Slides - University of Alberta
... The population numbers of lemming fluctuate greatly over a period of 3-4 years until now. Ecologists suspect that such oscillations are controlled by a trophic mechanism. Their principal summer foods are moss and ...
... The population numbers of lemming fluctuate greatly over a period of 3-4 years until now. Ecologists suspect that such oscillations are controlled by a trophic mechanism. Their principal summer foods are moss and ...
Plant–soil feedbacks: connecting ecosystem ecology and evolution
... Kruckeberg & Bradshaw 2005; Anacker 2014). However, soils are hyper-diverse with living organisms, and biotic interactions with soil microbes create genetic environments that also impact phenotypes. Such is the case when plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the soil environment produce phytohormo ...
... Kruckeberg & Bradshaw 2005; Anacker 2014). However, soils are hyper-diverse with living organisms, and biotic interactions with soil microbes create genetic environments that also impact phenotypes. Such is the case when plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the soil environment produce phytohormo ...
Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on
... more pristine grassland-dominated landscapes [29]. Consequently, habitat modification magnified predation pressure on native aphid Bipersona sp. through invasion of coccinellid predators from the surrounding matrix ...
... more pristine grassland-dominated landscapes [29]. Consequently, habitat modification magnified predation pressure on native aphid Bipersona sp. through invasion of coccinellid predators from the surrounding matrix ...
Thesis - Rufford Small Grants
... predators. While predators may be elusive, their prey is more readily observed. I use the vigilance behavior of Himalayan tahr to infer indirectly the status of their predator, the snow leopard. I confirm that snow leopards have returned to Mt. Everest following their disappearance some 40 years ago ...
... predators. While predators may be elusive, their prey is more readily observed. I use the vigilance behavior of Himalayan tahr to infer indirectly the status of their predator, the snow leopard. I confirm that snow leopards have returned to Mt. Everest following their disappearance some 40 years ago ...
Rapid human-induced divergence of life
... of HIREC (e.g., Stockwell et al. 2003; Hendry et al. 2008). Because ecological processes ...
... of HIREC (e.g., Stockwell et al. 2003; Hendry et al. 2008). Because ecological processes ...
Individual variation behind the evolution of cooperation
... as there is a good chance of finding a better one [21]. Individual differences may also facilitate task specialization. Partner choice and inter-individual variation can determine an individual’s social environment. To illustrate this possibility, I develop a toy example of network formation (figure ...
... as there is a good chance of finding a better one [21]. Individual differences may also facilitate task specialization. Partner choice and inter-individual variation can determine an individual’s social environment. To illustrate this possibility, I develop a toy example of network formation (figure ...
SPECTR1
... specific information is often available in logistics literature. Instead, our central objective is to give an overview of the six general methodologies employed in modeling while not elaborating on the nature of specialized models associated with specific logistics domains. We leave this important d ...
... specific information is often available in logistics literature. Instead, our central objective is to give an overview of the six general methodologies employed in modeling while not elaborating on the nature of specialized models associated with specific logistics domains. We leave this important d ...
JMS 68/3 pps. 235-241 FINAL
... during nocturnal low tides to prevent predation by crabs (Levings & Garrity, 1983), while many limpets forage only when awash at the edge of the rising and falling tide supposedly to reduce the risk of attack by terrestrial and marine predators (Hawkins & Hartnoll, 1983). In mangrove forests, animal ...
... during nocturnal low tides to prevent predation by crabs (Levings & Garrity, 1983), while many limpets forage only when awash at the edge of the rising and falling tide supposedly to reduce the risk of attack by terrestrial and marine predators (Hawkins & Hartnoll, 1983). In mangrove forests, animal ...
Land use vs. fragment size and isolation as determinants
... The remaining Atlantic Forest fragments are structurally isolated by a matrix of pastures, plantations, or urban areas, and most remnants are small (<100 ha). Island biogeography theory has been used to predict the effects of such fragmentation in the remaining fragments, but human activities and la ...
... The remaining Atlantic Forest fragments are structurally isolated by a matrix of pastures, plantations, or urban areas, and most remnants are small (<100 ha). Island biogeography theory has been used to predict the effects of such fragmentation in the remaining fragments, but human activities and la ...
"Species Richness: Small Scale". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
... gradient. At low levels of fertility, competition is symmetric in the sense that ability to capture resources is proportional to size (essentially, root surface area). However, at high levels of fertility, the larger individuals can overtop and preempt light from the smaller ones with the result tha ...
... gradient. At low levels of fertility, competition is symmetric in the sense that ability to capture resources is proportional to size (essentially, root surface area). However, at high levels of fertility, the larger individuals can overtop and preempt light from the smaller ones with the result tha ...
Calidrid conservation: unrequited needs
... underlying ecological factors that maintain predator–prey diversity and afford a complete mosaic of stopover opportunities in addition to total area protected. The concern is that if the complete spectrum of individual-based needs is ignored then conservation measures may only protect segments of th ...
... underlying ecological factors that maintain predator–prey diversity and afford a complete mosaic of stopover opportunities in addition to total area protected. The concern is that if the complete spectrum of individual-based needs is ignored then conservation measures may only protect segments of th ...
evolution of old and new world migration systems
... migrants to temperate and boreal breeding sites are derived from Tropicalbreeding resident birds, emphasising the critical importance of taking into account selective factors and evolution occurring during the non-breeding portion of the life cycle. The three principal Holarctic migration systems ar ...
... migrants to temperate and boreal breeding sites are derived from Tropicalbreeding resident birds, emphasising the critical importance of taking into account selective factors and evolution occurring during the non-breeding portion of the life cycle. The three principal Holarctic migration systems ar ...
Conservation Implications of Invasion by Plant
... other areas of North America (Panetsos and Baker 1968). Escape of genes from engineered crops into wild populations could have adverse economic and ecological consequences if these genes confer fitness advantages to the wild plants. These issues have been extensively described elsewhere (Ellstrand a ...
... other areas of North America (Panetsos and Baker 1968). Escape of genes from engineered crops into wild populations could have adverse economic and ecological consequences if these genes confer fitness advantages to the wild plants. These issues have been extensively described elsewhere (Ellstrand a ...
pptx - SBEL - UW
... [5] L. Silbert, D. Ertas, G. Grest, T. Halsey, D. Levine and S. Plimpton, Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology, Physical Review E, 64 (2001), pp. 51302. [6] L. Vu-Quoc, L. Lesburg and X. Zhang, An accurate tangential force–displacement model for granular-flow simulation ...
... [5] L. Silbert, D. Ertas, G. Grest, T. Halsey, D. Levine and S. Plimpton, Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology, Physical Review E, 64 (2001), pp. 51302. [6] L. Vu-Quoc, L. Lesburg and X. Zhang, An accurate tangential force–displacement model for granular-flow simulation ...
Potential value of indicator species for conservation
... insufficient for understanding how communities are structured (Dunson and Travis 1991; Hunter and Price 1992, Polis 1991, 1994, Power 1992). ...
... insufficient for understanding how communities are structured (Dunson and Travis 1991; Hunter and Price 1992, Polis 1991, 1994, Power 1992). ...
Interspecific Competition in Plants: How Well Do Current Methods
... to be three broad classes of questions related to interspecific plant interactions: Which species dominates at a particular point in time? Which species gains (relative to others) over a period of time? and What is the effect of one species’ presence on a neighboring species’ performance? How these ...
... to be three broad classes of questions related to interspecific plant interactions: Which species dominates at a particular point in time? Which species gains (relative to others) over a period of time? and What is the effect of one species’ presence on a neighboring species’ performance? How these ...
Effects of phytopathogens on plant community dynamics: a review
... work has been done with tropical trees[75]. This is possibly because sufficient rainfall and suitable ...
... work has been done with tropical trees[75]. This is possibly because sufficient rainfall and suitable ...
Lizard population dynamics in a controlled landscape of Florida Scrub
... in the colonizers and their progeny, and in the scrub island population at its peak and during its decline and dispersal period. ...
... in the colonizers and their progeny, and in the scrub island population at its peak and during its decline and dispersal period. ...
Introduction - Beck-Shop
... quality and daily intake rate, is a more likely explanation of their foraging behaviour’. Approaches to describing how consumer populations change in response to the average per capita food intake are then reviewed, from the simplistic/abstract representations of ecological interactions, such as Lot ...
... quality and daily intake rate, is a more likely explanation of their foraging behaviour’. Approaches to describing how consumer populations change in response to the average per capita food intake are then reviewed, from the simplistic/abstract representations of ecological interactions, such as Lot ...
Solutions - Vanier College
... The species composition of Bering Sea fish changed dramatically in the decades preceding the 1990s. Oily fish species, such as ocean perch (a rockfish) and herring, declined sharply, while the abundance of pollock, a less oily fish, increased. The causes of these changes in the fish community are no ...
... The species composition of Bering Sea fish changed dramatically in the decades preceding the 1990s. Oily fish species, such as ocean perch (a rockfish) and herring, declined sharply, while the abundance of pollock, a less oily fish, increased. The causes of these changes in the fish community are no ...
Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders
... restricted geographical distribution and multiple independent origins of sociality suggest that sociality in spiders is contingent upon certain consistent environmental conditions that favour the evolution of similar life history traits. Our aim in the present study was to improve our understanding ...
... restricted geographical distribution and multiple independent origins of sociality suggest that sociality in spiders is contingent upon certain consistent environmental conditions that favour the evolution of similar life history traits. Our aim in the present study was to improve our understanding ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... Figure 1 The magnitude of the species effect on decomposition within regional floras located in widely varying climate conditions across the ...
... Figure 1 The magnitude of the species effect on decomposition within regional floras located in widely varying climate conditions across the ...
Ecology, 89 - Virginia Tech
... occur among three or more species, where a species can, Manuscript received 8 February 2007; revised 25 June 2007; accepted 2 July 2007. Corresponding Editor: R. Greenberg. 1 E-mail: [email protected] ...
... occur among three or more species, where a species can, Manuscript received 8 February 2007; revised 25 June 2007; accepted 2 July 2007. Corresponding Editor: R. Greenberg. 1 E-mail: [email protected] ...
Ecological opportunity and the adaptive
... and (2) phenotypic adaptive landscapes of evolutionary biology (Simpson 1944). The two approaches differ in perspective, with the former (ecological) approach most useful for identifying environmental conditions conducive for niche availability for particular new phenotypes, and the latter (evolutio ...
... and (2) phenotypic adaptive landscapes of evolutionary biology (Simpson 1944). The two approaches differ in perspective, with the former (ecological) approach most useful for identifying environmental conditions conducive for niche availability for particular new phenotypes, and the latter (evolutio ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.