Final Report DEB97-07551, DEB97-07664
... forests of the North Carolina Piedmont have long been viewed as a model system for the study of secondary succession, in part because of the availability of long-term records of forest development. Among the key issues that remain to be resolved are the processes that influence community reorganiza ...
... forests of the North Carolina Piedmont have long been viewed as a model system for the study of secondary succession, in part because of the availability of long-term records of forest development. Among the key issues that remain to be resolved are the processes that influence community reorganiza ...
A simple predator–prey model of exploited
... many organisms is less than ô (Steele, 1985). Steele and Henderson (1984) showed that a commonly used singlespecies model can ‘‘flip’’ between multiple stable equilibria when forced with red noise. Similarly, a two-species, predator–prey model forced with red noise was used to describe the dynamics ...
... many organisms is less than ô (Steele, 1985). Steele and Henderson (1984) showed that a commonly used singlespecies model can ‘‘flip’’ between multiple stable equilibria when forced with red noise. Similarly, a two-species, predator–prey model forced with red noise was used to describe the dynamics ...
Convergence in Morphological Patterns and Community
... the rules that govern them, in fact, to determine whether such rules exist at all (cf. Lawton 1999), and, if they do, to assess their generality. The occurrence of convergent community structure would strongly indicate general governing rules. If similar selection regimes produce similarly structure ...
... the rules that govern them, in fact, to determine whether such rules exist at all (cf. Lawton 1999), and, if they do, to assess their generality. The occurrence of convergent community structure would strongly indicate general governing rules. If similar selection regimes produce similarly structure ...
Tilburg University A paleoeconomic theory of co
... context, the commonly-held co-evolution hypothesis is that prey species were ‘experienced’ (not naïve) in Europe because they had co-evolved with humans and earlier hominids such as Neanderthals, starting at a time when hominids’ hunting skills were relatively undeveloped (Diamond 1997; Leaky and Le ...
... context, the commonly-held co-evolution hypothesis is that prey species were ‘experienced’ (not naïve) in Europe because they had co-evolved with humans and earlier hominids such as Neanderthals, starting at a time when hominids’ hunting skills were relatively undeveloped (Diamond 1997; Leaky and Le ...
Game: Marine Food Web - Tasmania Parks and Wildlife
... A food chain shows how each living thing gets energy through its food. Plants get energy from the sun. Some animals eat plants (herbivores), some eat both plants and animals (omnivores) and some animals eat other animals (carnivores). In a food chain, each link in the chain (or food source) becomes ...
... A food chain shows how each living thing gets energy through its food. Plants get energy from the sun. Some animals eat plants (herbivores), some eat both plants and animals (omnivores) and some animals eat other animals (carnivores). In a food chain, each link in the chain (or food source) becomes ...
Food webs and trophic levels in a grassland ecosystem
... Students will further develop their understanding of these concepts by undertaking the following group exercise on food chains and food webs. You will need the 16 organism cards and a ball of string. The idea of this exercise is for students to visualise who eats who in the grassland and to understa ...
... Students will further develop their understanding of these concepts by undertaking the following group exercise on food chains and food webs. You will need the 16 organism cards and a ball of string. The idea of this exercise is for students to visualise who eats who in the grassland and to understa ...
Predator effects on faunal community composition in
... Received 6 March 2012 Received in revised form 31 May 2013 Accepted 3 June 2013 Available online 26 June 2013 Keywords: Exclusion experiment Food web Interaction strength Predator–prey interaction Top-down effect Trophic cascade ...
... Received 6 March 2012 Received in revised form 31 May 2013 Accepted 3 June 2013 Available online 26 June 2013 Keywords: Exclusion experiment Food web Interaction strength Predator–prey interaction Top-down effect Trophic cascade ...
Interspecific Competition and Relative Distribution of the Co
... it account for differences in distribution? In order to test the hypothesis that Paratrechina longicornis and Solenopsis geminata, two cooccurring invasive ants on Mo’orea, French Polynesia, compete for habitat and food resources, and that this competition affects the relative distribution of these ...
... it account for differences in distribution? In order to test the hypothesis that Paratrechina longicornis and Solenopsis geminata, two cooccurring invasive ants on Mo’orea, French Polynesia, compete for habitat and food resources, and that this competition affects the relative distribution of these ...
Patch Size and Population Density: The Effect of Immigration
... songbirds along forest edges (see the review by Hartley and Hunter 1998). Any relationship between emigration rate and patch size is likely to be negative. Mobile organisms that are likely to colonize and leave several patches in a lifetime may emigrate more readily from smaller patches if emigratio ...
... songbirds along forest edges (see the review by Hartley and Hunter 1998). Any relationship between emigration rate and patch size is likely to be negative. Mobile organisms that are likely to colonize and leave several patches in a lifetime may emigrate more readily from smaller patches if emigratio ...
Invertebrate fauna and their ecological context on Whangaokena
... 15 years ago and the biggest are now about 5 m high. These are mostly located in the old winching trench which was used to get loads (including the former lighthouse) up and down from the crest plateau. However, one large pohutukawa specimen is situated in the lower reaches of the western valley th ...
... 15 years ago and the biggest are now about 5 m high. These are mostly located in the old winching trench which was used to get loads (including the former lighthouse) up and down from the crest plateau. However, one large pohutukawa specimen is situated in the lower reaches of the western valley th ...
Random Time Evolution of Infinite Particle Systems Frank Spitzer
... state (IGS) and of a Markov random field (MRF), and showed that a MRF is a natural generalization of a stationary Markov process. Somewhat later [(1], [23], [22], [6]), it was realized that every MRF is an IGS with nearest neighbor potential, and vice versa. 2. In 1969, Lanford and Ruelle [15] indep ...
... state (IGS) and of a Markov random field (MRF), and showed that a MRF is a natural generalization of a stationary Markov process. Somewhat later [(1], [23], [22], [6]), it was realized that every MRF is an IGS with nearest neighbor potential, and vice versa. 2. In 1969, Lanford and Ruelle [15] indep ...
Grade 7 Scavenger Hunt
... Using plants and animals from the Coastal Plain, create a food chain for this habitat. Does the amount of energy increase or decrease as it gets passed along the food chain? How are the nutrients that have been passed through this food chain recycled back into the environment? • S7CS5. Students will ...
... Using plants and animals from the Coastal Plain, create a food chain for this habitat. Does the amount of energy increase or decrease as it gets passed along the food chain? How are the nutrients that have been passed through this food chain recycled back into the environment? • S7CS5. Students will ...
The iconic keystone predator has a pathogen
... whether Pisaster can recover. Some areas of the northeast Pacific are already seeing the recruitment of young Pisaster, suggesting that successful spawning must have occurred even as the pathogen moved through the population. At Tatoosh Island, some adults remain. However, three factors – the separa ...
... whether Pisaster can recover. Some areas of the northeast Pacific are already seeing the recruitment of young Pisaster, suggesting that successful spawning must have occurred even as the pathogen moved through the population. At Tatoosh Island, some adults remain. However, three factors – the separa ...
Lourenco_with_editor_changes - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio
... variation in their context and how terms have been applied, but also to the introduction of additional ...
... variation in their context and how terms have been applied, but also to the introduction of additional ...
Habitat Conservation Planning for the Threatened
... • Avian predators/competitors • Changes in sympatry • Changes in habitat structure and composition may alter niche overlap thereby increasing competition ...
... • Avian predators/competitors • Changes in sympatry • Changes in habitat structure and composition may alter niche overlap thereby increasing competition ...
Science Grade 6 – Grade Level Expectations
... Describe the interactions among the parts of the Earth's systems (hydrosphere, lithosphere). CHANGES Processes and Interactions in the Earth System Differentiate between changes that happened quickly and those that have occurred over a long period of time. Identify and describe how rocks chang ...
... Describe the interactions among the parts of the Earth's systems (hydrosphere, lithosphere). CHANGES Processes and Interactions in the Earth System Differentiate between changes that happened quickly and those that have occurred over a long period of time. Identify and describe how rocks chang ...
FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS
... The Big Idea: Every living thing is part of a food chain as well as a more complex food web. There are various ways to categorize organisms within an ecosystem, including producers, consumers, and decomposers; predators and prey; and herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Whatever happens to one spe ...
... The Big Idea: Every living thing is part of a food chain as well as a more complex food web. There are various ways to categorize organisms within an ecosystem, including producers, consumers, and decomposers; predators and prey; and herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Whatever happens to one spe ...
Predation within meiofaunal communities: description and results of
... During this study, it was not possible to evaluate how efficiently the freezing process performed; it is not known how many predation incidents were ongoing at the time of sampling. As such, liquid nitrogen provides only qualitative, not quantitative, information on meiofauna1 feeding habits. Howeve ...
... During this study, it was not possible to evaluate how efficiently the freezing process performed; it is not known how many predation incidents were ongoing at the time of sampling. As such, liquid nitrogen provides only qualitative, not quantitative, information on meiofauna1 feeding habits. Howeve ...
TPO-30
... Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may n ...
... Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may n ...
Evolution
... 1) Failure of appropriate mutations to occur. Evolutionary constraints on adaptive perfection can arise from failure of appropriate mutations to occur, which will prevent selection from keeping up with environmental change. Thus, maladaptive or nonadaptive traits may persist. (e.g. ground squirrels ...
... 1) Failure of appropriate mutations to occur. Evolutionary constraints on adaptive perfection can arise from failure of appropriate mutations to occur, which will prevent selection from keeping up with environmental change. Thus, maladaptive or nonadaptive traits may persist. (e.g. ground squirrels ...
Habitat and Niche
... can then become a serious pest. For example, kudzu, a Japanese vine, was planted in the southeastern United States in the 1870s to help control soil loss. Kudzu had no natural predators, so it was able to out-compete native species of vine and take over their niches (Figure 1.2). Habitat ...
... can then become a serious pest. For example, kudzu, a Japanese vine, was planted in the southeastern United States in the 1870s to help control soil loss. Kudzu had no natural predators, so it was able to out-compete native species of vine and take over their niches (Figure 1.2). Habitat ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.