Simple, Complex, Super-complex Systems
... Let us state also that the internal and external aspects can also be taken as features describing the difference between the world of ‘inanimate’ things or machines and the very different world of organisms, which runs against the old Cartesian ideas about the world of living animals without necessa ...
... Let us state also that the internal and external aspects can also be taken as features describing the difference between the world of ‘inanimate’ things or machines and the very different world of organisms, which runs against the old Cartesian ideas about the world of living animals without necessa ...
Instructor: Dr. Rudy Boonstra Office:
... Marking Scheme: Exams: Midterm - 25%; Final - 30%; Essay - 10% & Essay Seminar - 5%; Laboratory Assignments - 25%; Participation- 5% Course Text: C.J. Krebs 2009 Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Benjamin Cummings; Chapters 1-17: Parts 1 to 3 Course Homepage: Availabl ...
... Marking Scheme: Exams: Midterm - 25%; Final - 30%; Essay - 10% & Essay Seminar - 5%; Laboratory Assignments - 25%; Participation- 5% Course Text: C.J. Krebs 2009 Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Benjamin Cummings; Chapters 1-17: Parts 1 to 3 Course Homepage: Availabl ...
Empirical perspectives on species borders: from traditional
... perennials, but not within other plant groups (e.g. trees or shrubs; Rickleffs and Latham 1992). Until more empirical work is available, it is unclear which systems are likely to conserve their ecological niche through time, and which are more labile evolutionarily. How sensitive are the model resul ...
... perennials, but not within other plant groups (e.g. trees or shrubs; Rickleffs and Latham 1992). Until more empirical work is available, it is unclear which systems are likely to conserve their ecological niche through time, and which are more labile evolutionarily. How sensitive are the model resul ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Bellbrook
... salmon need other members of their species to reproduce. Salmon also depend on other organisms for food and, in turn, are a food source for other organisms. Abiotic factors The nonliving factors in an organism’s environment are called abiotic (ay bi AH tihk) factors. The abiotic factors for differen ...
... salmon need other members of their species to reproduce. Salmon also depend on other organisms for food and, in turn, are a food source for other organisms. Abiotic factors The nonliving factors in an organism’s environment are called abiotic (ay bi AH tihk) factors. The abiotic factors for differen ...
Notes3 - McMaster Department of Biology
... look at how surrounding (containing) systems affect the processes of system birth and growth and how the view of these processes changes when we shift our window of observation to larger scales. To examine the process of formation of the new ecological system, it is convenient to start with an empt ...
... look at how surrounding (containing) systems affect the processes of system birth and growth and how the view of these processes changes when we shift our window of observation to larger scales. To examine the process of formation of the new ecological system, it is convenient to start with an empt ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Seymour Community School District
... salmon need other members of their species to reproduce. Salmon also depend on other organisms for food and, in turn, are a food source for other organisms. Abiotic factors The nonliving factors in an organism’s environment are called abiotic (ay bi AH tihk) factors. The abiotic factors for differen ...
... salmon need other members of their species to reproduce. Salmon also depend on other organisms for food and, in turn, are a food source for other organisms. Abiotic factors The nonliving factors in an organism’s environment are called abiotic (ay bi AH tihk) factors. The abiotic factors for differen ...
Scarus guacamaia (Rainbow Parrotfish)
... intact. It was found that in areas that were protected, the populations of these fish were significantly higher than in those that had minimal safeguard against overfishing. An estimate of this decline may be seen when comparing the rainbow parrotfish populations in Bonaire which has protective meas ...
... intact. It was found that in areas that were protected, the populations of these fish were significantly higher than in those that had minimal safeguard against overfishing. An estimate of this decline may be seen when comparing the rainbow parrotfish populations in Bonaire which has protective meas ...
Darwinian Selection
... v absolute fitness (survival probability) versus relative fitness (in comparison to reference genotype) v outcome of selection depends on relative fitness v survival probabilities likely to change with population size and environmental conditions, but it may be reasonable to assume that relative ...
... v absolute fitness (survival probability) versus relative fitness (in comparison to reference genotype) v outcome of selection depends on relative fitness v survival probabilities likely to change with population size and environmental conditions, but it may be reasonable to assume that relative ...
Ecologically Appropriate Plant Materials for
... for greater genetic variation in restoration plant materials, because environments are labile and are likely to continue to change (Rice and Emery 2003). Therefore, evolutionary bio logists have encouraged plant material developers to augment genetic variation in their plant materials by incorporat ...
... for greater genetic variation in restoration plant materials, because environments are labile and are likely to continue to change (Rice and Emery 2003). Therefore, evolutionary bio logists have encouraged plant material developers to augment genetic variation in their plant materials by incorporat ...
Journal of Animal Ecology 82(6) - Seagrass Ecosystems Research
... cascades (BMTC)] have been carried out in large-scale ecosystems with intact populations of predators and herbivores. One notable exception is Yellowstone National Park, where the restoration of wolf (Canis lupus) populations apparently triggered behavioural changes in elk (Cervus elaphus) that led ...
... cascades (BMTC)] have been carried out in large-scale ecosystems with intact populations of predators and herbivores. One notable exception is Yellowstone National Park, where the restoration of wolf (Canis lupus) populations apparently triggered behavioural changes in elk (Cervus elaphus) that led ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... Past restoration techniques on Round Island have failed to address the cause of decline of the grassland community and were limited in scale. A landscape-based restoration program appears necessary to preserve and restore Round Island’s biota. The use of tortoises as ecological proxies is essentiall ...
... Past restoration techniques on Round Island have failed to address the cause of decline of the grassland community and were limited in scale. A landscape-based restoration program appears necessary to preserve and restore Round Island’s biota. The use of tortoises as ecological proxies is essentiall ...
Ecological Impacts of Alien Species
... Genetic composition of congeneric native species in the recipient community ...
... Genetic composition of congeneric native species in the recipient community ...
chapter 52 population ecology
... species, there are trade-offs between survival and traits such as frequency of reproduction, investment in parental care, and the number of offspring produced (seed crops for seed plants and litter size or clutch size for animals). The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and su ...
... species, there are trade-offs between survival and traits such as frequency of reproduction, investment in parental care, and the number of offspring produced (seed crops for seed plants and litter size or clutch size for animals). The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and su ...
evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for
... be of importance for mimetic evolution, was often poorly sampled in the studies. They also noted that Laplacian fits typically predicted somewhat taller generalization curves than observed, whereas Gaussian fits on average predicted the observed height, and they interpreted this as supporting the Ga ...
... be of importance for mimetic evolution, was often poorly sampled in the studies. They also noted that Laplacian fits typically predicted somewhat taller generalization curves than observed, whereas Gaussian fits on average predicted the observed height, and they interpreted this as supporting the Ga ...
Terrestrial predators and abiotic conditions affect hatching survival
... inputs due to predator and abiotic factors would have a positive effect on primary productivity (Fig. 6a). However, at these low densities, zooplankton density decreases which will have a negative effect on primary productivity. Theory predicts that our patterns could result from either population l ...
... inputs due to predator and abiotic factors would have a positive effect on primary productivity (Fig. 6a). However, at these low densities, zooplankton density decreases which will have a negative effect on primary productivity. Theory predicts that our patterns could result from either population l ...
Lecture: Concepts of Regeneration
... 60 percent in managed stands • Tree heights vary with tree diameter, with short ones having small diameters and tall trees having larger diameters ...
... 60 percent in managed stands • Tree heights vary with tree diameter, with short ones having small diameters and tall trees having larger diameters ...
Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Streams Affected By
... least N addition. Therefore the Nitrogen in the control system has undergone many more trophic transfers than in either of the agricultural systems. I expect that if every organism in each system were used for the stable isotope analysis, as opposed to just the ones selected, the mean trophic level ...
... least N addition. Therefore the Nitrogen in the control system has undergone many more trophic transfers than in either of the agricultural systems. I expect that if every organism in each system were used for the stable isotope analysis, as opposed to just the ones selected, the mean trophic level ...
The Gutzwiller Density Functional Theory - cond
... correlation parameters still no satisfactory explanation for the magnetic order observed in LaFeAsO ...
... correlation parameters still no satisfactory explanation for the magnetic order observed in LaFeAsO ...
Marczak, L. B, C. - University of Houston
... Abstract. The shrub Iva frutescens, which occupies the terrestrial border of U.S. Atlantic Coast salt marshes, supports a food web that varies strongly across latitude. We tested whether latitudinal variation in plant quality (higher at high latitudes), consumption by omnivores (a crab, present only ...
... Abstract. The shrub Iva frutescens, which occupies the terrestrial border of U.S. Atlantic Coast salt marshes, supports a food web that varies strongly across latitude. We tested whether latitudinal variation in plant quality (higher at high latitudes), consumption by omnivores (a crab, present only ...
Ch14Pres
... • Goal is to adhere to the maximum sustainable yield of the fish stock; that is, limits are set on fish catches so that stocks are maintained at a level that will ensure the long-term viability of the target species • A fishery is sustainable if it can be fished indefinitely at reasonable levels whi ...
... • Goal is to adhere to the maximum sustainable yield of the fish stock; that is, limits are set on fish catches so that stocks are maintained at a level that will ensure the long-term viability of the target species • A fishery is sustainable if it can be fished indefinitely at reasonable levels whi ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.