Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact
... loss. The largest part of this loss occurs on islands, where indigenous species have often evolved in the absence of strong competition, herbivory, parasitism or predation. As a result, introduced species thrive in those optimal insular ecosystems affecting their plant food, competitors or animal pre ...
... loss. The largest part of this loss occurs on islands, where indigenous species have often evolved in the absence of strong competition, herbivory, parasitism or predation. As a result, introduced species thrive in those optimal insular ecosystems affecting their plant food, competitors or animal pre ...
Restoring native ecosystems in urban Auckland: urban soils
... vegetation and its associated native biodiversity in these landscapes is desirable for both cultural and ecological reasons. We report on the first four years of an ongoing vegetation restoration experiment in Waitakere City, Auckland, that addresses four challenges to urban restoration: weeds, Anth ...
... vegetation and its associated native biodiversity in these landscapes is desirable for both cultural and ecological reasons. We report on the first four years of an ongoing vegetation restoration experiment in Waitakere City, Auckland, that addresses four challenges to urban restoration: weeds, Anth ...
The Genotypic View of Social Interactions in Microbial Communities
... Here, we briefly review the foundational theory and definitions of sociobiology, which are covered extensively elsewhere (e.g., 27, 45, 96, 123, 156). Inclusive fitness theory focuses on a particular social phenotype—one that has fitness effects on others—and asks whether it is favored by natural select ...
... Here, we briefly review the foundational theory and definitions of sociobiology, which are covered extensively elsewhere (e.g., 27, 45, 96, 123, 156). Inclusive fitness theory focuses on a particular social phenotype—one that has fitness effects on others—and asks whether it is favored by natural select ...
Selective feeding by protozoa: model and
... restrict availability. On a behavioral level, ciliates and flagellates clearly have chemosensory abilities, and can locate and remain near preferred prey types (e.g. Levandowsky and Kaneta, 1987; Sibbald etai, 1987; Verity, 1991a). Furthermore, high-speed videos show that ciliates can actively rejec ...
... restrict availability. On a behavioral level, ciliates and flagellates clearly have chemosensory abilities, and can locate and remain near preferred prey types (e.g. Levandowsky and Kaneta, 1987; Sibbald etai, 1987; Verity, 1991a). Furthermore, high-speed videos show that ciliates can actively rejec ...
Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering
... persist. The concept of a pool of potential community members that cannot persist in a community is rarely considered explicitly in coexistence theory, which typically focuses on the dynamics of species that are able to tolerate the abiotic conditions within the community. Therefore, one could view ...
... persist. The concept of a pool of potential community members that cannot persist in a community is rarely considered explicitly in coexistence theory, which typically focuses on the dynamics of species that are able to tolerate the abiotic conditions within the community. Therefore, one could view ...
Plant fitness in a rapidly changing world
... ecosystems (Kulmatiski & Beard, 2013), and shrubs have encroached into alpine, tundra, grassland and savannah habitats (Eldridge et al., 2011; Formica et al., 2014). Climate change could induce temporal or spatial mismatches with pollinators or other mutualists (Gordo & Sanz, 2005), and increased pr ...
... ecosystems (Kulmatiski & Beard, 2013), and shrubs have encroached into alpine, tundra, grassland and savannah habitats (Eldridge et al., 2011; Formica et al., 2014). Climate change could induce temporal or spatial mismatches with pollinators or other mutualists (Gordo & Sanz, 2005), and increased pr ...
What does biodiversity actually do? A review for managers and
... are added to a community, the chance that species A will be included increases. Therefore it becomes impossible to differentiate the effects of increasing diversity from the increased probability of including species A. Disassembly approaches are difficult logistically because removing species from plan ...
... are added to a community, the chance that species A will be included increases. Therefore it becomes impossible to differentiate the effects of increasing diversity from the increased probability of including species A. Disassembly approaches are difficult logistically because removing species from plan ...
predation, habitat complexity, and variation in density
... 60, 70 prey/enclosure), and trials were repeated over time such that each combination of predator and prey density was replicated in two trials. Since both predator and prey species tend to be found in aggregations, the numbers used in this experiment were chosen based on group size rather than dens ...
... 60, 70 prey/enclosure), and trials were repeated over time such that each combination of predator and prey density was replicated in two trials. Since both predator and prey species tend to be found in aggregations, the numbers used in this experiment were chosen based on group size rather than dens ...
why squid, though not fish, may be better
... of a given population will differ in their maintenance requirements for O2 (even if they do not differ in their relative gill area), which leads to their having different growth curves (see Inserts a and c and Curves 1 and 2 in Fig. 4). This generates the observed variance in length about age in fis ...
... of a given population will differ in their maintenance requirements for O2 (even if they do not differ in their relative gill area), which leads to their having different growth curves (see Inserts a and c and Curves 1 and 2 in Fig. 4). This generates the observed variance in length about age in fis ...
Western Painted Turtle
... misidentified as Western Painted Turtle. Both have similar physiology, colouration, size and lifecycle habits. The red “ear” patch located just behind the eye, is absent on Western Painted Turtle. However this patch can fade on older Slider’s, making identification more difficult as they mature. Car ...
... misidentified as Western Painted Turtle. Both have similar physiology, colouration, size and lifecycle habits. The red “ear” patch located just behind the eye, is absent on Western Painted Turtle. However this patch can fade on older Slider’s, making identification more difficult as they mature. Car ...
The Population Biology of Invasive Species Ann K. Sakai
... establishment of a viable, self-sustaining, population. There may be little correlation between traits required for initial colonization and traits needed for establishment. Establishment in a natural community may require different traits than those required upon entering into a human-disturbed hab ...
... establishment of a viable, self-sustaining, population. There may be little correlation between traits required for initial colonization and traits needed for establishment. Establishment in a natural community may require different traits than those required upon entering into a human-disturbed hab ...
Spatial distribution patterns of the dominant canopy dipterocarp
... with habitat specialization, the extent to which density-dependence in¯uences community diversity patterns remains uncertain. For example, in an analysis of ...
... with habitat specialization, the extent to which density-dependence in¯uences community diversity patterns remains uncertain. For example, in an analysis of ...
NIH Public Access - iGRAD
... uses in physiological studies, gap-filling efforts and genome-scale synthetic biology3. By altering the bounds on certain reactions, growth on different media (Supplementary Example 1) or with multiple gene knockouts (Supplementary Example 6) can be simulated12. FBA can then be used to predict the y ...
... uses in physiological studies, gap-filling efforts and genome-scale synthetic biology3. By altering the bounds on certain reactions, growth on different media (Supplementary Example 1) or with multiple gene knockouts (Supplementary Example 6) can be simulated12. FBA can then be used to predict the y ...
Workshop minutes, Nov. 2010 - California Climate Commons
... BJ: This was a study funded by California Coastal Conservancy. SF Bay behaves like other places around the world. When have large tidal range, favors the concave down shape. When there’s larger wave energy, favors the concave down shape (indicating erosion). That type of analysis could be done with ...
... BJ: This was a study funded by California Coastal Conservancy. SF Bay behaves like other places around the world. When have large tidal range, favors the concave down shape. When there’s larger wave energy, favors the concave down shape (indicating erosion). That type of analysis could be done with ...
Bio-Protection & Ecology Division Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal
... such birds and lizards enjoy (Nash, 2004). Larger invertebrates such as weta are easier to ‘sell’ to public than smaller, lesser known species due to their iconic nature. However, restoring invertebrate communities is not just about looking after the large iconic ‘showy’ ...
... such birds and lizards enjoy (Nash, 2004). Larger invertebrates such as weta are easier to ‘sell’ to public than smaller, lesser known species due to their iconic nature. However, restoring invertebrate communities is not just about looking after the large iconic ‘showy’ ...
Read the Fite Declaration - Western Watersheds Project
... desert shrub is exceedingly difficult. The Monograph explains how lower elevation sagebrush communities have length recovery times—up to 100-200 years. In fact, if cheatgrass or other aggressive weeds invade, recovery of sagebrush may never be possible. Therefore, if the extensive planned roads are ...
... desert shrub is exceedingly difficult. The Monograph explains how lower elevation sagebrush communities have length recovery times—up to 100-200 years. In fact, if cheatgrass or other aggressive weeds invade, recovery of sagebrush may never be possible. Therefore, if the extensive planned roads are ...
only means for most plants to colonize new habitats or escape
... The consequences of plant – frugivore interactions have multiple evolutionary implications that we are just beginning to understand. Two sessions addressed these evolutionary implications, both from theoretical and empirical perspectives. These talks illustrated the value of combining modelling with ...
... The consequences of plant – frugivore interactions have multiple evolutionary implications that we are just beginning to understand. Two sessions addressed these evolutionary implications, both from theoretical and empirical perspectives. These talks illustrated the value of combining modelling with ...
Ecosystem engineers, functional domains and
... in a limited number of cases including those representing grassland, desert and arable land ecosystems. They are « organism-oriented » models (Paustian, 1994) that focus principally on the interactions amongmicrobes, microfauna and mesofauna. In most cases, organisms are grouped into broadly defined ...
... in a limited number of cases including those representing grassland, desert and arable land ecosystems. They are « organism-oriented » models (Paustian, 1994) that focus principally on the interactions amongmicrobes, microfauna and mesofauna. In most cases, organisms are grouped into broadly defined ...
biolcons_biodiv_loss - digital
... et al., 2008). This time frame can be measured in years or generations, but following Brooke et al. (2008) we used only year values. Criterion E establishes extinction probability thresholds to assign species to threat categories, which for CR species is a 50% probability of extinction in 10 years, ...
... et al., 2008). This time frame can be measured in years or generations, but following Brooke et al. (2008) we used only year values. Criterion E establishes extinction probability thresholds to assign species to threat categories, which for CR species is a 50% probability of extinction in 10 years, ...
BSU Chapter 14 Reading Guide Evolution
... Sparked by Malthus's ideas, Darwin saw that although every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than can survive, only a limited number actually do survive and produce further offspring. Sea turtles, for instance, will return to the beaches where they hatched to lay their eggs. Each ...
... Sparked by Malthus's ideas, Darwin saw that although every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than can survive, only a limited number actually do survive and produce further offspring. Sea turtles, for instance, will return to the beaches where they hatched to lay their eggs. Each ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.