Disturbance, Scale, and Boundary in Wilderness
... to the boreal forest (up to 0.3 m per year). These values are 5-10 times greater than the height growth rates of shade tolerant species in the same ecosystems. Species richness also varies along the latitudinal gradient. The consequence is that while all three areas have disturbance-dependent “fast ...
... to the boreal forest (up to 0.3 m per year). These values are 5-10 times greater than the height growth rates of shade tolerant species in the same ecosystems. Species richness also varies along the latitudinal gradient. The consequence is that while all three areas have disturbance-dependent “fast ...
Dinger EC, Hendrickson DA, Winsborough BM, Marks JC (2006)
... can disrupt microbial mats supports this hypothesis (Garrett, 1970), but it is principally based on the temporal correlation in the fossil record between metazoan diversification and stromatolite decline, along with observations that most modern stromatolites occur in ‘‘extreme’’ environments that li ...
... can disrupt microbial mats supports this hypothesis (Garrett, 1970), but it is principally based on the temporal correlation in the fossil record between metazoan diversification and stromatolite decline, along with observations that most modern stromatolites occur in ‘‘extreme’’ environments that li ...
Biblio RTF Export - Global Invasive Alien Species Information
... J. K. Webb, D. Pearson, and R. Shine, ?A small dasyurid predator (Sminthopsis virginiae) rapidly learns to avoid a toxic invader?, Wildlife ResearchWildlife Research, vol. 38, pp. 726-731, 2011. J. K. Webb, G. P. Brown, T. Child, M. J. Greenlees, B. L. Phillips, and R. Shine, ?A native dasyurid pred ...
... J. K. Webb, D. Pearson, and R. Shine, ?A small dasyurid predator (Sminthopsis virginiae) rapidly learns to avoid a toxic invader?, Wildlife ResearchWildlife Research, vol. 38, pp. 726-731, 2011. J. K. Webb, G. P. Brown, T. Child, M. J. Greenlees, B. L. Phillips, and R. Shine, ?A native dasyurid pred ...
Plant Growth Modelling and Applications: The Increasing
... which combined with environmental factors co-determine the C balance during vegetative growth. Ranging from metabolic factors (i.e. leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration) to temporal factors (e.g. leaf duration), Körner (1991) emphasized the importance of morphogenetic features that govern plant ...
... which combined with environmental factors co-determine the C balance during vegetative growth. Ranging from metabolic factors (i.e. leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration) to temporal factors (e.g. leaf duration), Körner (1991) emphasized the importance of morphogenetic features that govern plant ...
Populational status of the endangered mollusc Patella ferruginea
... of the population status of the species and relevant pressure factors indicate better management and conservation measures are essential. Population size structures, in the sense of distribution of body size within particular populations, are affected by environmental changes, ecological interaction ...
... of the population status of the species and relevant pressure factors indicate better management and conservation measures are essential. Population size structures, in the sense of distribution of body size within particular populations, are affected by environmental changes, ecological interaction ...
The effect of mermithid parasitism on predation of nymphal Baetis
... A reduced drift frequency in response to these noncontact encounters, as shown by parasitized nymphs in this study, therefore appears to decrease the mayfly’s ability to avoid stoneflies and hence increase the number of contact encounters that occur between the predator and prey (also found by Bento ...
... A reduced drift frequency in response to these noncontact encounters, as shown by parasitized nymphs in this study, therefore appears to decrease the mayfly’s ability to avoid stoneflies and hence increase the number of contact encounters that occur between the predator and prey (also found by Bento ...
Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla)
... migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers in the Bay of Fundy, a critical staging site during southbound migration. Average bill and wing lengths of adults individuals captured between 1981 and 2006 (25-year period) staging in the Bay of Fundy declined, while mean body mass remained stable or increased, the ...
... migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers in the Bay of Fundy, a critical staging site during southbound migration. Average bill and wing lengths of adults individuals captured between 1981 and 2006 (25-year period) staging in the Bay of Fundy declined, while mean body mass remained stable or increased, the ...
PART 1: Isle Royale
... growth model. Population growth is normally limited by the availability of important resources such as food, nutrients, or space. A population’s carrying capacity (symbolized by ‘K’) is the maximum number of individuals of that species that the local environment can support at any particular time. W ...
... growth model. Population growth is normally limited by the availability of important resources such as food, nutrients, or space. A population’s carrying capacity (symbolized by ‘K’) is the maximum number of individuals of that species that the local environment can support at any particular time. W ...
Effects of groundcover management on ground beetles (Coleoptera
... fecundity, growth and survival of two carabid species in laboratory experiments (Van Dijk, 1996). In an apple orchard, air temperature was positively correlated with the capture of Pterostichus melanarius Illiger although it did not affect other species (Holliday and Hagley, 1978). Soil moisture neg ...
... fecundity, growth and survival of two carabid species in laboratory experiments (Van Dijk, 1996). In an apple orchard, air temperature was positively correlated with the capture of Pterostichus melanarius Illiger although it did not affect other species (Holliday and Hagley, 1978). Soil moisture neg ...
Adaptive Radiation - the ant life
... well-known vertebrate radiations include lizards (anoles) in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean in which diversification has allowed species to occupy a range of ecological roles, with as many as 11 species occurring sympatrically. Different species live, for example, on twigs, in the grass, or o ...
... well-known vertebrate radiations include lizards (anoles) in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean in which diversification has allowed species to occupy a range of ecological roles, with as many as 11 species occurring sympatrically. Different species live, for example, on twigs, in the grass, or o ...
Carpenter et al. 2007
... habitat, shifting biotic composition, and a growing human population with changing expectations of, and behavior toward, nature. The outcomes of such processes are fundamentally uncertain. Dynamics are nonlinear and are likely to produce surprises that cannot be anticipated from singlefactor, small- ...
... habitat, shifting biotic composition, and a growing human population with changing expectations of, and behavior toward, nature. The outcomes of such processes are fundamentally uncertain. Dynamics are nonlinear and are likely to produce surprises that cannot be anticipated from singlefactor, small- ...
New perspectives on trophic guilds of arthropodivorous bats in North
... and configuration all influence the availability of resources for bats and are therefore correlated with the composition of bat trophic guilds (Parker et al. 2001; Clarke et al. 2005; Presley and Willig 2010; López-González et al. 2012). These guilds have, in turn, been used as a basis for describin ...
... and configuration all influence the availability of resources for bats and are therefore correlated with the composition of bat trophic guilds (Parker et al. 2001; Clarke et al. 2005; Presley and Willig 2010; López-González et al. 2012). These guilds have, in turn, been used as a basis for describin ...
Full text in pdf format
... Species richness and biomass of associated macrofauna and -flora was enhanced even by the presence of single mussels and increased rapidly with patch size up to about 150 cm2, while no change in sediment meiofauna was found. In order to separate the effects of structure and function of M. edulis, a ...
... Species richness and biomass of associated macrofauna and -flora was enhanced even by the presence of single mussels and increased rapidly with patch size up to about 150 cm2, while no change in sediment meiofauna was found. In order to separate the effects of structure and function of M. edulis, a ...
Herbivores Promote Habitat Specialization by Trees in Amazonian
... *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: fi[email protected] ...
... *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: fi[email protected] ...
Food and Feeding Habits in Fish
... organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. In this chapter we will examine further some of the concepts that ecologists use to organize their thoughts about the ways in which organisms use their environment, relate to each other, and assemble into communities or ecosyste ...
... organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. In this chapter we will examine further some of the concepts that ecologists use to organize their thoughts about the ways in which organisms use their environment, relate to each other, and assemble into communities or ecosyste ...
Untitled - Bio
... flux of energy and matter’. However, we take energy/matter transformations as being subsumed in the ‘interactions’ of our definition. There are two broad approaches that ecologists can take at each level of ecological organization. First, much can be gained by building from properties at the level b ...
... flux of energy and matter’. However, we take energy/matter transformations as being subsumed in the ‘interactions’ of our definition. There are two broad approaches that ecologists can take at each level of ecological organization. First, much can be gained by building from properties at the level b ...
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
... plants in laboratory and field experiments and suggested that ecosystem functions, like biomass production and nutrient cycling, respond strongly to changes in biological diversity7–10. Interpretation of these studies was initially controversial, and by the late 1990s BEF researchers were involved i ...
... plants in laboratory and field experiments and suggested that ecosystem functions, like biomass production and nutrient cycling, respond strongly to changes in biological diversity7–10. Interpretation of these studies was initially controversial, and by the late 1990s BEF researchers were involved i ...
Philosophy of Ecology - sikkim university library
... runs into philosophical issues about the nature of knowledge and reality. Scientific controversies raise such questions as the relation of theory and experiment, the nature of explanation, and the extent to which science can approximate to the truth. Within particular sciences, special concerns aris ...
... runs into philosophical issues about the nature of knowledge and reality. Scientific controversies raise such questions as the relation of theory and experiment, the nature of explanation, and the extent to which science can approximate to the truth. Within particular sciences, special concerns aris ...
Extinction order and altered community structure
... response traits (those that determine sensitivity to disturbance) and effect traits (those that determine the functional contribution of a species) (Lavorel & Garnier 2002; Naeem & Wright 2003; Solan et al. 2004). If response and effect traits are independent, the order of species loss from communit ...
... response traits (those that determine sensitivity to disturbance) and effect traits (those that determine the functional contribution of a species) (Lavorel & Garnier 2002; Naeem & Wright 2003; Solan et al. 2004). If response and effect traits are independent, the order of species loss from communit ...
Factors affecting survival in Mediterranean populations of the
... stopped transmitting. We recorded no adverse effect of backpacks on birds or breeding performance. The backpacks were not removed after the study due to the difficulty of recapturing the same individual (Penteriani et al. 2011). To locate the owls, the surveys were made from four-wheel drive vehicle ...
... stopped transmitting. We recorded no adverse effect of backpacks on birds or breeding performance. The backpacks were not removed after the study due to the difficulty of recapturing the same individual (Penteriani et al. 2011). To locate the owls, the surveys were made from four-wheel drive vehicle ...
Scale-dependent interactions and community
... suggesting that either biotic (competition) or abiotic factors (recruitment failure, for instance because of increased inundation) limits forb establishment or survival within the Spartina zone. This would imply that facilitation prevails only at a certain distance, whereas other factors determine f ...
... suggesting that either biotic (competition) or abiotic factors (recruitment failure, for instance because of increased inundation) limits forb establishment or survival within the Spartina zone. This would imply that facilitation prevails only at a certain distance, whereas other factors determine f ...
EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF MUTUALISM: THE ROLE OF
... dynamics and coevolution of mutualists, using two classes of pollination mutualisms as model systems for a combination of empirical and theoretical studies. These types of pollinating mutualisms are the group of pollinating seed parasite mutualisms, typified by yuccas and yucca moths, and generalize ...
... dynamics and coevolution of mutualists, using two classes of pollination mutualisms as model systems for a combination of empirical and theoretical studies. These types of pollinating mutualisms are the group of pollinating seed parasite mutualisms, typified by yuccas and yucca moths, and generalize ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.