Research_publications_files/Silvertown et al. 2006
... 1 The Park Grass Experiment, begun in 1856, is the oldest ecological experiment in existence. Its value to science has changed and grown since it was founded to answer agricultural questions. In recent times the experiment has shown inter alia how: plant species richness, biomass and pH are related; ...
... 1 The Park Grass Experiment, begun in 1856, is the oldest ecological experiment in existence. Its value to science has changed and grown since it was founded to answer agricultural questions. In recent times the experiment has shown inter alia how: plant species richness, biomass and pH are related; ...
Instructor: Dr. Rudy Boonstra Office:
... Abundance. Benjamin Cummings; Chapters 1-17: Parts 1 to 3 Course Homepage: Available through UTSC homepage, upper right: Blackboard Portal. All communication will be done via this mechanism. Check it weekly and more often near assignments. Lecture slides, data files, essay writing tools, news items, ...
... Abundance. Benjamin Cummings; Chapters 1-17: Parts 1 to 3 Course Homepage: Available through UTSC homepage, upper right: Blackboard Portal. All communication will be done via this mechanism. Check it weekly and more often near assignments. Lecture slides, data files, essay writing tools, news items, ...
Mutualism Change to structure of Exam 3
... for 22 individual plants visited by the butterfly vs. 22 individual plants that were not. In addition, you measured the fitness (# of surviving offspring) of 48 butterfly individuals that visited the plant vs. 48 butterfly individuals that did not. Your data are shown below ...
... for 22 individual plants visited by the butterfly vs. 22 individual plants that were not. In addition, you measured the fitness (# of surviving offspring) of 48 butterfly individuals that visited the plant vs. 48 butterfly individuals that did not. Your data are shown below ...
Endangered Species
... Biodiversity is affected by human activity. The consequences of rapid and tremendous industrialization has manifest as pollution. A polluted environment (or even a changed environment) threatens the survival of any species that cannot adapt to it. Already many species have vanished forever. Many ot ...
... Biodiversity is affected by human activity. The consequences of rapid and tremendous industrialization has manifest as pollution. A polluted environment (or even a changed environment) threatens the survival of any species that cannot adapt to it. Already many species have vanished forever. Many ot ...
Ecological Applications at the Level of Organisms and Single
... appropriate for them. However, management strategies often rely on an ability to predict where species might do well, whether we wish to restore degraded habitats, predict the future distribution of invasive species (and through biosecurity measures prevent their arrival), or conserve endangered spe ...
... appropriate for them. However, management strategies often rely on an ability to predict where species might do well, whether we wish to restore degraded habitats, predict the future distribution of invasive species (and through biosecurity measures prevent their arrival), or conserve endangered spe ...
Benthic use of phytoplankton blooms: Agnes M. L. Karlson
... between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (e.g. Loreau et al. 2001; Hooper et al. 2005; Cardinale et al. 2006). However, understanding the mechanisms that underpin this presumed causal relationship remain an important challenge when trying to predict the environmental consequences of species lo ...
... between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (e.g. Loreau et al. 2001; Hooper et al. 2005; Cardinale et al. 2006). However, understanding the mechanisms that underpin this presumed causal relationship remain an important challenge when trying to predict the environmental consequences of species lo ...
Cladistics, Bruchids and Host Plants: Evolutionary Interactions in
... to the Fabaceae are unknown. Because of the close relationship between bruchids and their hosts, evolution may be occurring between them. Authors have suggested that coevolution (Janzen 1969, Center & Johnson, 1974) has been taken place between bruchids and their hosts. The term coevolution is confu ...
... to the Fabaceae are unknown. Because of the close relationship between bruchids and their hosts, evolution may be occurring between them. Authors have suggested that coevolution (Janzen 1969, Center & Johnson, 1974) has been taken place between bruchids and their hosts. The term coevolution is confu ...
ymbiosis Notes
... Another example is algae and coral: Algae _______________________ and _____________________________________ Algae receives ________________from the respiration of coral. Parasitism The parasite-host relationship = ________________________________________________________ ...
... Another example is algae and coral: Algae _______________________ and _____________________________________ Algae receives ________________from the respiration of coral. Parasitism The parasite-host relationship = ________________________________________________________ ...
Week 8
... A tool for visual communication Some influence diagram packages create and solve the mathematical model Framework for expressing DSS model relationships Rectangle = a decision variable Circle = uncontrollable or intermediate variable Oval = result (outcome) variable: intermediate or final Variables ...
... A tool for visual communication Some influence diagram packages create and solve the mathematical model Framework for expressing DSS model relationships Rectangle = a decision variable Circle = uncontrollable or intermediate variable Oval = result (outcome) variable: intermediate or final Variables ...
Understanding food‐web persistence from local to global scales
... Understanding food-web persistence is an important long-term objective of ecology because of its relevance in maintaining biodiversity. To date, many dynamic studies of food-web behaviour—both empirical and theoretical—have focused on smaller subwebs, called trophic modules, because these modules ar ...
... Understanding food-web persistence is an important long-term objective of ecology because of its relevance in maintaining biodiversity. To date, many dynamic studies of food-web behaviour—both empirical and theoretical—have focused on smaller subwebs, called trophic modules, because these modules ar ...
Dietary overlap among native and non
... macraei (17). The analysis of 336 stomach contents indicated that at the individual level, the three species had a generalized feeding strategy based on benthic invertebrates (Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera). In the three streams, the widest population niches were observed in winter ...
... macraei (17). The analysis of 336 stomach contents indicated that at the individual level, the three species had a generalized feeding strategy based on benthic invertebrates (Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera). In the three streams, the widest population niches were observed in winter ...
arXiv:q-bio/0607016v1 [q
... nutrient). In our study region, among the chosen species Coscinodiscus sp is the most dominant in biomass throughout the sampling period (see Figure 1). Because the species have been identified in a common sampling and from a common field, it is reasonable to assume that the ecological and biologica ...
... nutrient). In our study region, among the chosen species Coscinodiscus sp is the most dominant in biomass throughout the sampling period (see Figure 1). Because the species have been identified in a common sampling and from a common field, it is reasonable to assume that the ecological and biologica ...
Population demographics and trade
... establishment (Sakai et al. 2001). Thus, densitydependent shifts in resource allocation between sexual reproduction and vegetative growth may be expected. However, relatively little is known about density effects on population growth rates of invasive plant species or how these effects compare with th ...
... establishment (Sakai et al. 2001). Thus, densitydependent shifts in resource allocation between sexual reproduction and vegetative growth may be expected. However, relatively little is known about density effects on population growth rates of invasive plant species or how these effects compare with th ...
Lecture 22. Succession Reconsidered
... -environment may also modify the successional pathway after a disturbance -Example: in Nova Scotia, spruce and grey birch colonize upland sites after fire or logging -wet sites come back in alder, red maple and larch after the same disturbance -these differences in initial colonizers then combine wi ...
... -environment may also modify the successional pathway after a disturbance -Example: in Nova Scotia, spruce and grey birch colonize upland sites after fire or logging -wet sites come back in alder, red maple and larch after the same disturbance -these differences in initial colonizers then combine wi ...
The ecological setting of North Sea fisheries
... tion of natural fish resources does rarely lead to their extinction. Yields taken by marine fisheries have proved to be sustainable for centuries and problems appear to have arisen only fairly recently, when man in his eternal greed applied ever more sophisticated and powerful methods to catch the l ...
... tion of natural fish resources does rarely lead to their extinction. Yields taken by marine fisheries have proved to be sustainable for centuries and problems appear to have arisen only fairly recently, when man in his eternal greed applied ever more sophisticated and powerful methods to catch the l ...
Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
Biotic and abiotic preferences of the cladoceran invader
... range in southeastern Norway. In this project, we wanted to study the types of lakes preferred by Limnosida. We also wanted to evaluate the potential competitive effects on other zooplankton species. In a survey of 65 Norwegian lakes, Limnosida showed preference for lakes of low Ca concentrations an ...
... range in southeastern Norway. In this project, we wanted to study the types of lakes preferred by Limnosida. We also wanted to evaluate the potential competitive effects on other zooplankton species. In a survey of 65 Norwegian lakes, Limnosida showed preference for lakes of low Ca concentrations an ...
PDF - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... collections. The keys provided by Waterhouse (1970) were employed for sorting the material into orders and families; nomenclature was followed accordingly, except for a few taxa where updating was necessary. Acari and Collembola (mostly Oribatei and Entomobryidae) were disregarded because the handli ...
... collections. The keys provided by Waterhouse (1970) were employed for sorting the material into orders and families; nomenclature was followed accordingly, except for a few taxa where updating was necessary. Acari and Collembola (mostly Oribatei and Entomobryidae) were disregarded because the handli ...
Brooks, W.R. (2012). Behavioral, physiological and
... Cleaning behaviors in lower mammals, such as rodents, have also been well documented – especially for the removal of fleas. For example, squirrels employ similar auto- and allogrooming techniques mentioned above for the larger mammals. Additionally, field studies have confirmed that parasite loads c ...
... Cleaning behaviors in lower mammals, such as rodents, have also been well documented – especially for the removal of fleas. For example, squirrels employ similar auto- and allogrooming techniques mentioned above for the larger mammals. Additionally, field studies have confirmed that parasite loads c ...
Prioritizing Ecosystems, Species, and Sites for Restoration
... Little work has been done to quantify the relative functional importance of particular ecosystem types within the broader mosaic of ecosystems that constitute the regional landscape. Using extent of decline in area or quality as a primary criterion for prioritizing ecosystems for restoration carries ...
... Little work has been done to quantify the relative functional importance of particular ecosystem types within the broader mosaic of ecosystems that constitute the regional landscape. Using extent of decline in area or quality as a primary criterion for prioritizing ecosystems for restoration carries ...
Behavior of Plankton and Patch Formation in Pelagic Ecosystems
... the pelagic realm of the open sea, by contrast, tiny, often extremely motile autotrophs do photosynthetic duty and they do it quickly and divide before they are eaten or adversely advected. They provide no spatial reference either for their consumers or for oceanographic observers, and at sea there ...
... the pelagic realm of the open sea, by contrast, tiny, often extremely motile autotrophs do photosynthetic duty and they do it quickly and divide before they are eaten or adversely advected. They provide no spatial reference either for their consumers or for oceanographic observers, and at sea there ...
effects of top predator species on direct
... and occupied different locations within the vegetation canopy. These differences resulted in different direct effects on grasshopper prey. Grasshoppers demonstrated significant behavioral (diet) shifts in the presence of sit-and-wait and sit-and-pursue species but not when faced with actively huntin ...
... and occupied different locations within the vegetation canopy. These differences resulted in different direct effects on grasshopper prey. Grasshoppers demonstrated significant behavioral (diet) shifts in the presence of sit-and-wait and sit-and-pursue species but not when faced with actively huntin ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.