Environmental heterogeneity, species diversity and
... account for negative heterogeneity–diversity relationships (HDR) revealed in several case studies. Here we explore how HDR varies at different spatial scales and provide novel theories for small-scale species co-existence that explain both positive and negative HDR. At large spatial scales of hetero ...
... account for negative heterogeneity–diversity relationships (HDR) revealed in several case studies. Here we explore how HDR varies at different spatial scales and provide novel theories for small-scale species co-existence that explain both positive and negative HDR. At large spatial scales of hetero ...
How does adaptive consumer movement affect population dynamics
... than with random movement. This was found by Ruxton and Rohani (1998) in a study of fitness-dependent movement within a discrete time single species metapopulation model; they concluded that such movement was more likely to stabilize and synchronize dynamics than was random movement. They also found ...
... than with random movement. This was found by Ruxton and Rohani (1998) in a study of fitness-dependent movement within a discrete time single species metapopulation model; they concluded that such movement was more likely to stabilize and synchronize dynamics than was random movement. They also found ...
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... community of species that exist in a certain area. In ecosystem ecology, the emphasis is on energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components. The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by Tansley (1935) who stated his ideas in the following words: ‘The more fundamental conceptio ...
... community of species that exist in a certain area. In ecosystem ecology, the emphasis is on energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components. The term ‘ecosystem’ was coined by Tansley (1935) who stated his ideas in the following words: ‘The more fundamental conceptio ...
INVITED REVIEW: Molecular analysis of
... However, attention to some simple guidance, for example on primer design and assay optimization, can in many instances prevent these problems arising in the first place. At an early stage in the application of a new technology, it is good to see people trying a spectrum of different approaches and w ...
... However, attention to some simple guidance, for example on primer design and assay optimization, can in many instances prevent these problems arising in the first place. At an early stage in the application of a new technology, it is good to see people trying a spectrum of different approaches and w ...
Larsen et al (2005) Ecol Letters pdf
... response traits (those that determine sensitivity to disturbance) and effect traits (those that determine the functional contribution of a species) (Lavorel & Garnier 2002; Naeem & Wright 2003; Solan et al. 2004). If response and effect traits are independent, the order of species loss from communit ...
... response traits (those that determine sensitivity to disturbance) and effect traits (those that determine the functional contribution of a species) (Lavorel & Garnier 2002; Naeem & Wright 2003; Solan et al. 2004). If response and effect traits are independent, the order of species loss from communit ...
The Arctic Is... an ecosystem
... river terraces, and causing rivers to change direction. You notice this over millennia, but you can also measure the current rise of 2-3 mm per decades in some areas - one of many slow but continuous processes within the Arctic Ecosystem Climate variability has shaped the Arctic and been a way of li ...
... river terraces, and causing rivers to change direction. You notice this over millennia, but you can also measure the current rise of 2-3 mm per decades in some areas - one of many slow but continuous processes within the Arctic Ecosystem Climate variability has shaped the Arctic and been a way of li ...
A Mathematical Model for Enzyme Kinetics
... easy to solve analytically. In our analysis, we must keep in mind that ϵ is a very small, positive dv . As we saw before, we cannot expect to find a parameter. Notice that ϵ is multiplied by dτ uniformly valid approximate solution of the system by simply setting ϵ = 0, because that would reduce the o ...
... easy to solve analytically. In our analysis, we must keep in mind that ϵ is a very small, positive dv . As we saw before, we cannot expect to find a parameter. Notice that ϵ is multiplied by dτ uniformly valid approximate solution of the system by simply setting ϵ = 0, because that would reduce the o ...
Chapter 4
... Communities have different ways of maintaining themselves when disturbed Resistance = when a community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance Resilience = when a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state ...
... Communities have different ways of maintaining themselves when disturbed Resistance = when a community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance Resilience = when a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state ...
Chapter 4 Notes - Lincoln High School
... § Communities have different ways of maintaining themselves when disturbed § Resistance = when a community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance § Resilience = when a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state ...
... § Communities have different ways of maintaining themselves when disturbed § Resistance = when a community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance § Resilience = when a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state ...
ppt
... Losos (1996) “If species adapted rapidly and without constraint, and if any lineage could occur in any community, then we would expect differences in community structure to be indicative of environmental differences. Because lineages differ in their evolutionary potential and are geographically rest ...
... Losos (1996) “If species adapted rapidly and without constraint, and if any lineage could occur in any community, then we would expect differences in community structure to be indicative of environmental differences. Because lineages differ in their evolutionary potential and are geographically rest ...
Emerson 2002
... are restricted to this region which began to change from a summer-wet to summer-dry climate approximately 15 Ma. Because the silversword alliance is nested within the California tarweed phylogeny their most recent common ancestor (MRCA) could not have arisen before the diversification of the tarweed ...
... are restricted to this region which began to change from a summer-wet to summer-dry climate approximately 15 Ma. Because the silversword alliance is nested within the California tarweed phylogeny their most recent common ancestor (MRCA) could not have arisen before the diversification of the tarweed ...
Corals
... • a microscope modified for aquatic work • found the animal polyps on many reef organisms • then considered to be animals for a while - with no plant component • improvements in microscopy confirmed their animal nature, with polyps filtering out plankton with their ...
... • a microscope modified for aquatic work • found the animal polyps on many reef organisms • then considered to be animals for a while - with no plant component • improvements in microscopy confirmed their animal nature, with polyps filtering out plankton with their ...
Mar 2 - University of Toledo
... considered to represent a zone of edge influence that extends to both sides of the edge, in which structure or composition is different from either of the adjacent communities. This zone may actually begin some distance into the forest or in the adjacent non-forested area (Cadenasso et al. 1997, Har ...
... considered to represent a zone of edge influence that extends to both sides of the edge, in which structure or composition is different from either of the adjacent communities. This zone may actually begin some distance into the forest or in the adjacent non-forested area (Cadenasso et al. 1997, Har ...
this PDF file
... organisms of the different species. The spatial distribution of individuals in one species can act as an isolator and be a leading phenomenon for speciation [3], [4], [5]. For example, in [6] it has been proved that there is a linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance. It means tha ...
... organisms of the different species. The spatial distribution of individuals in one species can act as an isolator and be a leading phenomenon for speciation [3], [4], [5]. For example, in [6] it has been proved that there is a linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance. It means tha ...
Ecosystems - Environmental
... Organisms; any form of life Populations Same species living in the same area ...
... Organisms; any form of life Populations Same species living in the same area ...
Ernest 2005
... community. If energy is unequally available across body sizes, then the body sizes that should be favored in the assembly of the community are those body sizes with the greatest access to resources, resulting in aggregations of species in the species-level body size distribution around specific mass ...
... community. If energy is unequally available across body sizes, then the body sizes that should be favored in the assembly of the community are those body sizes with the greatest access to resources, resulting in aggregations of species in the species-level body size distribution around specific mass ...
Place-Based Ecosystem Management in the Open Ocean
... United Nations’ latest global assessment (FAO 2002) ...
... United Nations’ latest global assessment (FAO 2002) ...
Americana, American History Mathematics
... Useful for independent study and as a reference work, this introduction to differential geometry features many examples and exercises. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it defines geometric structure by specifying the parallel transport in an appropriate fiber bundle, fo ...
... Useful for independent study and as a reference work, this introduction to differential geometry features many examples and exercises. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, it defines geometric structure by specifying the parallel transport in an appropriate fiber bundle, fo ...
EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF PREDATION FOR
... The threshold predation level is proportional to the growth rate of the prey population outside predation and inversely proportional to the attack rate. The threshold predation level is such that for P > P ∗ , the prey reproduction number R < 1 and the prey population dies out. 2.2. Equilibria. If t ...
... The threshold predation level is proportional to the growth rate of the prey population outside predation and inversely proportional to the attack rate. The threshold predation level is such that for P > P ∗ , the prey reproduction number R < 1 and the prey population dies out. 2.2. Equilibria. If t ...
REVIEW ESSAY
... competing employments, social trajectories, and value constellations. Understanding this socio-economics is necessary to account for contemporary sex/gender differences, but it is not a sufficient explanation. Kheel complements the structural analysis with material from the psychological literature, ...
... competing employments, social trajectories, and value constellations. Understanding this socio-economics is necessary to account for contemporary sex/gender differences, but it is not a sufficient explanation. Kheel complements the structural analysis with material from the psychological literature, ...
Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity
... consistency of treatment effects across sites. Because the aboveground plant materials of both seeded and resident species were totally removed prior to each growing season, the annual biomass production (aboveground) of these species provided an estimate of productivity. Response of seeded species, ...
... consistency of treatment effects across sites. Because the aboveground plant materials of both seeded and resident species were totally removed prior to each growing season, the annual biomass production (aboveground) of these species provided an estimate of productivity. Response of seeded species, ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.