The effects of puma prey selection and specialization on less
... population surrounding the Aleutian archipelago (170 individuals) specialized on sea otters, then orcas could drive the entire Aleutian Islands population of sea otters to extinction in 3–4 months (Williams et al. 2004). Thus, research efforts that explore the influence of predators that select or s ...
... population surrounding the Aleutian archipelago (170 individuals) specialized on sea otters, then orcas could drive the entire Aleutian Islands population of sea otters to extinction in 3–4 months (Williams et al. 2004). Thus, research efforts that explore the influence of predators that select or s ...
Ch 9 Wildlife Biology Management
... • In any habitat, animals must not be overcrowded – Overcrowding can result in stress, disease, damaged habitat ...
... • In any habitat, animals must not be overcrowded – Overcrowding can result in stress, disease, damaged habitat ...
Individual selection, kin selection, and the shifting balance in
... The problem: predator learning and frequency-dependent selection ‘The fitness, W,, of a new, mutant or variant colour morph, A, within an unpleasant prey species is likely to be lower than the fitness of a commoner wildtype morph, a, because predators have not learned to avoid the rare colours. Supp ...
... The problem: predator learning and frequency-dependent selection ‘The fitness, W,, of a new, mutant or variant colour morph, A, within an unpleasant prey species is likely to be lower than the fitness of a commoner wildtype morph, a, because predators have not learned to avoid the rare colours. Supp ...
Growing Valley Oak
... 1997; Maejima and others, 1997; Marshall and Gilman, 1997; Ray and Sinclair, 1998; Wu and others, 1998, McCreary and Lippett, 2000). Most researchers have found that when plants remain in the containers too long, their roots can circle and become deformed. More importantly for restoration on dry sit ...
... 1997; Maejima and others, 1997; Marshall and Gilman, 1997; Ray and Sinclair, 1998; Wu and others, 1998, McCreary and Lippett, 2000). Most researchers have found that when plants remain in the containers too long, their roots can circle and become deformed. More importantly for restoration on dry sit ...
Natural enemy interactions constrain pest control in complex
... data suggest that this increase may be in part due to a release from control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also ...
... data suggest that this increase may be in part due to a release from control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also ...
COMPETITION AND SALT-MARSH PLANT ZONATION: STRESS
... at zonal and patch boundaries in two Rhode Island (USA) marshes revealed that competitive outcomes were typically reversed when nutrients were abundant. These results, which are consistent with earlier findings in a third southern New England marsh, suggest that a nutrientdependent competitive hiera ...
... at zonal and patch boundaries in two Rhode Island (USA) marshes revealed that competitive outcomes were typically reversed when nutrients were abundant. These results, which are consistent with earlier findings in a third southern New England marsh, suggest that a nutrientdependent competitive hiera ...
assessment
... 2005). Salinities above 3–4 g/L are lethal to adult mussels (e.g., Walker et al. 2001, 2013). The glochidia would be less tolerant (Walker 1981), but there are no data specifically for H. glenelgensis. Forestry has the potential to degrade mussel habitat through erosion and siltation caused by harve ...
... 2005). Salinities above 3–4 g/L are lethal to adult mussels (e.g., Walker et al. 2001, 2013). The glochidia would be less tolerant (Walker 1981), but there are no data specifically for H. glenelgensis. Forestry has the potential to degrade mussel habitat through erosion and siltation caused by harve ...
Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black
... Predation is a major cause of mortality for most species of animals, and many produce alarm signals when they perceive a potential predator (1). Alarm calls often differ in acoustic structure, depending on the situation in which they are produced (2-5). If a species is preyed upon by different pred ...
... Predation is a major cause of mortality for most species of animals, and many produce alarm signals when they perceive a potential predator (1). Alarm calls often differ in acoustic structure, depending on the situation in which they are produced (2-5). If a species is preyed upon by different pred ...
Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish
... 2005), social interactions (Buston 2003; Mitchell and Dill 2005; Buston and Cant 2006), and breeding behaviour (Munday et al. 2006), in part because we have a relatively complete knowledge of the diversity of anemonefish and anemones and the extent of their interaction (Fautin and Allen 1997). In co ...
... 2005), social interactions (Buston 2003; Mitchell and Dill 2005; Buston and Cant 2006), and breeding behaviour (Munday et al. 2006), in part because we have a relatively complete knowledge of the diversity of anemonefish and anemones and the extent of their interaction (Fautin and Allen 1997). In co ...
Carbon TIME Units and NGSS Alignment
... Matter and its Interactions. HS-PS1-7. Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction. http://www.nextgenscience.org/hsps1-matter-interactions From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes. HS-LS1-2. Develop and ...
... Matter and its Interactions. HS-PS1-7. Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction. http://www.nextgenscience.org/hsps1-matter-interactions From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes. HS-LS1-2. Develop and ...
Habitat-dependent foraging in a classic predatorа/prey system: a
... will be fewer resources left in patches in the safe habitat than in the riskier one, it will have a lower giving-up density). The effects of density are complicated. Increasing prey density reduces the energetic state of individuals as well as the missed opportunities of not foraging elsewhere (Davi ...
... will be fewer resources left in patches in the safe habitat than in the riskier one, it will have a lower giving-up density). The effects of density are complicated. Increasing prey density reduces the energetic state of individuals as well as the missed opportunities of not foraging elsewhere (Davi ...
In search of operational trophospecies in a tropical aquatic ,food web
... trophic activity, then we need to explore alternative ways in which these two aspects interact. One can Original trophicentities imagine casesin which the composition of an animal's The ideal trophic data would be resolved to the biolog- diet might influencethe composition of its set of predaical sp ...
... trophic activity, then we need to explore alternative ways in which these two aspects interact. One can Original trophicentities imagine casesin which the composition of an animal's The ideal trophic data would be resolved to the biolog- diet might influencethe composition of its set of predaical sp ...
Prey selection and dietary overlap among
... 1989, Shiganova 1998), virtually no direct comparisons of diet and co-occurrence have been made. Although 2 recent studies reached different conclusions, any results probably would be specific to a particular situation. Purcell & Grover (1990) directly compared the diets of post-yolksac herring with ...
... 1989, Shiganova 1998), virtually no direct comparisons of diet and co-occurrence have been made. Although 2 recent studies reached different conclusions, any results probably would be specific to a particular situation. Purcell & Grover (1990) directly compared the diets of post-yolksac herring with ...
CRCT Practice
... 67. The clownfish lives among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The fish protects the anemone from fish that want to eat it. In turn, the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from predators. A mucus on the fish protects it from the tentacles. What type of relationship does ...
... 67. The clownfish lives among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The fish protects the anemone from fish that want to eat it. In turn, the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from predators. A mucus on the fish protects it from the tentacles. What type of relationship does ...
Has woody vegetation in a semi-arid savanna changed after 11
... However, many nutrients that are essential for herbivores are also essential for the plants themselves, and it is recognized that herbivory has led to the evolution of plant responses to protect the resources, which can be seen as adaptations to predation, such as the development of morphological s ...
... However, many nutrients that are essential for herbivores are also essential for the plants themselves, and it is recognized that herbivory has led to the evolution of plant responses to protect the resources, which can be seen as adaptations to predation, such as the development of morphological s ...
Habitat Selection by Two Competing Species in a Two
... two different habitats. Our fitness functions are derived from the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, and we assume that individuals settle in the habitat in which their fitness is maximized. We derive an ideal free distribution across the habitats for both species. Our model provides analytical ...
... two different habitats. Our fitness functions are derived from the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, and we assume that individuals settle in the habitat in which their fitness is maximized. We derive an ideal free distribution across the habitats for both species. Our model provides analytical ...
Rapid adaptation: a new dimension for evolutionary perspectives in
... attention (‘limited attention’; Dukas and Kamil 2001; Dukas 2002, 2004), in which a predator’s attention to prey is formed through ‘conditioning’ to the most common prey in situations where multiple prey–predator systems occur in the habitat. Integrated understanding of learning behavior spreads fro ...
... attention (‘limited attention’; Dukas and Kamil 2001; Dukas 2002, 2004), in which a predator’s attention to prey is formed through ‘conditioning’ to the most common prey in situations where multiple prey–predator systems occur in the habitat. Integrated understanding of learning behavior spreads fro ...
Parallel shifts in ecology and natural selection in an island lizard
... correlated with selection on limb length but not body size. By contrast, a die-back of vegetation caused by drought was followed by reduced arboreality, selection on body size, and relaxed selection on limb length. With the return of the rains and recovery of vegetation, selection reverted back to p ...
... correlated with selection on limb length but not body size. By contrast, a die-back of vegetation caused by drought was followed by reduced arboreality, selection on body size, and relaxed selection on limb length. With the return of the rains and recovery of vegetation, selection reverted back to p ...
Transgenic Crops: Implications for Biodiversity and Sustainable
... weeds. A network of habitat corridors would allow ease of movement by natural enemies from nearby habitats to disperse readily within crops, enhancing the speed with which a numerical aggregative response to pest foci may take place. The tendency in herbicide-tolerant GM crop farms however is for in ...
... weeds. A network of habitat corridors would allow ease of movement by natural enemies from nearby habitats to disperse readily within crops, enhancing the speed with which a numerical aggregative response to pest foci may take place. The tendency in herbicide-tolerant GM crop farms however is for in ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.