The role of ecological interactions in determining species
... uses ‘niche modelling’ (Pearson & Dawson, 2003) to enable predictions to be made about how species distributions are likely to change in future. Niche models, commonly termed species distribution models (SDMs), rely on occurrence data collected over large spatial scales and often over long time peri ...
... uses ‘niche modelling’ (Pearson & Dawson, 2003) to enable predictions to be made about how species distributions are likely to change in future. Niche models, commonly termed species distribution models (SDMs), rely on occurrence data collected over large spatial scales and often over long time peri ...
surveying for ranavirus in green frogs (lithobates clamitans) at five
... Throughout the world, amphibian, reptile, and fish populations are showing declines due to a variety of factors including habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, invasive species, and the spread of infectious diseases (Ouellet et al., 2005; Blaustein et al., 2005). Contagious diseases have caused ...
... Throughout the world, amphibian, reptile, and fish populations are showing declines due to a variety of factors including habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, invasive species, and the spread of infectious diseases (Ouellet et al., 2005; Blaustein et al., 2005). Contagious diseases have caused ...
Training Manual - The Darwin Initiative
... Rainforests are forests that grow in areas of high rainfall. Tropical rainforests are found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. There are other, temperate rainforests in areas such as the northwest Pacific coast of America. These are much cooler, but experience very high rainfa ...
... Rainforests are forests that grow in areas of high rainfall. Tropical rainforests are found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. There are other, temperate rainforests in areas such as the northwest Pacific coast of America. These are much cooler, but experience very high rainfa ...
press perturbations and the predictability of ecological interactions
... anticipate solely on the basis of intuition. This is because the effects of a perturbation may pass through a complex network of direct and indirect pathways in a food web, and the outcome may be highly sensitive to the strength of interactions among species. One solution to understanding outcomes o ...
... anticipate solely on the basis of intuition. This is because the effects of a perturbation may pass through a complex network of direct and indirect pathways in a food web, and the outcome may be highly sensitive to the strength of interactions among species. One solution to understanding outcomes o ...
Lichens - Corridor appalachien
... Lichens and Conservation Lichens are an integral part of the ecosystem, making nutrients available to other biota, fixing nitrogen, and providing food and shelter for vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Their diversity can be conserved by protecting their habitats. Lichens can also be excellent ind ...
... Lichens and Conservation Lichens are an integral part of the ecosystem, making nutrients available to other biota, fixing nitrogen, and providing food and shelter for vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Their diversity can be conserved by protecting their habitats. Lichens can also be excellent ind ...
Lecture: Concepts of Regeneration
... Afforestation: introduction of trees to sites that did not support forests or had no forest cover for a long period of ...
... Afforestation: introduction of trees to sites that did not support forests or had no forest cover for a long period of ...
A case for microbial endemism - The International Biogeography
... sider case studies from biogeographically intrigu‐ ing groups, such as thermophilic bacteria (Chapter 4), lichen fungi (Chapter 10), and microscopic ani‐ mals (Chapters 13 and 14). I envision returning often to these sections in the future for vivid ex‐ amples in writing or te ...
... sider case studies from biogeographically intrigu‐ ing groups, such as thermophilic bacteria (Chapter 4), lichen fungi (Chapter 10), and microscopic ani‐ mals (Chapters 13 and 14). I envision returning often to these sections in the future for vivid ex‐ amples in writing or te ...
BIOL 1107 - Chapter 20
... Genetic Variation and Evolution • Darwin: Evolution is descent with modification • Evolution: changes through time 1. Species accumulate difference 2. Descendants differ from their ancestors 3. New species arise from existing ones ...
... Genetic Variation and Evolution • Darwin: Evolution is descent with modification • Evolution: changes through time 1. Species accumulate difference 2. Descendants differ from their ancestors 3. New species arise from existing ones ...
Diet choice in an omnivorous salt-marsh crab: different food types
... Studies of consumer diet choice have often focused on organisms whose diet is more or less limited to a single broad category of food. Thus, we have studies of diet choice among predators (Elner and Hughes, 1978; Osenberg and Mittelbach, 1989), herbivores (Milton, 1979; Dearing and Schall, 1992; Pen ...
... Studies of consumer diet choice have often focused on organisms whose diet is more or less limited to a single broad category of food. Thus, we have studies of diet choice among predators (Elner and Hughes, 1978; Osenberg and Mittelbach, 1989), herbivores (Milton, 1979; Dearing and Schall, 1992; Pen ...
Foraging Habits of the Dytiscid Beetle
... breeding than hunting. We placed a male and a female Dytiscid in Tank 5 to see how it would affect their foraging strategy. Consequently, the 3 tadpoles in the tank were not all consumed within a day like the other two tanks with small tadpoles, but instead only 2 of the tadpoles were eaten over 3 d ...
... breeding than hunting. We placed a male and a female Dytiscid in Tank 5 to see how it would affect their foraging strategy. Consequently, the 3 tadpoles in the tank were not all consumed within a day like the other two tanks with small tadpoles, but instead only 2 of the tadpoles were eaten over 3 d ...
Body size distributions in North American freshwater fish: smallscale
... In line with previous studies, body sizes were log10transformed, for practical and theoretical reasons (Griffiths 2012). The shapes of body size distributions are described by their moments [mean, variance (SD2), skewness (g1) and kurtosis (g2)]: for practical reasons, I used the standard deviation ( ...
... In line with previous studies, body sizes were log10transformed, for practical and theoretical reasons (Griffiths 2012). The shapes of body size distributions are described by their moments [mean, variance (SD2), skewness (g1) and kurtosis (g2)]: for practical reasons, I used the standard deviation ( ...
Predator control of ecosystem nutrient dynamics
... sources. Here, we included only those studies that were not included in the synthesis by Vanni (2002). Furthermore, we did not include studies that model effects, but instead only present evidence from studies that empirically demonstrated a link between predators and the fate of nutrients. Our sear ...
... sources. Here, we included only those studies that were not included in the synthesis by Vanni (2002). Furthermore, we did not include studies that model effects, but instead only present evidence from studies that empirically demonstrated a link between predators and the fate of nutrients. Our sear ...
Heterospecific courtship, minority effects and niche separation
... right hind wing, and stored in a cold room maintaining 10 °C until transported to the experimental site in field coolers. They were unmated at the start of a trial. Each trial occupied 1 day and started at 10.00 in the morning with the release of butterflies into each of the four compartments. We de ...
... right hind wing, and stored in a cold room maintaining 10 °C until transported to the experimental site in field coolers. They were unmated at the start of a trial. Each trial occupied 1 day and started at 10.00 in the morning with the release of butterflies into each of the four compartments. We de ...
Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem
... Ecosystems occur on all spatial scales from the whole Earth to particular habitats, and the differences among these scales are fundamental to any effective management. On the largest spatial scale, scientists know that each of the oceans basins is ecologically distinctive. The Pacific is strewn with ...
... Ecosystems occur on all spatial scales from the whole Earth to particular habitats, and the differences among these scales are fundamental to any effective management. On the largest spatial scale, scientists know that each of the oceans basins is ecologically distinctive. The Pacific is strewn with ...
delibes et al 2011_mammalian biology
... also usually begin to eat their prey by the head, except if they are unable to break the braincase bones (Leyhausen, 1979). The close proximity of the predator’s resting place to its partially eaten prey could be interpreted as some kind of prey guarding. We left the place after several minutes. Nin ...
... also usually begin to eat their prey by the head, except if they are unable to break the braincase bones (Leyhausen, 1979). The close proximity of the predator’s resting place to its partially eaten prey could be interpreted as some kind of prey guarding. We left the place after several minutes. Nin ...
Grasshopper Outbreaks
... microhabitat has debilitating effects on pathogens, resulting in lower mortality rates, which increases the number of nymphs reaching adult stage, and increases the longevity of adults that promotes greater egg production. ...
... microhabitat has debilitating effects on pathogens, resulting in lower mortality rates, which increases the number of nymphs reaching adult stage, and increases the longevity of adults that promotes greater egg production. ...
On the Links Between Managerial Actions, Keystone Species
... manager of our ecological-economic system. The reader will note that the possible numerical values of x are 0, 1, and 2, and similarly, the possible numerical values of y are 0 and 1. Given this information, let us represent the state of our ecological-economic system by the pair (x,y). Then, we hav ...
... manager of our ecological-economic system. The reader will note that the possible numerical values of x are 0, 1, and 2, and similarly, the possible numerical values of y are 0 and 1. Given this information, let us represent the state of our ecological-economic system by the pair (x,y). Then, we hav ...
CBD
... e.g. caused by human activities, affect the biological diversity at different organismal levels (gene, species and community). Our vision is to identify general principles and patterns which can be used to explain variation in biological diversity based on some basic properties of the systems. We wi ...
... e.g. caused by human activities, affect the biological diversity at different organismal levels (gene, species and community). Our vision is to identify general principles and patterns which can be used to explain variation in biological diversity based on some basic properties of the systems. We wi ...
Q. 1. Give two examples to biomes. Ans. (1) Desert (2) Rain forest Q
... Ans. The major biomes are formed due to annual variation in the precipitation in a region. Q. 3. How are varieties of habitats formed in a biome? Ans. The variations at regional and local levels within a biome leads to the formation of habitats. Q. 4. How does the temperature affect the organisms? A ...
... Ans. The major biomes are formed due to annual variation in the precipitation in a region. Q. 3. How are varieties of habitats formed in a biome? Ans. The variations at regional and local levels within a biome leads to the formation of habitats. Q. 4. How does the temperature affect the organisms? A ...
Chapter 18 Notes
... A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring. a group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics (like body shape and behavior) that distinguishes them from other organisms. If they reproduce, individuals within ...
... A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring. a group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics (like body shape and behavior) that distinguishes them from other organisms. If they reproduce, individuals within ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.