19Molles5e
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... studied in a grassland community of central Himalayan tarai region from April 1999 to March 2001. A total of 31 plant species were recorded in the grassland and mean aboveground net primary production was 2815 KJ m-2 yr-1. Fifty-nine insect species belonging 8 insect orders were recorded in the gras ...
... studied in a grassland community of central Himalayan tarai region from April 1999 to March 2001. A total of 31 plant species were recorded in the grassland and mean aboveground net primary production was 2815 KJ m-2 yr-1. Fifty-nine insect species belonging 8 insect orders were recorded in the gras ...
The abstract booklet can be downloaded here
... marine species distribution models Incorporating evolutionary history into niche and distribution modeling Information on biotic interactions improves transferability of distribution models Integrating parasite-‐host interact ...
... marine species distribution models Incorporating evolutionary history into niche and distribution modeling Information on biotic interactions improves transferability of distribution models Integrating parasite-‐host interact ...
Biotic interactions and plant invasions
... (Parker et al. 1999). Empirical studies commonly focus on one of the many components of demographic success, including individual plant performance, local population density, local population growth rate, rate of spread at larger spatial scales and niche breadth or habitat use. Demographic success c ...
... (Parker et al. 1999). Empirical studies commonly focus on one of the many components of demographic success, including individual plant performance, local population density, local population growth rate, rate of spread at larger spatial scales and niche breadth or habitat use. Demographic success c ...
lights out! for nature - The Urban Wildlands Group
... 3. BERTOLOTTI, L., SALMON, M., 2005. Do embedded roadway lights protect sea turtles? Environmental Management 36: 702–710. 4. BIRD, B.L., BRANCH, L.C., MILLER, D.L., 2004. Effects of coastal lighting on foraging behavior of beach mice. Conservation Biology 18: 1435–1439. 5. CINZANO, P., FALCHI, F., ...
... 3. BERTOLOTTI, L., SALMON, M., 2005. Do embedded roadway lights protect sea turtles? Environmental Management 36: 702–710. 4. BIRD, B.L., BRANCH, L.C., MILLER, D.L., 2004. Effects of coastal lighting on foraging behavior of beach mice. Conservation Biology 18: 1435–1439. 5. CINZANO, P., FALCHI, F., ...
Seed size, growth rate and gap microsite
... pioneers across gaps (Brokaw 1987). Absolute differences in size among individuals are progressively less likely to be determined by variation in seed mass or timing of seed germination as seedlings grow, with variation in growth rates becoming the major determinant of plant size, and thereby of the ...
... pioneers across gaps (Brokaw 1987). Absolute differences in size among individuals are progressively less likely to be determined by variation in seed mass or timing of seed germination as seedlings grow, with variation in growth rates becoming the major determinant of plant size, and thereby of the ...
Wolf-Cougar Co-occurrence in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains
... However, there is also potential for wolves and cougars to have limited competition on a landscape. Because these types of studies are observational, there may be numerous confounding factors that are left unaccounted for. Some studies’ results show that wolves and cougars can live sympatrically, wi ...
... However, there is also potential for wolves and cougars to have limited competition on a landscape. Because these types of studies are observational, there may be numerous confounding factors that are left unaccounted for. Some studies’ results show that wolves and cougars can live sympatrically, wi ...
What good are wolves?
... Climate and human harvest account for most of the recent decline of the northern Yellowstone elk herd, coupled with the effects of five predators: grizzly bears, black bears, cougars, and coyotes. These are parts of a system unique in North America by its completeness (White, P.J., Robert Garrott, a ...
... Climate and human harvest account for most of the recent decline of the northern Yellowstone elk herd, coupled with the effects of five predators: grizzly bears, black bears, cougars, and coyotes. These are parts of a system unique in North America by its completeness (White, P.J., Robert Garrott, a ...
Appendix 1. Revision of the questions on the environmental impact
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known about i ...
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known about i ...
Checkley_FisheriesMa..
... • Yes - ocean observations are critical to fisheries management • Developing, as well as developed, countries use ocean observations for fisheries management • Climate effects on fisheries will be much more apparent and ocean observing has contributed to detecting and understanding these, including ...
... • Yes - ocean observations are critical to fisheries management • Developing, as well as developed, countries use ocean observations for fisheries management • Climate effects on fisheries will be much more apparent and ocean observing has contributed to detecting and understanding these, including ...
(Araneae, Gnaphosidae) along the altitudinal gradient of
... (see historical review in Lomolino, 2001). These were later interpreted as the species-energy theory by Wright (1983). Recent researchers connected mountain ecology with the species–area relationship of island biogeography (MacArthur, 1972), because of the similar conditions prevailing for both type ...
... (see historical review in Lomolino, 2001). These were later interpreted as the species-energy theory by Wright (1983). Recent researchers connected mountain ecology with the species–area relationship of island biogeography (MacArthur, 1972), because of the similar conditions prevailing for both type ...
Can We Guarantee the Safety of Genetically Engineered Organisms
... more complex than anticipated range from simple results of ecological research to the consequences of major human activities. Predators were not considered to control grasshopper numbers,10,11 but studies have shown that each year 20 to 50% of the grasshoppers are eaten by birds and predatory insec ...
... more complex than anticipated range from simple results of ecological research to the consequences of major human activities. Predators were not considered to control grasshopper numbers,10,11 but studies have shown that each year 20 to 50% of the grasshoppers are eaten by birds and predatory insec ...
Effect of Prey Limitation on Competitive Interactions Between a
... ABSTRACT The size and geographic distribution of Coccinella novemnotata Herbst populations have been decreasing rapidly across North America closely following the establishment, spread, and population growth of the invasive seven-spotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. To determine whether ...
... ABSTRACT The size and geographic distribution of Coccinella novemnotata Herbst populations have been decreasing rapidly across North America closely following the establishment, spread, and population growth of the invasive seven-spotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. To determine whether ...
Role of pelagic crustaceans in the diet of the longnose lancetfish
... Fish prey, with 21 identified items, ranked second in the diet, occurring in 55% of the samples and accounting for 8% of the diet by number and 21% by reconstituted mass. Among them, Omosudis lowei, Paralepis sp. and A. ferox (i.e. cannibalism) formed the bulk of the fish prey. Conspecific prey repr ...
... Fish prey, with 21 identified items, ranked second in the diet, occurring in 55% of the samples and accounting for 8% of the diet by number and 21% by reconstituted mass. Among them, Omosudis lowei, Paralepis sp. and A. ferox (i.e. cannibalism) formed the bulk of the fish prey. Conspecific prey repr ...
Importance of Grasslands and the role they play
... • Weed sites fluctuate more than native grass sites(C3) • Cool-season grass sites are more active than weed sites in spring but less active in ...
... • Weed sites fluctuate more than native grass sites(C3) • Cool-season grass sites are more active than weed sites in spring but less active in ...
Biological Markets: Supply and Demand Determine the Effect of
... demand will be exchanged for one in low demand. In such a case one can distinguish between a 'choosing' class, the members of which can find a partner in any case, and a 'chosen'class, the membersof which have to outbid their class members in order to gain access to partners.Skewedmarketscan occurwh ...
... demand will be exchanged for one in low demand. In such a case one can distinguish between a 'choosing' class, the members of which can find a partner in any case, and a 'chosen'class, the membersof which have to outbid their class members in order to gain access to partners.Skewedmarketscan occurwh ...
Negative dietary effects of Colorado potato
... decemlineata Say). The guild of aphidophagous ladybirds includes two native species, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Coccinella transversoguttata Brown. Recently, an introduced species, Coccinella septempunctata L., has invaded and apparently displaced its native congener. A second exotic ...
... decemlineata Say). The guild of aphidophagous ladybirds includes two native species, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Coccinella transversoguttata Brown. Recently, an introduced species, Coccinella septempunctata L., has invaded and apparently displaced its native congener. A second exotic ...
Mutations of intermediate effect are responsible for adaptation in
... selection coefficient is much larger. The rapid evolution of resistance to antibiotics, insecticides and herbicides by bacteria and other organisms has had serious consequences for human well-being. In all cases, the pest populations must adapt to novel and stressful conditions. This adaptation is u ...
... selection coefficient is much larger. The rapid evolution of resistance to antibiotics, insecticides and herbicides by bacteria and other organisms has had serious consequences for human well-being. In all cases, the pest populations must adapt to novel and stressful conditions. This adaptation is u ...
ppt檔案 - 國立臺南大學
... i.e. rate of energy gain or increased food intake over a time period Increased food intake increases survival and fecundity (number of offspring) Short-term measures of success indicate long-term fitness Ayo 教材 (動物行為學 2010) ...
... i.e. rate of energy gain or increased food intake over a time period Increased food intake increases survival and fecundity (number of offspring) Short-term measures of success indicate long-term fitness Ayo 教材 (動物行為學 2010) ...
Consumers indirectly increase infection risk in grassland food webs
... and other consumers via selective removal and deliberate or accidental introduction (1–3). Although altered consumer communities are known to impact biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, and stability and facilitate further biological invasions (4, 5), there is mounting concern about the effects of ...
... and other consumers via selective removal and deliberate or accidental introduction (1–3). Although altered consumer communities are known to impact biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, and stability and facilitate further biological invasions (4, 5), there is mounting concern about the effects of ...
Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity
... corresponds to less visible physiological and behavioural changes that allow species to adapt to the new climatic conditions in the same spatial and temporal frame. Spatial. First, species can track appropriate conditions in space and follow them. This is typically done through dispersion, but spati ...
... corresponds to less visible physiological and behavioural changes that allow species to adapt to the new climatic conditions in the same spatial and temporal frame. Spatial. First, species can track appropriate conditions in space and follow them. This is typically done through dispersion, but spati ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.