The structure of marine benthic food webs van Oevelen, Johannes
... field observations (e.g. primary production) are used to reconstruct the underlying model parameters (e.g. food web flows). Inverse methods are highly valued in geophysical sciences (Menke, 1984; Sun, 1994; Wunsch, 1996; Kasibhatla et al., 1999; Lary, 1999; Wang et al., 2000), where data inferences ...
... field observations (e.g. primary production) are used to reconstruct the underlying model parameters (e.g. food web flows). Inverse methods are highly valued in geophysical sciences (Menke, 1984; Sun, 1994; Wunsch, 1996; Kasibhatla et al., 1999; Lary, 1999; Wang et al., 2000), where data inferences ...
Spatial dynamics of Norwegian tetraonid populations
... in the comparison, and obtained a proportion of overlap between the species. Although this method is likely to underestimate the true distribution overlap, the pattern obtained when comparing pairs of species largely followed the expected pattern. Statistical analysis of the time series Population g ...
... in the comparison, and obtained a proportion of overlap between the species. Although this method is likely to underestimate the true distribution overlap, the pattern obtained when comparing pairs of species largely followed the expected pattern. Statistical analysis of the time series Population g ...
Size and priority at settlement determine growth and competitive
... juvenile phase at 2 to 3 mo post-hatch (Lough et al. 1989).The length of time spent in this pelagic juvenile phase is variable and the transition from the pelagic to the demersal life stage appears to be a gradual process (Bolz & Lough 1988), with the fish becoming more demersally oriented as they g ...
... juvenile phase at 2 to 3 mo post-hatch (Lough et al. 1989).The length of time spent in this pelagic juvenile phase is variable and the transition from the pelagic to the demersal life stage appears to be a gradual process (Bolz & Lough 1988), with the fish becoming more demersally oriented as they g ...
Unit 3 notes - novacentral.ca
... energy into carbohydrates (food energy) for all other organisms in the ecosystem. o Producers are so named because they actually produce the food for the ecosystem. Consumers: All those organisms in trophic levels other than producers. Consumers eat their food. o For example in figure 6.3 on page 94 ...
... energy into carbohydrates (food energy) for all other organisms in the ecosystem. o Producers are so named because they actually produce the food for the ecosystem. Consumers: All those organisms in trophic levels other than producers. Consumers eat their food. o For example in figure 6.3 on page 94 ...
Ecological effects and distribution of invasive non - IPNA-CSIC
... become established in the wild (Table 1). These species are drawn from six taxonomic orders, and their geographical origins are located in Europe, Africa and Asia. The number of species per island varies, ranging between 10 in Tenerife and six in the smallest islands of La Gomera and El Hierro (Tabl ...
... become established in the wild (Table 1). These species are drawn from six taxonomic orders, and their geographical origins are located in Europe, Africa and Asia. The number of species per island varies, ranging between 10 in Tenerife and six in the smallest islands of La Gomera and El Hierro (Tabl ...
COMMENTARY On the Diversity of Nature and the Nature of Diversity
... diversity in the United States, I do not mean to neglect other more serious situations. The preservation of the tropics, which harbor about 60% of the Earth's flora and fauna on just 6% of the planet's surface, is critical. The rate of extinction in the tropics is a horrifying 0.7% annually, a resul ...
... diversity in the United States, I do not mean to neglect other more serious situations. The preservation of the tropics, which harbor about 60% of the Earth's flora and fauna on just 6% of the planet's surface, is critical. The rate of extinction in the tropics is a horrifying 0.7% annually, a resul ...
14.1 Habitat And Niche
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
national unit specification: general information
... The assessment for Outcome 1 can be combined with the assessment for Outcome 2 as part of a single assessment of approximately 1.5 hours. In the assessment, candidates will be required to answer a series of questions which cover all aspects of the Evidence Requirements. Questions will vary from asse ...
... The assessment for Outcome 1 can be combined with the assessment for Outcome 2 as part of a single assessment of approximately 1.5 hours. In the assessment, candidates will be required to answer a series of questions which cover all aspects of the Evidence Requirements. Questions will vary from asse ...
File - Mr Chang`s Science Hub
... Structure and function of sense organs, receptors, nervous and endocrine Knowledge of organs of sight, smell, sound and touch and some systems. understanding of how they work in some common animals Note: This is a very large topic if all of animal behaviour and plant responses is taught at once. It ...
... Structure and function of sense organs, receptors, nervous and endocrine Knowledge of organs of sight, smell, sound and touch and some systems. understanding of how they work in some common animals Note: This is a very large topic if all of animal behaviour and plant responses is taught at once. It ...
Competitive ability of the epilithic moss Thuidium
... competitor species (Rydin 1997). However, the competitive strategy of bryophytes has been observed in several experiments, evidencing the presence of negative and positive interactions as well as the existence of competitive hierarchies among the different species (Mulder et al. 2001, Rincon & Grime ...
... competitor species (Rydin 1997). However, the competitive strategy of bryophytes has been observed in several experiments, evidencing the presence of negative and positive interactions as well as the existence of competitive hierarchies among the different species (Mulder et al. 2001, Rincon & Grime ...
Effective Landscape Restoration for Native Biodiversity in Northern
... rainfall areas to cropp ing associated w ith lower rainfall regions on suitable soils. However, land use patterns are changing rapidly associated w ith declining far m viability and proximity to urban centres driving an expansion of small lifestyle holdings (Barr 2005). A diversity of ecological com ...
... rainfall areas to cropp ing associated w ith lower rainfall regions on suitable soils. However, land use patterns are changing rapidly associated w ith declining far m viability and proximity to urban centres driving an expansion of small lifestyle holdings (Barr 2005). A diversity of ecological com ...
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.
... So we might suspect that theories of habitat selection would be deeply imbedded in our BIDE (Births, Immigration, Deaths, Emigration) models of population dynamics. Alas, those phenomenological models seldom include mechanisms of habitat occupancy that generate spatial and temporal variation in fitn ...
... So we might suspect that theories of habitat selection would be deeply imbedded in our BIDE (Births, Immigration, Deaths, Emigration) models of population dynamics. Alas, those phenomenological models seldom include mechanisms of habitat occupancy that generate spatial and temporal variation in fitn ...
Waterfowl and Wetland Birds Rapid increase in the lower Great
... in the lower Great Lakes. That area is climatically somewhat similar to their native range in Europe, with low natural predation rates and minimal human interference (the birds are protected in Canada and the United States under the Migratory Birds Convention of 1916). If the mute swan carrying capa ...
... in the lower Great Lakes. That area is climatically somewhat similar to their native range in Europe, with low natural predation rates and minimal human interference (the birds are protected in Canada and the United States under the Migratory Birds Convention of 1916). If the mute swan carrying capa ...
Ebony Murrell`s CV - Department of Ecosystem Science and
... aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) in south Florida: mtDNA evidence for human-aided dispersal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 89(3):482-488. Murrell, E.G., and Juliano, S.A. 2012. Competitive abilities in experimental microcosms are accurately predicted by a demographic index for R*. P ...
... aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) in south Florida: mtDNA evidence for human-aided dispersal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene 89(3):482-488. Murrell, E.G., and Juliano, S.A. 2012. Competitive abilities in experimental microcosms are accurately predicted by a demographic index for R*. P ...
An Invasive Species Reduces Aquatic Insect Flux to Terrestrial Food
... 1964). Thus, we only used juvenile Utah chub (30 mm to 60 mm) in this study because their size and diet was similar to adult least chub and mosquitofish. Aquatic Contribution to the Terrestrial Environment (Hypothesis 1) We used sticky traps in four springs to capture flying insects at the water’s e ...
... 1964). Thus, we only used juvenile Utah chub (30 mm to 60 mm) in this study because their size and diet was similar to adult least chub and mosquitofish. Aquatic Contribution to the Terrestrial Environment (Hypothesis 1) We used sticky traps in four springs to capture flying insects at the water’s e ...
CBD CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
... landscapes, and biomes, occurred in a landscape that was not as fragmented as today, and with little or no pressures from human activities. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has confined many species to relatively small areas within their previous ranges, with reduced genetic variability. Warming ...
... landscapes, and biomes, occurred in a landscape that was not as fragmented as today, and with little or no pressures from human activities. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has confined many species to relatively small areas within their previous ranges, with reduced genetic variability. Warming ...
What is Biodiversity?
... Rice fields and irrigation ponds have been habitats for plants and animals that favor wetlands and waterfronts. Trees cleared to make charcoal or firewood left room for organisms that thrive in sunlight. This interaction between human and nature created a habitat called satoyama that has been home t ...
... Rice fields and irrigation ponds have been habitats for plants and animals that favor wetlands and waterfronts. Trees cleared to make charcoal or firewood left room for organisms that thrive in sunlight. This interaction between human and nature created a habitat called satoyama that has been home t ...
Diet, Morphology, and Interspecific Killing in Carnivora
... involved in interspecific killing to its expected values obtained from data on geographic range overlap (see “Geographic Range Overlap Analysis”). To account for the effects of taxonomy, we compared the observed distribution of interspecific killing between same- and different-family species pairs w ...
... involved in interspecific killing to its expected values obtained from data on geographic range overlap (see “Geographic Range Overlap Analysis”). To account for the effects of taxonomy, we compared the observed distribution of interspecific killing between same- and different-family species pairs w ...
Prowling for Predators- Africa Overnight
... Carnivores evolved as predators of odd and even-toed ungulates and rodents. Interactions of these predators and their prey helped shape the animals we see today. By predators always taking the individuals easiest to catch, predators promote survival of the fittest; as their prey becomes harder to c ...
... Carnivores evolved as predators of odd and even-toed ungulates and rodents. Interactions of these predators and their prey helped shape the animals we see today. By predators always taking the individuals easiest to catch, predators promote survival of the fittest; as their prey becomes harder to c ...
Physiological Ecology of Rocky Intertidal Organisms: A
... Thus, these studies strongly suggest that there are substantial physiological costs for a marine invertebrate to cope with the thermal stress experienced in the rocky intertidal zone (also see Dahlhoff et al., 2001; Tomanek and Somero, 2002). Recent work has also emphasized that we still have much t ...
... Thus, these studies strongly suggest that there are substantial physiological costs for a marine invertebrate to cope with the thermal stress experienced in the rocky intertidal zone (also see Dahlhoff et al., 2001; Tomanek and Somero, 2002). Recent work has also emphasized that we still have much t ...
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IM 11 SYLLABUS
... dimensions (such as social, cultural, economical and political aspects) may be considered, the programme primarily seeks to provide scientific knowledge and understanding enabling the candidate to review environmental issues more objectively. This would enable them to assess the dimension of the iss ...
... dimensions (such as social, cultural, economical and political aspects) may be considered, the programme primarily seeks to provide scientific knowledge and understanding enabling the candidate to review environmental issues more objectively. This would enable them to assess the dimension of the iss ...
Heterogeneity
... than grazing, whilst the corollary was true at a regional scale. • Overall, untreated local plots had the most heterogeneity, but regional responses varied to a large degree, depending on season of burning (spring burning then grazing increased heterogeneity, autumn burns reduced it) • This variatio ...
... than grazing, whilst the corollary was true at a regional scale. • Overall, untreated local plots had the most heterogeneity, but regional responses varied to a large degree, depending on season of burning (spring burning then grazing increased heterogeneity, autumn burns reduced it) • This variatio ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.