Large-scale spatial dynamics of vole populations in Finland
... of data, which are seldom available, even for Fennoscandian vole populations. Therefore, we have looked for alternative measures to direct estimates of vole population density. To study vole population fluctuations at the scale of the entire Finland, we have chosen to examine the numbers of nestling ...
... of data, which are seldom available, even for Fennoscandian vole populations. Therefore, we have looked for alternative measures to direct estimates of vole population density. To study vole population fluctuations at the scale of the entire Finland, we have chosen to examine the numbers of nestling ...
Invasion in a heterogeneous world: resistance, coexistence or
... and endogenous heterogeneity (e.g. Bolker 2003; Chase & Leibold 2003). Heterogeneity in the occurrence and abundance of organisms in communities arises through both exogenous forces on the community and endogenous processes within the community that are due, for example, to competitive or trophic in ...
... and endogenous heterogeneity (e.g. Bolker 2003; Chase & Leibold 2003). Heterogeneity in the occurrence and abundance of organisms in communities arises through both exogenous forces on the community and endogenous processes within the community that are due, for example, to competitive or trophic in ...
Detection of alternative stable states in marine communities
... ecology, it is easy to find earlier references to multiple stable points. For example, Lotka (1956) noted the possibility of multiple stable points and referred the reader to literature going back to 1891. It would seem a good test of the theory would simply require showing that a given habitat woul ...
... ecology, it is easy to find earlier references to multiple stable points. For example, Lotka (1956) noted the possibility of multiple stable points and referred the reader to literature going back to 1891. It would seem a good test of the theory would simply require showing that a given habitat woul ...
Behavior of fish predators and their prey
... with predators, and bass captured the few bluegills that strayed into the open. Pike also captured more bluegills in 50% cover with 500 stems m-2 than in 100% cover with 250 or 1000 stems m-2 (Savino & Stein 1988), but captured those that approached closely in the cover. Bluegills concentrated in t ...
... with predators, and bass captured the few bluegills that strayed into the open. Pike also captured more bluegills in 50% cover with 500 stems m-2 than in 100% cover with 250 or 1000 stems m-2 (Savino & Stein 1988), but captured those that approached closely in the cover. Bluegills concentrated in t ...
Population Cycles in Forest Lepidoptera Revisited
... not sufficient for understanding cyclic dynamics. Information on reproduction and dispersal is also needed. She also suggested that the importance of pathogens might have been generally overlooked. Twenty-five years later, we revisit the question of generality by reviewing recent work and ask, “What a ...
... not sufficient for understanding cyclic dynamics. Information on reproduction and dispersal is also needed. She also suggested that the importance of pathogens might have been generally overlooked. Twenty-five years later, we revisit the question of generality by reviewing recent work and ask, “What a ...
secondary succession in an experimentally fragmented
... 2001, Butaye et al. 2002). A framework central to community development is provided by island biogeography theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Hanski 1999, Mouquet and Loreau 2003). Variation in colonization and competitive abilities (Connell and Slatyer 1977, Tilman 1988, Pickett and McDonnell 1989, ...
... 2001, Butaye et al. 2002). A framework central to community development is provided by island biogeography theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Hanski 1999, Mouquet and Loreau 2003). Variation in colonization and competitive abilities (Connell and Slatyer 1977, Tilman 1988, Pickett and McDonnell 1989, ...
Parasites dominate food web links
... concepts, such as the cascade (4) and niche (5) models, generally assume that consumers eat species smaller than themselves, suggesting that new theoretical models may be needed to accommodate parasites, which eat species larger than themselves. Before taking this step, however, it is expedient to c ...
... concepts, such as the cascade (4) and niche (5) models, generally assume that consumers eat species smaller than themselves, suggesting that new theoretical models may be needed to accommodate parasites, which eat species larger than themselves. Before taking this step, however, it is expedient to c ...
Definitions of Biodiversity and Measures of Its Value
... invariant unit of diversity, Simpson et al. (1996) calibrate a simple model of search to pharmaceutical industry data in deriving the value of the “marginal species” with respect to its contribution to new product development (see also Rausser and Small 2000). In a sense, such search models are the ...
... invariant unit of diversity, Simpson et al. (1996) calibrate a simple model of search to pharmaceutical industry data in deriving the value of the “marginal species” with respect to its contribution to new product development (see also Rausser and Small 2000). In a sense, such search models are the ...
BSF 101//3 - Biodiversity in the Tropics
... Why are coastal, inland wetlands and coral reefs such important ecosystems? (10 marks) ...
... Why are coastal, inland wetlands and coral reefs such important ecosystems? (10 marks) ...
Intense-field ionization of helium
... data accurately at intensities below 1014 W/cm2. Additionally, at sufficiently high intensities, the data departs from a linear trend in 1/(ln(Rate))2. At 27×1014 W/cm2, the 390 nm data curls down due to the onset of a more complicated ionization process [1]. At these intensities, we observe a signi ...
... data accurately at intensities below 1014 W/cm2. Additionally, at sufficiently high intensities, the data departs from a linear trend in 1/(ln(Rate))2. At 27×1014 W/cm2, the 390 nm data curls down due to the onset of a more complicated ionization process [1]. At these intensities, we observe a signi ...
Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity
... (Hedin 1991; Pomeroy 1991). In doing so, we demonstrate that many of the fundamental questions of ecology, from the structure of food webs and the length of food chains, to the dynamics of trophic cascades, may have different interpretations when the detritus is included as a central component of an ...
... (Hedin 1991; Pomeroy 1991). In doing so, we demonstrate that many of the fundamental questions of ecology, from the structure of food webs and the length of food chains, to the dynamics of trophic cascades, may have different interpretations when the detritus is included as a central component of an ...
Eating at a Lower Trophic Level WS
... Calculate and compare human food needs at different trophic levels, using the data to construct a biomass pyramid Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of eating at lower trophic levels on a global scale ...
... Calculate and compare human food needs at different trophic levels, using the data to construct a biomass pyramid Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of eating at lower trophic levels on a global scale ...
Biodiversity and teaching - Bertrand Pajot
... Diversity of ethical and cultural point of view must be encouraged promoting relationships which respects and reinforces the life ‘s diversity , regardless from politic, economic or religious ideology displayed in a ...
... Diversity of ethical and cultural point of view must be encouraged promoting relationships which respects and reinforces the life ‘s diversity , regardless from politic, economic or religious ideology displayed in a ...
Ecological Significance of Within- Species Leaf Trait Variability: A
... & Vitousek 2001). Consequently, within-species trait variability may be an important alternative mechanism by which plant communities respond to local scale heterogeneity (Sultan 2000), and could help explain the absence of species diversity-heterogeneity relationships found in some studies (e.g., G ...
... & Vitousek 2001). Consequently, within-species trait variability may be an important alternative mechanism by which plant communities respond to local scale heterogeneity (Sultan 2000), and could help explain the absence of species diversity-heterogeneity relationships found in some studies (e.g., G ...
Functional Ecology - Ruhr
... This significant increased pigmentation could not have been caused by differences in body size, because such differences were not significant (Table 1) and there was no significant correlation between pigmentation and body size. Second, the pigmentation of D. pulex was significantly reduced in the f ...
... This significant increased pigmentation could not have been caused by differences in body size, because such differences were not significant (Table 1) and there was no significant correlation between pigmentation and body size. Second, the pigmentation of D. pulex was significantly reduced in the f ...
Coral reef cascades and the indirect effects of predator removal by
... borne in mind that causality can only be determined through experimental manipulation, thus we cannot exclude the possibility that the correlational link might be due to some other unknown factor associated with human population density and extent of coral reef. The relatively small spatial (1–100 k ...
... borne in mind that causality can only be determined through experimental manipulation, thus we cannot exclude the possibility that the correlational link might be due to some other unknown factor associated with human population density and extent of coral reef. The relatively small spatial (1–100 k ...
Can restoring wolves aid in lynx recovery?
... the lynx range because livestock are not generally distributed as high as lynx. Murie (1951) suggested that high densities of cattle in Arizona resulted in a lack of vegetative cover causing low densities of leporids. To further explore hare dynamics in the south, we contrast hare populations in 2 u ...
... the lynx range because livestock are not generally distributed as high as lynx. Murie (1951) suggested that high densities of cattle in Arizona resulted in a lack of vegetative cover causing low densities of leporids. To further explore hare dynamics in the south, we contrast hare populations in 2 u ...
Bioenergetics Modeling Today
... A better alternative is to weigh the potential gain in resolution against uncertainties in accuracy before any new parameter is added to a bioenergetic model. Sensitivity analysis by a variety of statistical procedures can be used to identify those parameters for which errors will have large or smal ...
... A better alternative is to weigh the potential gain in resolution against uncertainties in accuracy before any new parameter is added to a bioenergetic model. Sensitivity analysis by a variety of statistical procedures can be used to identify those parameters for which errors will have large or smal ...
poster michael humboldt nuevo logo
... new regulations were implemented to allow for its recovery. Nevertheless trawl fishing is a non-selective method and affects other species apart from hake. The continued removal of older and larger individuals from a demersal fish community, not only affects the abundance and size structure of the c ...
... new regulations were implemented to allow for its recovery. Nevertheless trawl fishing is a non-selective method and affects other species apart from hake. The continued removal of older and larger individuals from a demersal fish community, not only affects the abundance and size structure of the c ...
Determinants of the detrital arthropod community structure: the
... elevational gradients. Linear and monotonic relationships between species diversity and elevation are widespread in both plant and animal taxa (McCain 2005, Rahbek 2005, NoguesBravo et al. 2008). However, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these diversity patterns remains elusive. Altho ...
... elevational gradients. Linear and monotonic relationships between species diversity and elevation are widespread in both plant and animal taxa (McCain 2005, Rahbek 2005, NoguesBravo et al. 2008). However, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these diversity patterns remains elusive. Altho ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.