Disturbance, Diversity, and Invasion: Implications for
... levels and demographic processes. Within a given patch, the response of any community to a disturbance (or to the disturbance regime, characterised by the natural distribution of disturbance sizes, frequencies, intensities, and timing) is determined by the attributes of c o m p o n e n t species. Di ...
... levels and demographic processes. Within a given patch, the response of any community to a disturbance (or to the disturbance regime, characterised by the natural distribution of disturbance sizes, frequencies, intensities, and timing) is determined by the attributes of c o m p o n e n t species. Di ...
Sparse Coding and Automatic Relevance
... dictionary and encoding at the same time (This problem is not convex!) Sparse’09 ...
... dictionary and encoding at the same time (This problem is not convex!) Sparse’09 ...
active organism Chrysoperla carnea
... C. carnea was originally considered to be a single species with a Holarctic distribution but it has now been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species, generally referred to as C. carnea sensu lato (s.l. = “in the broad sense”) (Lourenço et al. 2006). These are indistinguishable from ea ...
... C. carnea was originally considered to be a single species with a Holarctic distribution but it has now been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species, generally referred to as C. carnea sensu lato (s.l. = “in the broad sense”) (Lourenço et al. 2006). These are indistinguishable from ea ...
Competition between harvester ants and rodents in the cold desert
... cover compared to 6.8 percent in 1977), active competition for seeds between the two taxa may have been masked. Ants may exert a stronger influence on rodent distributions in cold desert environments than our data have shown. Because ants have an impact on the total vegetation cover of an area (Roge ...
... cover compared to 6.8 percent in 1977), active competition for seeds between the two taxa may have been masked. Ants may exert a stronger influence on rodent distributions in cold desert environments than our data have shown. Because ants have an impact on the total vegetation cover of an area (Roge ...
Ecology of stoats Mustela erminea in a valley of the
... important aspects such as breeding and diet (Ruiz-Olmo et al. 1997, Gisbert & García-Perea 2007, Ruiz-Olmo 2010, Camps et al. 2011). In reviews by King & Powell (2007) and Larivière & Jennings (2009), no reference is made to the stoat in Iberia. Furthermore, although the diet of stoats can be divers ...
... important aspects such as breeding and diet (Ruiz-Olmo et al. 1997, Gisbert & García-Perea 2007, Ruiz-Olmo 2010, Camps et al. 2011). In reviews by King & Powell (2007) and Larivière & Jennings (2009), no reference is made to the stoat in Iberia. Furthermore, although the diet of stoats can be divers ...
Feedback Theory and Darwinian Evolution
... same sign as the input signal. Negative feedback occurs when the feedback signal has the opposite sign to the input signal. A third case, zero or no feedback, can be considered to be intermediate between positive and negative or it can be considered to be a separate case altogether. The effects of p ...
... same sign as the input signal. Negative feedback occurs when the feedback signal has the opposite sign to the input signal. A third case, zero or no feedback, can be considered to be intermediate between positive and negative or it can be considered to be a separate case altogether. The effects of p ...
Plant Community Analysis and Dating of the Asulkan
... width of the lichen thallus (Luckman, 1977). The most commonly used species to date substrate is Rizocarpon geographicum because it grows slowly, relatively radially, and has a long life span (Luckman, 1977). Using these methods, a timeline for succession can be developed and compared to plant commu ...
... width of the lichen thallus (Luckman, 1977). The most commonly used species to date substrate is Rizocarpon geographicum because it grows slowly, relatively radially, and has a long life span (Luckman, 1977). Using these methods, a timeline for succession can be developed and compared to plant commu ...
Food selection and habitat preferences in deep-sea fishes
... animals were washed in distilled water and dry frozen (-20 °C) for several days. The tissue samples from fishes were: muscles from the predorsal region (without skin), the liver, and fins (caudal, pectoral, and dorsal). For inverte brates they were: tissue from the leg muscle (without carapace), ar ...
... animals were washed in distilled water and dry frozen (-20 °C) for several days. The tissue samples from fishes were: muscles from the predorsal region (without skin), the liver, and fins (caudal, pectoral, and dorsal). For inverte brates they were: tissue from the leg muscle (without carapace), ar ...
Population growth - the HCC Home Page
... resulting in better survival. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... resulting in better survival. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Overview of a passive tracking index for monitoring wild canids and
... Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks chang ...
... Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks chang ...
Bill Shape and Sexual Shape dimorphiSm Between two Archilochus
... Previous descriptions of hummingbird bill morphology have used univariate indices that were derived mainly from the ratios of linear measurements. One approach estimates bill curvature from measurements on the maxilla, whereas another estimates bill curvature from measurements of the mandible (e.g., ...
... Previous descriptions of hummingbird bill morphology have used univariate indices that were derived mainly from the ratios of linear measurements. One approach estimates bill curvature from measurements on the maxilla, whereas another estimates bill curvature from measurements of the mandible (e.g., ...
feature theory and the two-step hypothesis of m ¨ullerian mimicry
... enough from the model’s that there is no generalization overlap between these appearances, because it is in such a situation that the two-step process is required for mimicry to evolve. When there already is noticeable generalization overlap from the beginning, the process of gradual change describe ...
... enough from the model’s that there is no generalization overlap between these appearances, because it is in such a situation that the two-step process is required for mimicry to evolve. When there already is noticeable generalization overlap from the beginning, the process of gradual change describe ...
MB_20_win
... 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long. ...
... 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long. ...
Effects of wave exposure on
... competition nor disturbance exert a dominating influence. In general, data support the intermediatedisturbance model. The predictions apply best to guilds of species that occupy primary substratum and are directly affected by wave-induced disturbance and space-light competition. Species adapted to e ...
... competition nor disturbance exert a dominating influence. In general, data support the intermediatedisturbance model. The predictions apply best to guilds of species that occupy primary substratum and are directly affected by wave-induced disturbance and space-light competition. Species adapted to e ...
Course Outline
... cellular respiration is a biochemical process that occurs in different locations in the cytosol and mitochondria, and metabolises organic compounds, aerobically or anaerobically, to release useable energy in the form of ATP; products of anaerobic respiration vary between organisms (plants, yeast, ba ...
... cellular respiration is a biochemical process that occurs in different locations in the cytosol and mitochondria, and metabolises organic compounds, aerobically or anaerobically, to release useable energy in the form of ATP; products of anaerobic respiration vary between organisms (plants, yeast, ba ...
An Ecological Assessment of Insect Diversity at Organic Central
... Modern industrial agriculture is the most widespread cause of anthropogenic land use changes on terrestrial ecosystems (Kim et al. 2006). Agricultural intensification across the world has permanently modified our landscapes and changed the way we must think about and manage these lands. Approximatel ...
... Modern industrial agriculture is the most widespread cause of anthropogenic land use changes on terrestrial ecosystems (Kim et al. 2006). Agricultural intensification across the world has permanently modified our landscapes and changed the way we must think about and manage these lands. Approximatel ...
Hungry Oceans: What Happens When the Prey is Gone?
... According to conventional wisdom, small, fast-growing fish are impossible to overfish because their populations are so large and grow so quickly. Yet we are now seeing disquieting signs that conventional wisdom is wrong. Most significantly, scientists are reporting ocean predators emaciated from lac ...
... According to conventional wisdom, small, fast-growing fish are impossible to overfish because their populations are so large and grow so quickly. Yet we are now seeing disquieting signs that conventional wisdom is wrong. Most significantly, scientists are reporting ocean predators emaciated from lac ...
Crop domestication, global human-mediated migration, and the
... disparate origins for domestication events (Smartt and Simmonds, 1995), human-mediated migration of food crops has led to a homogenization of the major food crops around the world (Khoury et al., 2014). When crops are introduced into new regions, a portion of the native herbivore assemblage may shif ...
... disparate origins for domestication events (Smartt and Simmonds, 1995), human-mediated migration of food crops has led to a homogenization of the major food crops around the world (Khoury et al., 2014). When crops are introduced into new regions, a portion of the native herbivore assemblage may shif ...
A perspective on amphibian conservation in the United States
... with birds and mammals, having few keystone or umbrella species, the lack of broadscale, long-term commitment from resource agencies, and, probably, politics at all levels. Fundamentally, it is essential to realize that in a free market society, amphibians are not deemed vital simply because they ca ...
... with birds and mammals, having few keystone or umbrella species, the lack of broadscale, long-term commitment from resource agencies, and, probably, politics at all levels. Fundamentally, it is essential to realize that in a free market society, amphibians are not deemed vital simply because they ca ...
Putting Eggs in One Basket: Ecological and Evolutionary
... Maximization of embryo survival has traditionally been considered the most important reason for nonrandom choice of oviposition site in oviparous animals. Females can choose oviposition sites that minimize predation risk, maintain a microclimate suitable for embryo development, or avoid habitats pro ...
... Maximization of embryo survival has traditionally been considered the most important reason for nonrandom choice of oviposition site in oviparous animals. Females can choose oviposition sites that minimize predation risk, maintain a microclimate suitable for embryo development, or avoid habitats pro ...
Chapter 12 Natural Environment The State of Our Biodiversity
... the Waitakere Ranges but the two populations are thought to be genetically different. It is not known how many individuals remain in the northern population, ...
... the Waitakere Ranges but the two populations are thought to be genetically different. It is not known how many individuals remain in the northern population, ...
Calculating enzyme kinetic parameters from protein structures
... substrate association and in transition state stabilization. The comparative analysis of the electrostatic potentials of a large number of enzymes by qPIPSA [quantitative PIPSA (protein interaction property analysis)] [10] allows differences in the molecular interaction field to be related directly ...
... substrate association and in transition state stabilization. The comparative analysis of the electrostatic potentials of a large number of enzymes by qPIPSA [quantitative PIPSA (protein interaction property analysis)] [10] allows differences in the molecular interaction field to be related directly ...
Macroecology of mangroves: large-scale patterns and processes in
... (2) these investigators focused on an inappropriate spatial scale of observation and analysis for detecting zonation; (3) human impacts on the forests have disrupted zonation patterns; and (4) the “null hypothesis” that zonation does not actually exist in mangrove forests. Explanation 1 is unlikely, ...
... (2) these investigators focused on an inappropriate spatial scale of observation and analysis for detecting zonation; (3) human impacts on the forests have disrupted zonation patterns; and (4) the “null hypothesis” that zonation does not actually exist in mangrove forests. Explanation 1 is unlikely, ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.