Light reduction predicts widespread patterns of dominance between
... density plots. With our approach, different spatial configurations should average each other out in the analyses, thereby allowing us to examine the average effect of a particular density of ramets regardless of their spatial distribution. Such an approach also mitigates the problem of edge effects, ...
... density plots. With our approach, different spatial configurations should average each other out in the analyses, thereby allowing us to examine the average effect of a particular density of ramets regardless of their spatial distribution. Such an approach also mitigates the problem of edge effects, ...
Preview Sample 2
... a fisherman caught a northern snakehead fish in a pond in Crofton, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, DC). Snakeheads are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then ...
... a fisherman caught a northern snakehead fish in a pond in Crofton, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, DC). Snakeheads are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then ...
population, development and the environment
... Populations lean on available resources to attain development and depend on the environment for material inputs needed for development. Population size can affect the rate of resources exploitation, especially in view of the finite nature of material and human resources. Hence, any analysis of the g ...
... Populations lean on available resources to attain development and depend on the environment for material inputs needed for development. Population size can affect the rate of resources exploitation, especially in view of the finite nature of material and human resources. Hence, any analysis of the g ...
Light reduction predicts widespread patterns of dominance between
... density plots. With our approach, different spatial configurations should average each other out in the analyses, thereby allowing us to examine the average effect of a particular density of ramets regardless of their spatial distribution. Such an approach also mitigates the problem of edge effects, ...
... density plots. With our approach, different spatial configurations should average each other out in the analyses, thereby allowing us to examine the average effect of a particular density of ramets regardless of their spatial distribution. Such an approach also mitigates the problem of edge effects, ...
Evolutionary Arguments on Aging, Disease, and Other Topics
... astonishing multiplicity of morphological, physiological, etc., phenomena of the innumerable living species. For the sake of brevity, I will use the term “evolutionism” when referring to this way of looking at life. ...
... astonishing multiplicity of morphological, physiological, etc., phenomena of the innumerable living species. For the sake of brevity, I will use the term “evolutionism” when referring to this way of looking at life. ...
(Dipsadidae) from South America
... Herpetology Notes, volume 6: 95-96 (2013) (published online on 22 March 2013) ...
... Herpetology Notes, volume 6: 95-96 (2013) (published online on 22 March 2013) ...
as pdf - Heriot
... Arctic terrestrial biodiversity in context Set against this background of the role of biodiversity for ecosystem services in the Arctic, and emphasizing the point that biodiversity includes within-species and among-ecosystem diversity, a tacit generalization can be made that biodiversity is low in t ...
... Arctic terrestrial biodiversity in context Set against this background of the role of biodiversity for ecosystem services in the Arctic, and emphasizing the point that biodiversity includes within-species and among-ecosystem diversity, a tacit generalization can be made that biodiversity is low in t ...
shared and unique features of diversification in greater antillean
... first 100,000 burn-in generations. This resulted in a posterior distribution of 180 trees. We formed a consensus of these trees with branch lengths using MrBayes 3. This tree was constructed without assuming a molecular clock; therefore, we made it ultrametric using penalized likelihood as implement ...
... first 100,000 burn-in generations. This resulted in a posterior distribution of 180 trees. We formed a consensus of these trees with branch lengths using MrBayes 3. This tree was constructed without assuming a molecular clock; therefore, we made it ultrametric using penalized likelihood as implement ...
Species introduction a major topic in vegetation
... crucially depend on regular management to ensure their long-term persistence. Thus, in many cases, successful restoration has to re-instate or at least mimic traditional disturbance events and management schemes, since the total lack of human interference may allow succession to vegetation types oth ...
... crucially depend on regular management to ensure their long-term persistence. Thus, in many cases, successful restoration has to re-instate or at least mimic traditional disturbance events and management schemes, since the total lack of human interference may allow succession to vegetation types oth ...
insight review articles - Montana State University
... magnitude of data acquisition. Consideration of spatial variation in other measures of biodiversity, particularly those concerning the difference between entities rather than simply their numbers, has been remarkably sparse (with the possible exception of patterns in body size and morphology). Thus, ...
... magnitude of data acquisition. Consideration of spatial variation in other measures of biodiversity, particularly those concerning the difference between entities rather than simply their numbers, has been remarkably sparse (with the possible exception of patterns in body size and morphology). Thus, ...
Tradeoffs in seedling growth and survival within and across tropical
... Direct seeding and transplanting are reasonable approaches to looking at tradeoffs, especially once the “natural” habitat conditions have been defined through examination of wild populations. These methods have the advantage of controlling and balancing sample sizes. However, direct seeding and plan ...
... Direct seeding and transplanting are reasonable approaches to looking at tradeoffs, especially once the “natural” habitat conditions have been defined through examination of wild populations. These methods have the advantage of controlling and balancing sample sizes. However, direct seeding and plan ...
Selection criteria for suites of landscape species as a basis for site
... landscape must be connected to provide sufficient area for viable populations of each species. Species with population-level area requirements larger than individual habitat patches or management units were given a score of one. Spatially explicit population viability analyses for every species are ...
... landscape must be connected to provide sufficient area for viable populations of each species. Species with population-level area requirements larger than individual habitat patches or management units were given a score of one. Spatially explicit population viability analyses for every species are ...
A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with
... linear negative correlation between N addition rate and forb species richness indicates that for every ~5 g·m−2·yr−1 increase in the rate of added N to simulate N deposition in Inner Mongolia steppe, an additional forb species per square meter is lost. Effects of N addition on photosynthetic rates T ...
... linear negative correlation between N addition rate and forb species richness indicates that for every ~5 g·m−2·yr−1 increase in the rate of added N to simulate N deposition in Inner Mongolia steppe, an additional forb species per square meter is lost. Effects of N addition on photosynthetic rates T ...
Using ecological restoration to constrain biological invasion
... photosynthetic pathway; the other planted grass species have C3 photosynthetic pathways. Nomenclature follows USDA, NRCS (2004). Plant cover was measured annually during 1994–97 and again in 2002. All measurements were made in the centre 0·5 × 1 m of each plot. For each species, we estimated cover u ...
... photosynthetic pathway; the other planted grass species have C3 photosynthetic pathways. Nomenclature follows USDA, NRCS (2004). Plant cover was measured annually during 1994–97 and again in 2002. All measurements were made in the centre 0·5 × 1 m of each plot. For each species, we estimated cover u ...
Opposing intraspecific vs. interspecific diversity effects on
... intraspecific genetic diversity on tree growth and herbivory in young experimental tree stands. We established a factorial species diversity—genetic diversity experiment in a subtropical biodiversity hotspot in Southeast China and conducted serial measurements of individual tree growth and herbivory ...
... intraspecific genetic diversity on tree growth and herbivory in young experimental tree stands. We established a factorial species diversity—genetic diversity experiment in a subtropical biodiversity hotspot in Southeast China and conducted serial measurements of individual tree growth and herbivory ...
KILHAM, PETER, AND ROBERT E. HECKY. Comparative ecology of
... physiology. Marked differences in uptake ability, storage capacity, and growth and loss rates will be found for phytoplankton that can be ranked along an r- through K-selection continuum. This continuum can serve as a unifying concept in phytoplankton ecology. ...
... physiology. Marked differences in uptake ability, storage capacity, and growth and loss rates will be found for phytoplankton that can be ranked along an r- through K-selection continuum. This continuum can serve as a unifying concept in phytoplankton ecology. ...
Forest-Rangeland Ecotones in the Highlands of Balochistan, Pakistan
... ecotone is a transition area between two adjacent ecological communities or ecosystems. The timberline ecotone below the treeline represents the transition zone between continuous forest and rangeland (Solaimani and Shokrian 2011). Ecotones can influence the fluctuation of materials and energy in th ...
... ecotone is a transition area between two adjacent ecological communities or ecosystems. The timberline ecotone below the treeline represents the transition zone between continuous forest and rangeland (Solaimani and Shokrian 2011). Ecotones can influence the fluctuation of materials and energy in th ...
The evolution of bipedalism in hominids and
... In group living primates, contest competition can occur both between and within groups. Intergroup contest competition is expressed as aggression between groups, whereas intragroup contest competition is expressed as strong dominance hierarchies (Isbell, 1991). Because success in aggressive encounte ...
... In group living primates, contest competition can occur both between and within groups. Intergroup contest competition is expressed as aggression between groups, whereas intragroup contest competition is expressed as strong dominance hierarchies (Isbell, 1991). Because success in aggressive encounte ...
Evolution of weaponry in female bovids
... To test for the effect of female territoriality on horn evolution, we compiled published (Nowak 1999; Caro et al. 2003) and online (IUCN 2009; UMMZ 2009) data in the presence or absence of female territoriality in bovid species. Females were scored as ‘territorial’ if they actively participated in t ...
... To test for the effect of female territoriality on horn evolution, we compiled published (Nowak 1999; Caro et al. 2003) and online (IUCN 2009; UMMZ 2009) data in the presence or absence of female territoriality in bovid species. Females were scored as ‘territorial’ if they actively participated in t ...
The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... 2001). The genome of this virus is now completely sequenced, and there is no evidence of long-term persistence of viral particles outside salamanders (Collins et al., 2004). Ribeiroia ondatraeis is a trematode worm that causes leg deformities in frogs. Increased eutrophication favours the snails tha ...
... 2001). The genome of this virus is now completely sequenced, and there is no evidence of long-term persistence of viral particles outside salamanders (Collins et al., 2004). Ribeiroia ondatraeis is a trematode worm that causes leg deformities in frogs. Increased eutrophication favours the snails tha ...
Common Ancestry Is a Poor Predictor of Competitive Traits in
... All investigations of the importance of phylogenetic distance as a predictor of ecological interactions and community assembly ultimately rely on the assumption that the traits determining species' ecologies display a phylogenetic signal [15]. When ecological traits do display a phylogenetic signal, ...
... All investigations of the importance of phylogenetic distance as a predictor of ecological interactions and community assembly ultimately rely on the assumption that the traits determining species' ecologies display a phylogenetic signal [15]. When ecological traits do display a phylogenetic signal, ...
2009-67
... and yellow perch, and common white suckers are currently much lower than the average for other Upper Peninsula lakes sampled using the Status and Trends protocols. The fisheries community of Bass Lake (East) is in the process of shifting to a system where there may be a larger predator population th ...
... and yellow perch, and common white suckers are currently much lower than the average for other Upper Peninsula lakes sampled using the Status and Trends protocols. The fisheries community of Bass Lake (East) is in the process of shifting to a system where there may be a larger predator population th ...
The assembly of forest communities according to maximum species
... differentiation and that coexisting species will be sufficiently different as to avoid competition (Stubbs and Wilson 2004). The only direct test of these predictions along an environmental gradient using a null modeling approach found that multivariate trait volume in wetland communities was greate ...
... differentiation and that coexisting species will be sufficiently different as to avoid competition (Stubbs and Wilson 2004). The only direct test of these predictions along an environmental gradient using a null modeling approach found that multivariate trait volume in wetland communities was greate ...
Theory meets reality: How habitat fragmentation research has
... steeper slopes, and thus respond more negatively to insularization, than do those with opposite characteristics. Characteristics of fragmented landscapes can also affect speciesarea slopes (Wright, 1981). For example, slopes are on average steeper for fauna on true islands than terrestrial fragments ...
... steeper slopes, and thus respond more negatively to insularization, than do those with opposite characteristics. Characteristics of fragmented landscapes can also affect speciesarea slopes (Wright, 1981). For example, slopes are on average steeper for fauna on true islands than terrestrial fragments ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.