gorillas live in small groups − so how would better ability to solve social problems improve their reproductive success? − but many hominines to use complex seq ...
AMPHIPODS AS FOOD SOURCES FOR HIGHER TROPHIC
... a lower amount of amphipods (from 0.1 to 1.7 Mt.yr-1) as their relative biomass is far weaker than that of fish. The total amphipod mass ingested per year is thus estimated at roughly 60 Mt. These values must however be cautiously regarded as they are tainted with biases and approximations for sever ...
... a lower amount of amphipods (from 0.1 to 1.7 Mt.yr-1) as their relative biomass is far weaker than that of fish. The total amphipod mass ingested per year is thus estimated at roughly 60 Mt. These values must however be cautiously regarded as they are tainted with biases and approximations for sever ...
Lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators
... between interacting species. By reviewing definitions and their underlying assumptions, we demonstrate that lethal interactions among large vertebrate predators could be designated using four terms—‘predation’, ‘intraguild predation’, ‘interspecific competitive killing’, and ‘superpredation’—without ...
... between interacting species. By reviewing definitions and their underlying assumptions, we demonstrate that lethal interactions among large vertebrate predators could be designated using four terms—‘predation’, ‘intraguild predation’, ‘interspecific competitive killing’, and ‘superpredation’—without ...
Chapter 53 Population Ecology
... Evolution and Life History Diversity • Species that exhibit semelparity, or big-bang reproduction, reproduce once and die • Species that exhibit iteroparity, or repeated reproduction, produce offspring repeatedly • Highly variable or unpredictable environments likely favor big-bang reproduction, wh ...
... Evolution and Life History Diversity • Species that exhibit semelparity, or big-bang reproduction, reproduce once and die • Species that exhibit iteroparity, or repeated reproduction, produce offspring repeatedly • Highly variable or unpredictable environments likely favor big-bang reproduction, wh ...
Testing Predictions of the Prey of Lion (Panthera leo) Derived from
... ABSTRACT Apex predators are often threatened with extinction, and reintroduction is one method conservation managers are using to secure their persistence. Yet the ability to predict what these predators will eat upon reintroduction is lacking. Here we test predictions of the diet of the lion (Panth ...
... ABSTRACT Apex predators are often threatened with extinction, and reintroduction is one method conservation managers are using to secure their persistence. Yet the ability to predict what these predators will eat upon reintroduction is lacking. Here we test predictions of the diet of the lion (Panth ...
The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple
... 25 years, a large amount of effort has gone into modelling the physical environment, primary productivity, and zooplankton productivity. Many of these models have been linked to fishery populations through larval feeding and larval dispersal (Werner et al., 2001, 2007; North et al., 2009; Hinrichsen ...
... 25 years, a large amount of effort has gone into modelling the physical environment, primary productivity, and zooplankton productivity. Many of these models have been linked to fishery populations through larval feeding and larval dispersal (Werner et al., 2001, 2007; North et al., 2009; Hinrichsen ...
High School Environmental Science Scavenger Hunt
... Locate the gopher tortoise in the Coastal Plain. His burrow, which can be more than 40 feet long, provides shelter to numerous other animal species. These animals benefit from the shelter, but the gopher tortoise is neither harmed nor helped. This relationship is called: commensalism. ...
... Locate the gopher tortoise in the Coastal Plain. His burrow, which can be more than 40 feet long, provides shelter to numerous other animal species. These animals benefit from the shelter, but the gopher tortoise is neither harmed nor helped. This relationship is called: commensalism. ...
Evaluating Biodiversity in Fragmented Landscapes
... isolation. According to a number of scientific theories, such as island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) and metapopulation2 dynamics (Hanski, 1998), the reduction in area may lead to increased local extinctions, while increased isolation may cause a reduction in the exchange of individuals ...
... isolation. According to a number of scientific theories, such as island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) and metapopulation2 dynamics (Hanski, 1998), the reduction in area may lead to increased local extinctions, while increased isolation may cause a reduction in the exchange of individuals ...
SchneiderEnglish
... With a material growth of 2% per year, we will extract 30 times too much in 2050. ...
... With a material growth of 2% per year, we will extract 30 times too much in 2050. ...
Application of a predator–prey overlap metric to determine the
... impacts on phytoplankton productivity (Levy et al., 2001), secondary production (Barange, 1994; Zhang et al., 2013), and the biomass production of higher trophic levels (Cotte et al., 2007). Thin layers are aggregations of plankton (.2× background concentration) that span ,5 m in the vertical direct ...
... impacts on phytoplankton productivity (Levy et al., 2001), secondary production (Barange, 1994; Zhang et al., 2013), and the biomass production of higher trophic levels (Cotte et al., 2007). Thin layers are aggregations of plankton (.2× background concentration) that span ,5 m in the vertical direct ...
Biotic and Abiotic Controls in River and Stream Communities
... Without attempting to be comprehensive in our review, we discuss limits and limitations of our knowledge in these areas. We also suggest types of data and technological development that would advance our understanding. While we appreciate the value and need for empirical and comparative information, ...
... Without attempting to be comprehensive in our review, we discuss limits and limitations of our knowledge in these areas. We also suggest types of data and technological development that would advance our understanding. While we appreciate the value and need for empirical and comparative information, ...
Mangrove Communities on Danjugan
... lagoons 1 and 3 with respect to habitat provision and trophic support for juvenile fish communities would be worthy of further research, particularly in light of the protected area status of surrounding coral communities of the island. Similarly, the size and age structure of existing trees should b ...
... lagoons 1 and 3 with respect to habitat provision and trophic support for juvenile fish communities would be worthy of further research, particularly in light of the protected area status of surrounding coral communities of the island. Similarly, the size and age structure of existing trees should b ...
Chapter Objective Essays These must be in complete sentences. BE
... 36.9 Explain how the structure of the world’s human population has changed and continues to change. Describe the key factors that affect human population growth. (4pts) ...
... 36.9 Explain how the structure of the world’s human population has changed and continues to change. Describe the key factors that affect human population growth. (4pts) ...
Reefscapes of fear: predation risk and reef
... 1. Predators can exert strong direct and indirect effects on ecological communities by intimidating their prey. The nature of predation risk effects is often context dependent, but in some ecosystems these contingencies are often overlooked. 2. Risk effects are often not uniform across landscapes or ...
... 1. Predators can exert strong direct and indirect effects on ecological communities by intimidating their prey. The nature of predation risk effects is often context dependent, but in some ecosystems these contingencies are often overlooked. 2. Risk effects are often not uniform across landscapes or ...
Network structural properties mediate the stability of mutualistic
... increases in the number of mutualistic species of partite M, A or both (Fig. 1), thereby indicating that species diversity does indeed beget the stability of mutualistic communities. This positive diversity–stability relationship did not depend on or vary with other community structures. Resilience ...
... increases in the number of mutualistic species of partite M, A or both (Fig. 1), thereby indicating that species diversity does indeed beget the stability of mutualistic communities. This positive diversity–stability relationship did not depend on or vary with other community structures. Resilience ...
this PDF file - African Invertebrates
... 1987) and spiders were therefore categorized according to size to determine whether there is any difference in defensive behaviours based on size. Size ranges of the spiders were categorized as (A) individuals up to 8 mm, (B) individuals from 8-11 mm, (C) individuals from 12-15 mm and (D) individual ...
... 1987) and spiders were therefore categorized according to size to determine whether there is any difference in defensive behaviours based on size. Size ranges of the spiders were categorized as (A) individuals up to 8 mm, (B) individuals from 8-11 mm, (C) individuals from 12-15 mm and (D) individual ...
3rd Quarter Benchmark Part III
... They capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into forms that plants can useTemplate . by Bill Arcuri, WCSD ...
... They capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into forms that plants can useTemplate . by Bill Arcuri, WCSD ...
Author`s personal copy
... British Columbia. This raises an interesting question: if a native North American species expands its range on its own, should it be considered a non-native species in its new range? For the ecosystems and species in the new range, it makes little difference how the species got there. There is no cl ...
... British Columbia. This raises an interesting question: if a native North American species expands its range on its own, should it be considered a non-native species in its new range? For the ecosystems and species in the new range, it makes little difference how the species got there. There is no cl ...
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... state, threshold value, amount of change, or trend to achieve for a particular plant population or habitat characteristic. Management objectives should include reference to several characteristics, including 1) identification of the taxon or habitat variable to monitor, 2) what sites to monitor, 3) ...
... state, threshold value, amount of change, or trend to achieve for a particular plant population or habitat characteristic. Management objectives should include reference to several characteristics, including 1) identification of the taxon or habitat variable to monitor, 2) what sites to monitor, 3) ...
Establishing a protected area network in Canada`s
... 2. Reserve design: how big and how many? The total area available for protection is severely constrained because of competing societal demands for land use. Thus we are faced with having to decide whether it would be better to have many small protected areas, or few large ones. Having more protected ...
... 2. Reserve design: how big and how many? The total area available for protection is severely constrained because of competing societal demands for land use. Thus we are faced with having to decide whether it would be better to have many small protected areas, or few large ones. Having more protected ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.