Generalities in grazing and browsing ecology du Toit, Johan T
... the context of community ecology, a contingency is a constraint on a generality and is caused by the observed pattern or process being applicable only within a subset of potential conditions. Controlling such contingencies can require large-scale replication using global research networks to standar ...
... the context of community ecology, a contingency is a constraint on a generality and is caused by the observed pattern or process being applicable only within a subset of potential conditions. Controlling such contingencies can require large-scale replication using global research networks to standar ...
Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change during ...
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change during ...
Sicydium punctatum (Tri Tri)
... them as they grow. S. punctatum climb using substantial axial and combined locomotion of fins and body plane (Blob et al., 2012). Antipredator behaviour: S. punctatum are very small and hence are very cryptic in their behaviour; rarely leaving their burrows and are aposematic to avoid predation. Dis ...
... them as they grow. S. punctatum climb using substantial axial and combined locomotion of fins and body plane (Blob et al., 2012). Antipredator behaviour: S. punctatum are very small and hence are very cryptic in their behaviour; rarely leaving their burrows and are aposematic to avoid predation. Dis ...
Condition Monitoring
... landscape Representative local ecosystems of the major park ecosystem (forest stands, eelgrass beds, stream reaches, kelp beds, ...
... landscape Representative local ecosystems of the major park ecosystem (forest stands, eelgrass beds, stream reaches, kelp beds, ...
Stochasticity, predator-prey dynamics, and trigger - Sabo Lab
... models used to forecast population persistence; however, most population viability analyses ignore interactions with other species. By contrast, theory in community ecology draws from a tradition of determinism: focusing on the processes (competition, predation) that promote the coexistence of group ...
... models used to forecast population persistence; however, most population viability analyses ignore interactions with other species. By contrast, theory in community ecology draws from a tradition of determinism: focusing on the processes (competition, predation) that promote the coexistence of group ...
Biodiversity Conservation and Habitat Management: An
... much genetic information across clones. For these, a "species" represents simply a largely arbitrary level of taxonomic aggregation. Even for sexual organisms, for which the diploid species may be defined fairly unequivocally, it must be recognized that species differ substantially in terms of how m ...
... much genetic information across clones. For these, a "species" represents simply a largely arbitrary level of taxonomic aggregation. Even for sexual organisms, for which the diploid species may be defined fairly unequivocally, it must be recognized that species differ substantially in terms of how m ...
MS-SCI-ES-Unit 4 -- Chapter 10- Ecosystems
... Figure 4 shows the levels of organization in an ecosystem. The smallest level of organization is a single organism, which belongs to a population that includes other members of its species. The population belongs to a community of different species. The community and abiotic factors together form an ...
... Figure 4 shows the levels of organization in an ecosystem. The smallest level of organization is a single organism, which belongs to a population that includes other members of its species. The population belongs to a community of different species. The community and abiotic factors together form an ...
Energy density of freshwater Patagonian
... attempts have been made to estimate energy density of freshwater aquatic ecosystems organisms (only indirect measured by the proximal composition as described by Baez 1988 and Dorscht 1988), in spite of an increasing demand of information to feed models that explore different fisheries and conservat ...
... attempts have been made to estimate energy density of freshwater aquatic ecosystems organisms (only indirect measured by the proximal composition as described by Baez 1988 and Dorscht 1988), in spite of an increasing demand of information to feed models that explore different fisheries and conservat ...
Puget Sound History
... high salmon species richness & large runs sizes – Large estuary with unique assemblage of marine biota ...
... high salmon species richness & large runs sizes – Large estuary with unique assemblage of marine biota ...
Modelling coevolution in multispecies communities
... Our aim in this paper is to introduce a model for the evolution of many interacting species in an ecosystem. A great deal of information has been assembled on the properties of food webs for naturally occurring ecosystems (Cohen, 1989; Martinez, 1991; Polis, 1991; Hall & Raffaelli, 1991; Goldwasser ...
... Our aim in this paper is to introduce a model for the evolution of many interacting species in an ecosystem. A great deal of information has been assembled on the properties of food webs for naturally occurring ecosystems (Cohen, 1989; Martinez, 1991; Polis, 1991; Hall & Raffaelli, 1991; Goldwasser ...
Ecology and Control of Introduced Plants
... being pulled, sprayed, cursed and competed with, in the long run the weeds always seem to come back. Weeds are plants that can grow at high population densities and can have a negative impact on other plants valued by humans. Many of the most dominant weeds in the world are those that have been intr ...
... being pulled, sprayed, cursed and competed with, in the long run the weeds always seem to come back. Weeds are plants that can grow at high population densities and can have a negative impact on other plants valued by humans. Many of the most dominant weeds in the world are those that have been intr ...
INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
... disturbance-tolerant species and competitively dominant species coexist. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is one of several alternative models to explain patterns of species diversity in communities (Connell, 1978; Wilson, 1990). As noted by Juhász-Nagy (1993), this model is difficult to fals ...
... disturbance-tolerant species and competitively dominant species coexist. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is one of several alternative models to explain patterns of species diversity in communities (Connell, 1978; Wilson, 1990). As noted by Juhász-Nagy (1993), this model is difficult to fals ...
species interactions - University of Toronto Mississauga
... interaction is detrimental to one species but negligible to the other, an interaction called amensalism. Predation, herbivory, and parasitism all have a positive effect on one population and a negative effect on the other (/). However, while predators always kill their prey, the hosts of parasites ...
... interaction is detrimental to one species but negligible to the other, an interaction called amensalism. Predation, herbivory, and parasitism all have a positive effect on one population and a negative effect on the other (/). However, while predators always kill their prey, the hosts of parasites ...
arXiv:adap-org/9801003v1 16 Jan 1998
... Our aim in this paper is to introduce a model for the evolution of many interacting species in an ecosystem. A great deal of information has been assembled on the properties of food webs for naturally occurring ecosystems (Cohen, 1989; Martinez, 1991; Polis, 1991; Hall & Raffaelli, 1991; Goldwasser ...
... Our aim in this paper is to introduce a model for the evolution of many interacting species in an ecosystem. A great deal of information has been assembled on the properties of food webs for naturally occurring ecosystems (Cohen, 1989; Martinez, 1991; Polis, 1991; Hall & Raffaelli, 1991; Goldwasser ...
Plant coexistence and the niche
... follows. Although the refinements of classical theory can be quite complex [28,32], a sufficient condition for stable coexistence to occur is that a species always increases once it has become rare [33]. This can occur by a variety of mechanisms, but, in classical competition theory, the condition f ...
... follows. Although the refinements of classical theory can be quite complex [28,32], a sufficient condition for stable coexistence to occur is that a species always increases once it has become rare [33]. This can occur by a variety of mechanisms, but, in classical competition theory, the condition f ...
The evolution of brain lateralization: a game theoretical
... This expression can be used in equation (1) as the benefit of group living to an individual prey, when a proportion x of prey is using its same strategy (since prey with the same strategy are assumed to be more likely to keep together). Other potential effects of group living such as the so-called “ ...
... This expression can be used in equation (1) as the benefit of group living to an individual prey, when a proportion x of prey is using its same strategy (since prey with the same strategy are assumed to be more likely to keep together). Other potential effects of group living such as the so-called “ ...
Ecology project Name Period ______ Instructions: Part 1: What is t
... Niche is the relational position of population in its ecosystem to each other. A niche describes how a population responds to different resources or competitors. For example, two groups of dolphins may be in two different niches depending on how the two niches compete for food and other needed resou ...
... Niche is the relational position of population in its ecosystem to each other. A niche describes how a population responds to different resources or competitors. For example, two groups of dolphins may be in two different niches depending on how the two niches compete for food and other needed resou ...
Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem?
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
assessment
... intensive logging on west Guadalcanal may have had a negative impact on the species's habitat as some of these operations occurred in hill forest habitats and have altered the hydrology of the area (C. Filardi in litt. 2012). In addition, mining and prospecting activity has intensified in recent few ...
... intensive logging on west Guadalcanal may have had a negative impact on the species's habitat as some of these operations occurred in hill forest habitats and have altered the hydrology of the area (C. Filardi in litt. 2012). In addition, mining and prospecting activity has intensified in recent few ...
Influences of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic
... most captures are of species that utilize the understorey while canopy foragers are captured in smaller numbers. Also, MAPS productivity indices are considered relative indices that may vary because of behavioural differences between adults and young. The temporal patterns of these indices, however, ...
... most captures are of species that utilize the understorey while canopy foragers are captured in smaller numbers. Also, MAPS productivity indices are considered relative indices that may vary because of behavioural differences between adults and young. The temporal patterns of these indices, however, ...
What Is an Ecosystem?
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
... • Biomes at high latitudes have cold temperatures. • Coniferous forests in cold, wet climates are called taiga. Winters are long and cold. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. • The tundra gets very little rain, so plants are short. Much of the water in the soil is not available because th ...
Environmental variability and population dynamics: do European
... prairies) and in stable (north European lakes) environments, to distinguish the relative contributions of environmental variability (measured as between-year fluctuations in wetland numbers) and intraspecific interactions (density dependence) in driving population dynamics. We tested whether popula ...
... prairies) and in stable (north European lakes) environments, to distinguish the relative contributions of environmental variability (measured as between-year fluctuations in wetland numbers) and intraspecific interactions (density dependence) in driving population dynamics. We tested whether popula ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.