RIVER CONSERVATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
... particular water bodies. However, the best predictors for invasions are usually simply those species that are of interest to humans, and either are readily available or occur nearby. For example, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been introduced to nearly 100 countries worldwide for angling a ...
... particular water bodies. However, the best predictors for invasions are usually simply those species that are of interest to humans, and either are readily available or occur nearby. For example, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been introduced to nearly 100 countries worldwide for angling a ...
Ecological effects of invasive alien insects
... and ecosystems indirectly, through cascading effects, or through various mechanisms, such as carrying diseases, competing for food or space or sharing natural enemies with native species (NRC 2002). Ecological impact by invasive species can occur at different levels of biological organisation: genet ...
... and ecosystems indirectly, through cascading effects, or through various mechanisms, such as carrying diseases, competing for food or space or sharing natural enemies with native species (NRC 2002). Ecological impact by invasive species can occur at different levels of biological organisation: genet ...
Myristica beddomei - Tropical Conservation Science
... beddomei (Myristicaceae) in the Western Ghats, India. Tropical Conservation Science. Vol. 6(5):663-673. Available online: ...
... beddomei (Myristicaceae) in the Western Ghats, India. Tropical Conservation Science. Vol. 6(5):663-673. Available online: ...
Trophic structure and interactions in Lake Ayamé \(Côte d`Ivoire\)
... Whenever possible, the P/B ratio of the fish groups was estimated from recently-collected length-frequency distributions using the FiSAT software (Gayanilo et al., 2002). In a first step, this software was used to estimate the growth parameters of the Von Bertalanffy (1938) Growth Function, i.e., th ...
... Whenever possible, the P/B ratio of the fish groups was estimated from recently-collected length-frequency distributions using the FiSAT software (Gayanilo et al., 2002). In a first step, this software was used to estimate the growth parameters of the Von Bertalanffy (1938) Growth Function, i.e., th ...
NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE PUENTE HILLS
... zoning, ecosystem preservation must be achieved through the environmental review process. However, in all but a few cases, current environmental review processes fail to adequately address or provide for ecosystem sustainability. While analyses become increasingly sophisticated in regards to specifi ...
... zoning, ecosystem preservation must be achieved through the environmental review process. However, in all but a few cases, current environmental review processes fail to adequately address or provide for ecosystem sustainability. While analyses become increasingly sophisticated in regards to specifi ...
Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on
... The feeding rates, food selectivity, growth and reproduction of a variety of species of sea urchins vary with changes in quantity and types of available foods. This variation is due to consumer food preferences and the digestibility, absorption efficiency and composition of available food (Lawrence, ...
... The feeding rates, food selectivity, growth and reproduction of a variety of species of sea urchins vary with changes in quantity and types of available foods. This variation is due to consumer food preferences and the digestibility, absorption efficiency and composition of available food (Lawrence, ...
Course Correlation to Virginia Standards of Learning Name of
... • define and give the importance of pioneer species. • explain how soil is formed. Types of Ecosystems Unit SOL's: H/SS 10.3; S BIO.9, ES.9, ES.11 Forests, Deserts, Grasslands, and Tundra Unit Objectives: Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems The Learner Will: *define biome, distinguish between biome ...
... • define and give the importance of pioneer species. • explain how soil is formed. Types of Ecosystems Unit SOL's: H/SS 10.3; S BIO.9, ES.9, ES.11 Forests, Deserts, Grasslands, and Tundra Unit Objectives: Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems The Learner Will: *define biome, distinguish between biome ...
Ch 27
... 27.1 Why Are Community Interactions Important? An ecological community consists of all the interacting populations within an ecosystem (continued) – The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called coevolution – For example, when killing pre ...
... 27.1 Why Are Community Interactions Important? An ecological community consists of all the interacting populations within an ecosystem (continued) – The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called coevolution – For example, when killing pre ...
Taking species abundance distributions beyond
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
organic matter flow in stream food webs with reduced detrital
... (Martinez 1991, Closs and Lake 1994, Tavares-Cromar and Williams 1996). It also has been suggested that highly resolved binary food webs will provide insight into ecosystem function (Bengtsson and Martinez 1996). A more fundamental problem with these food webs is that all links were considered equal ...
... (Martinez 1991, Closs and Lake 1994, Tavares-Cromar and Williams 1996). It also has been suggested that highly resolved binary food webs will provide insight into ecosystem function (Bengtsson and Martinez 1996). A more fundamental problem with these food webs is that all links were considered equal ...
Rapid evolution of mimicry following local model extinction
... the precision of coral snake mimicry has evolved among kingsnakes from a region where coral snakes recently (1960) went locally extinct. We found that these kingsnakes have evolved more precise mimicry; by contrast, no such change occurred in a sympatric non-mimetic species or in conspecifics from a ...
... the precision of coral snake mimicry has evolved among kingsnakes from a region where coral snakes recently (1960) went locally extinct. We found that these kingsnakes have evolved more precise mimicry; by contrast, no such change occurred in a sympatric non-mimetic species or in conspecifics from a ...
Semester 1 Exam Review Sheet
... I can describe the effects of the various fishing method: trawler fishing, purse-seine fishing, longlining, and drift-net fishing. I can define fishprint. I can summarize the story of jellyfish invasions. I can define keystone species. I can explain the purpose of marine reserves. I can distinguish ...
... I can describe the effects of the various fishing method: trawler fishing, purse-seine fishing, longlining, and drift-net fishing. I can define fishprint. I can summarize the story of jellyfish invasions. I can define keystone species. I can explain the purpose of marine reserves. I can distinguish ...
Ecosystem engineers on plants: indirect facilitation of arthropod
... of resources and create new habitats for other species via non-trophic interactions. Leaf-rolling caterpillars can act as ecosystem engineers because they provide shelter to secondary users. In this study, we report the influence of leaf-rolling caterpillars on speciose tropical arthropod communities ...
... of resources and create new habitats for other species via non-trophic interactions. Leaf-rolling caterpillars can act as ecosystem engineers because they provide shelter to secondary users. In this study, we report the influence of leaf-rolling caterpillars on speciose tropical arthropod communities ...
A Survey and Overview of Habitat Fragmentation Experiments
... mammals, early-successional plant species, long-lived species, and generalist predators did not respond in the “expected” manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spatial scale of the experiments. One of the more consistentl ...
... mammals, early-successional plant species, long-lived species, and generalist predators did not respond in the “expected” manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spatial scale of the experiments. One of the more consistentl ...
Cascading Importance - Oregon State University
... of apex predators (such as wolves), not only to Yellowstone, but to ecosystems worldwide. His office is easy to pick out; it is the only one that has several bird feeders suction cupped to the outside windows. Upon entering his office he motions at the small couch in the corner and tells me to pull ...
... of apex predators (such as wolves), not only to Yellowstone, but to ecosystems worldwide. His office is easy to pick out; it is the only one that has several bird feeders suction cupped to the outside windows. Upon entering his office he motions at the small couch in the corner and tells me to pull ...
diversity, ecosystem function, and stability of parasitoid
... parasitism data were arcsine square-root (þ0.5) transformed prior to analysis to meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances. They were analyzed in three GLMs with backward stepwise elimination and habitat type as a fixed factor. A Bonferroni corrected a of 0.01667 was used in all ...
... parasitism data were arcsine square-root (þ0.5) transformed prior to analysis to meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances. They were analyzed in three GLMs with backward stepwise elimination and habitat type as a fixed factor. A Bonferroni corrected a of 0.01667 was used in all ...
spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition
... carbon, and increase soil drainage and water availability at termite mounds (T. Palmer, unpublished data). Relative to the surrounding matrix areas, production of nectary-bearing new shoots on A. drepanolobium is 60% higher on host trees near termite mounds (,10 m from mound edges). In addition, are ...
... carbon, and increase soil drainage and water availability at termite mounds (T. Palmer, unpublished data). Relative to the surrounding matrix areas, production of nectary-bearing new shoots on A. drepanolobium is 60% higher on host trees near termite mounds (,10 m from mound edges). In addition, are ...
Ant-mediated seed dispersal does not facilitate niche expansion
... disperser are nested within those for the plant. The strength of this interaction varies across space and time, and in doing so may undermine attempts to predict future distributions. Further, given that myrmecochores are typically poor dispersers, the incomplete niche overlap between the plant and ...
... disperser are nested within those for the plant. The strength of this interaction varies across space and time, and in doing so may undermine attempts to predict future distributions. Further, given that myrmecochores are typically poor dispersers, the incomplete niche overlap between the plant and ...
Brown planthopper - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
... The high rate of the BPH population growth is primarily due to its high fecundity. Suenaga (1963) reported that the number of oocytes per female is about 2,000 on potted rice plants. Kuno (1968) observed 805 to 908 eggs/female in the three generations. On field-grown rice covered with a nylon net, K ...
... The high rate of the BPH population growth is primarily due to its high fecundity. Suenaga (1963) reported that the number of oocytes per female is about 2,000 on potted rice plants. Kuno (1968) observed 805 to 908 eggs/female in the three generations. On field-grown rice covered with a nylon net, K ...
The Theory of Natural Selection of Alfred Russel Wallace FRS
... the environment deteriorates, the less numerous and less well-adapted variety will become extinct, so that the better-adapted variety would have replaced the less well-adapted variety: ‘It is evident that, of all the individuals composing the species, those forming the least numerous and most feebly ...
... the environment deteriorates, the less numerous and less well-adapted variety will become extinct, so that the better-adapted variety would have replaced the less well-adapted variety: ‘It is evident that, of all the individuals composing the species, those forming the least numerous and most feebly ...
Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of
... oder et al. 2005; Drake & Griffen 2010) studies, and thus have a limited ability to test for alternative stable states in natural systems (Connell & Sousa 1983; Scheffer & Carpenter 2003; Schmitz 2004; Schr€ oder et al. 2005). For example, observational studies are unable to distinguish between nonl ...
... oder et al. 2005; Drake & Griffen 2010) studies, and thus have a limited ability to test for alternative stable states in natural systems (Connell & Sousa 1983; Scheffer & Carpenter 2003; Schmitz 2004; Schr€ oder et al. 2005). For example, observational studies are unable to distinguish between nonl ...
Interactive comment on “From heterotrophy to autotrophy: a
... Somewhere in text it could be mentioned that silicate is not discussed because assumed not limiting in the Schelde, and limitation is assumed to be related to N or P. The authors mention the paradox of decreasing nutrients and increasing phytoplankton biomass. However, they only show inorganic nutri ...
... Somewhere in text it could be mentioned that silicate is not discussed because assumed not limiting in the Schelde, and limitation is assumed to be related to N or P. The authors mention the paradox of decreasing nutrients and increasing phytoplankton biomass. However, they only show inorganic nutri ...
introduction to invasive alien species
... about 150 years ago. It has gradually spread from port areas in eastern and southern Africa ever since. They are now found from Cairo to Cape Town and most urban areas and many rural areas in between. In East Africa it has slowly moved inland from the coast and is still spreading westwards. For exam ...
... about 150 years ago. It has gradually spread from port areas in eastern and southern Africa ever since. They are now found from Cairo to Cape Town and most urban areas and many rural areas in between. In East Africa it has slowly moved inland from the coast and is still spreading westwards. For exam ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.