2009-67
... and yellow perch, and common white suckers are currently much lower than the average for other Upper Peninsula lakes sampled using the Status and Trends protocols. The fisheries community of Bass Lake (East) is in the process of shifting to a system where there may be a larger predator population th ...
... and yellow perch, and common white suckers are currently much lower than the average for other Upper Peninsula lakes sampled using the Status and Trends protocols. The fisheries community of Bass Lake (East) is in the process of shifting to a system where there may be a larger predator population th ...
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RESEARCH
... Is Biodiversity Really Declining? A Balance of Extinctions and Invasions at Different Scales BDEF studies of the last decade almost universally invoke the global decline in biodiversity as the primary impetus for research (Naeem et al. 1999). Conservation management and measurement of ecosystem func ...
... Is Biodiversity Really Declining? A Balance of Extinctions and Invasions at Different Scales BDEF studies of the last decade almost universally invoke the global decline in biodiversity as the primary impetus for research (Naeem et al. 1999). Conservation management and measurement of ecosystem func ...
SHIFTING PARADIGMS OF THE EVOLUTION OF CAVE LIFE
... the caves of Carniola [Slovenia] and Kentucky are blind … As it is difficult to imagine that eyes, though useless, could be in any way injurious to animals living in darkness, their loss may be attributed to disuse (Darwin 1859). ...
... the caves of Carniola [Slovenia] and Kentucky are blind … As it is difficult to imagine that eyes, though useless, could be in any way injurious to animals living in darkness, their loss may be attributed to disuse (Darwin 1859). ...
Factors Determining Forest Diversity and Biomass on a Tropical
... Tropical volcanoes are an important but understudied ecosystem, and the relationships between plant species diversity and compositional change and elevation may differ from mountains created by uplift, because of their younger and more homogeneous soils. We sampled vegetation over an altitudinal gra ...
... Tropical volcanoes are an important but understudied ecosystem, and the relationships between plant species diversity and compositional change and elevation may differ from mountains created by uplift, because of their younger and more homogeneous soils. We sampled vegetation over an altitudinal gra ...
Multiple scale composition and spatial distribution patterns of the
... where human disturbance is minimal in some places, little is known about spatial patterns. Gustafson (1998) suggests that there are methodological limitations to quantification of presettlement spatial patterns. Associations of species with geological formations or soil properties, links to disturba ...
... where human disturbance is minimal in some places, little is known about spatial patterns. Gustafson (1998) suggests that there are methodological limitations to quantification of presettlement spatial patterns. Associations of species with geological formations or soil properties, links to disturba ...
JVS 2391 Cavieres
... Both elevation and position within or outside cushion had significant effects on species density (F1,196 = 73.7, p < 0.01; F1,196 = 66.4, p < 0.01, for elevation and position, respectively). Both within or outside cushions, the number of species was significantly lower at the highest elevation, whil ...
... Both elevation and position within or outside cushion had significant effects on species density (F1,196 = 73.7, p < 0.01; F1,196 = 66.4, p < 0.01, for elevation and position, respectively). Both within or outside cushions, the number of species was significantly lower at the highest elevation, whil ...
HW Questoins - Holy Trinity Academy
... with respect to body size, life-span, number of offspring, relative time of reproduction (earlier or later in life), type of survivorship curve, type of growth curve (S-shaped or boom-and-bust). 8. Contrast r and K species, give examples of each to illustrate your points. 9. Using examples, discuss ...
... with respect to body size, life-span, number of offspring, relative time of reproduction (earlier or later in life), type of survivorship curve, type of growth curve (S-shaped or boom-and-bust). 8. Contrast r and K species, give examples of each to illustrate your points. 9. Using examples, discuss ...
Neanderthal-modern human competition?
... et al., 1999). Although these forms of competition have been described as distinct, ultimately they all involve competition for the means by which the different human species survived. The cognitive, cultural or demographic potential of a population will not cause competition unless it is being used ...
... et al., 1999). Although these forms of competition have been described as distinct, ultimately they all involve competition for the means by which the different human species survived. The cognitive, cultural or demographic potential of a population will not cause competition unless it is being used ...
Geographic range of West African freshwater fishes
... The size of the geographic range (range size) of a species is defined here as the number of rivers in which the species is present. The frequency distribution of this feature is described by a negative power function. A stochastic model in which all species are assumed to have the same probability o ...
... The size of the geographic range (range size) of a species is defined here as the number of rivers in which the species is present. The frequency distribution of this feature is described by a negative power function. A stochastic model in which all species are assumed to have the same probability o ...
Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation
... functions (i.e. axes) being studied. The functional niche as applied to individuals expresses the effects of a species in functional space on a per capita or per biomass basis (e.g. oxygen generation per individual, or per g). While per capita functional effects are useful for assessing functional e ...
... functions (i.e. axes) being studied. The functional niche as applied to individuals expresses the effects of a species in functional space on a per capita or per biomass basis (e.g. oxygen generation per individual, or per g). While per capita functional effects are useful for assessing functional e ...
MACRO-INVERTEBRATE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN
... of effects appears much more variable at the watersediment interface. This scale ranges from the sediment particle scale, with biofilm communities to the mosaic unit scale with benthic community patches. Trophic impacts exist in all aquatic sediments, and benthic organisms have been classified into ...
... of effects appears much more variable at the watersediment interface. This scale ranges from the sediment particle scale, with biofilm communities to the mosaic unit scale with benthic community patches. Trophic impacts exist in all aquatic sediments, and benthic organisms have been classified into ...
Centurial and decadal oceanographic influences on changes in
... Gannets are opportunistic foragers and prey on abundant pelagic fish and squid. Inter-annual fluctuations in the proportions of mackerel and squid in their diets are highly correlated with local and regional fisheries catches and abundance indices of these prey in the north-west Atlantic (Montevecch ...
... Gannets are opportunistic foragers and prey on abundant pelagic fish and squid. Inter-annual fluctuations in the proportions of mackerel and squid in their diets are highly correlated with local and regional fisheries catches and abundance indices of these prey in the north-west Atlantic (Montevecch ...
The Landscape Ecology of Invasive Spread
... where Nt1(x) is the population density at some destination point x , which is a function of the population growth at each source point y ( f [ N t ( y )] ) and the movement of individuals from y to x according to the shape of the dispersal kernel, k. Integrodifference equation models reveal that it ...
... where Nt1(x) is the population density at some destination point x , which is a function of the population growth at each source point y ( f [ N t ( y )] ) and the movement of individuals from y to x according to the shape of the dispersal kernel, k. Integrodifference equation models reveal that it ...
Long-Term Persistence of Species and the SLOSS Problem
... rate parameters of the species. As a first approximation, it may be considered to measure the amount of habitat available, but in addition it takes into account the actual spatial configuration of the habitat patch network. Metapopulation capacity increases with increasing number of habitat patches, w ...
... rate parameters of the species. As a first approximation, it may be considered to measure the amount of habitat available, but in addition it takes into account the actual spatial configuration of the habitat patch network. Metapopulation capacity increases with increasing number of habitat patches, w ...
Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North
... in the Bering Sea, as only Japanese catch data are available at this point, but other nations are known to have operated there as well. The resulting time series are not meant to represent accurate representations of historic trajectories but rather a simple representation of how catches may have af ...
... in the Bering Sea, as only Japanese catch data are available at this point, but other nations are known to have operated there as well. The resulting time series are not meant to represent accurate representations of historic trajectories but rather a simple representation of how catches may have af ...
Patterns in the structure of Asian and North American desert small
... are physiognomically and climatically very different (Walter & Box, 1983), remain relatively little studied (relative to North American deserts; e.g. Genoways & Brown, 1993), and exhibit substantial faunal differences above the level of species, we feel it is more informative to analyse the Turan an ...
... are physiognomically and climatically very different (Walter & Box, 1983), remain relatively little studied (relative to North American deserts; e.g. Genoways & Brown, 1993), and exhibit substantial faunal differences above the level of species, we feel it is more informative to analyse the Turan an ...
Top predators, mesopredators and their prey: interference
... and hare biomass increased with productivity whilst fox biomass did not. In the ‘mesopredator release ecosystem’, fox biomass increased with productivity but hare biomass did not. Thus, biomass controlled top-down did not respond to changes in productivity. This fulfils a critical prediction of EEH. ...
... and hare biomass increased with productivity whilst fox biomass did not. In the ‘mesopredator release ecosystem’, fox biomass increased with productivity but hare biomass did not. Thus, biomass controlled top-down did not respond to changes in productivity. This fulfils a critical prediction of EEH. ...
Biotropica
... At fine spatial grains, limiting nutrients may drive properties of animal communities that covary with stoichiometric gradients (Milton & Kaspari 2007). The abundance of a single element may show associations with community properties; however, within organismal tissues, groups of elements often dem ...
... At fine spatial grains, limiting nutrients may drive properties of animal communities that covary with stoichiometric gradients (Milton & Kaspari 2007). The abundance of a single element may show associations with community properties; however, within organismal tissues, groups of elements often dem ...
Van Buskirk 2002
... shape of the body and tail. These are the residuals of the four body and tail measurements after regression against body size (PC-1). The values of R2 for these regressions were between 0.91 and 0.95. I measured plasticity in both behavior and morphology as the change in the trait value (for activit ...
... shape of the body and tail. These are the residuals of the four body and tail measurements after regression against body size (PC-1). The values of R2 for these regressions were between 0.91 and 0.95. I measured plasticity in both behavior and morphology as the change in the trait value (for activit ...
Species-specific positive effects in an annual plant
... et al. 1999), and this is more tractable in certain life-forms. Furthermore, it has been argued that removal experiments are superior to additions since communities are formed by many processes, not just simple addition, removals inform on the importance of non-random species loss within systems, an ...
... et al. 1999), and this is more tractable in certain life-forms. Furthermore, it has been argued that removal experiments are superior to additions since communities are formed by many processes, not just simple addition, removals inform on the importance of non-random species loss within systems, an ...
Resolving the value of the dingo in ecological restoration
... to Australian ecosystems for two reasons. First, while dingoes appear to have facilitatory effects on small mammals, they did ...
... to Australian ecosystems for two reasons. First, while dingoes appear to have facilitatory effects on small mammals, they did ...
Case Studies II
... • Fascinating system since: 1) little or no immigration or emigration; 2) no hunting by humans; 3) little human disruption (e.g. introduced dog diseases); 4) simple ...
... • Fascinating system since: 1) little or no immigration or emigration; 2) no hunting by humans; 3) little human disruption (e.g. introduced dog diseases); 4) simple ...
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.